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This study examined the effects of service quality in semi-permanent makeup shops on customer satisfaction and revisit intention, and investigated the mediating role of customer satisfaction. A survey was conducted with 277 adults in the metropolitan area who had experience with semi-permanent makeup procedures, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. The results showed that the four dimensions of service quality—empathy, tangibles, responsiveness, and reliability—had significant positive effects on customer satisfaction and revisit intention. Empathy and tangibles had stronger effects on customer satisfaction, whereas responsiveness and reliability had relatively greater effects on revisit intention. Customer satisfaction also significantly mediated the relationship between service quality and revisit intention, indicating that improved service quality enhances revisit intention by increasing customer satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of practitioners' professionalism, empathetic service, a well-maintained service environment, and prompt responses in improving customer experiences. The findings suggest that semi-permanent makeup shops should strengthen customer-oriented service strategies to enhance customer satisfaction and encourage revisit intention. Future studies should include more diverse regions and age groups to improve the generalizability of the findings.

本研究旨在实证分析半永久美妆店的服务质量对顾客满意度及复购率的影响为美容 行业维系顾客促进复购提供基础数据支持本研究对首都圈地区接受过半永久美妆的成年 男女共277人开展问卷调查并采用SPSS 21.0软件进行数据分析研究结果表明 共情性 有形性响应性可信性对客户满意度和复购率均产生显著的正向影响其中共情性与有 形性对客户满意度的影响较大而响应性与可信性对复购率的影响相对更为突出此外客 户满意度在服务质量与复购率之间发挥着核心中介作用服务质量越高客户满意度随之提 升进而促进复购行为这一路径已得到验证这表明从业者的专业素养与共情态度设 施及设备水平以及快速响应能力均是决定客户体验质量的关键因素因此半永久彩妆 店需优化服务环境的同时加强以顾客为中心的定制化管理及沟通策略本研究的样本仅限 首都圈存在一定局限性后续研究需扩大地域与年龄层覆盖范围开展更为深入的分析.

This study used data acquired from 1,139 women aged 65 years and older selected from the 2024 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN Statistics 21.0, employing descriptive statistics, the χ² test, and complex sample logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the participants' mean handgrip strength was 19.91kg while their mean sarcopenic index was 5.95kg/m². Both values exceeded the cut-off points for low muscle strength and sarcopenia recommended by the Asian clinical practice guidelines; however, the margins were small, indicating the need for continued efforts to improve muscle strength and mass. Handgrip strength was found to have a significant association with the presence of diabetes mellitus(p=.003), while sarcopenic index showed significant associations with diabetes mellitus(p<.001), hypertension(p<.001), and dyslipidemia(p=.026). The findings of this study have two important implications. First, effective management of chronic diseases among older women requires not only aerobic exercise, which has been widely emphasized in both research and clinical practice, but also comprehensive strategies to increase muscle mass. Second, these findings should be considered in the development of future community-based healthcare policies and chronic disease intervention programs for older women.

本研究使用疾病管理厅2024年国民健康营养调查中1139名65岁以上女性老年人的数 据采用SPSS/WIN statistics 21.0软件通过描述性统计Rao‑Scott卡方检验以及复杂样本 逻辑回归模型对数据开展分析研究结果显示研究对象平均肌力为19.91kg肌少症指数为 5.95 kg/m²两项指标均高于亚洲肌少症诊疗指南规定的肌力下降临界值但优势幅度较 小仍需要采取干预措施提升肌力与肌肉量肌力对糖尿病Wald F=9.32p=.003的患 病与否存在显著影响肌少症指数对糖尿病Wald F=15.77p.001高血压Wald F=19.71p.001血脂异常Wald F=5.03p=.026均存在显著影响本研究启示 第一在女性老年人慢性疾病管理工作中无论是科研还是临床实践除了普遍开展的有氧 运动之外还需要多方面施策提升老年人肌力与肌肉量第二该研究结果应当应用于后续 女性老年人社区医疗卫生政策制定以及慢性疾病干预项目的开发工作当中

This study aimed to examine the health consultation characteristics of companion dogs using a companion animal culture center in U Region from a preventive veterinary perspective. Health questionnaires and veterinary consultation records of 153 companion dogs participating in a free health consultation program from January to December 2025 were analyzed. A case study design was used to identify the dogs’ general characteristics, owners’ perceived health concerns, and health issues identified during veterinary consultations. Frequencies and percentages were calculated, and cross-tabulation was used to descriptively compare owners’ health perceptions with consultation results. Because several health categories had low observed frequencies, statistical significance testing was not conducted. The results showed differences between owners’ perceived health concerns and health issues identified during consultations. These findings suggest that community-based health consultation programs may contribute to the early identification of potential health concerns, owner education, and preventive veterinary care. However, because this study was conducted at a single center in one region with a limited number of cases, the findings should be interpreted as exploratory evidence. Further multicenter studies with larger samples are needed to strengthen evidence for preventive veterinary approaches to community-based companion animal health management.

本研究以U地区伴侣动物文化中心免费健康咨询项目参与的153只伴侣犬为研究对象 分析犬只一般特征饲养主人的健康认知以及实际健康咨询记录结果旨在探明地区伴侣动 物健康问题的特点及其在预防兽医学层面的意义研究采用横断面描述性调查分析2025年1 月至12月参与健康咨询的伴侣犬问诊表与兽医咨询记录研究结果显示在描述统计层面 饲养主人的健康认知和实际咨询发现的健康状况之间存在一定差异研究结果显示伴侣动 物文化中心的免费健康咨询项目不局限于单纯咨询服务还有望作为社区健康管理模式实 现疾病早期筛查饲养者科普教育以及落地预防兽医学实践但本研究仅针对单一地区的一 家机构开展案例研究研究结果不宜直接推广可作为后续多机构研究的探索性依据基于 全健康One Health视角下的政策启示也有待后续研究进一步验证

This study aimed to visualize the four universal basic human emotions—joy, sadness, anger, and fear—through formative nail art works based on the theoretical foundations of Paul Ekman’s basic emotion theory and color psychology. For this purpose, the psychological characteristics of each emotion were analyzed, and a total of four nail art works were created using formative elements such as color, line, texture, three-dimensional embellishments, and surface composition. Joy was expressed through clear, champagne gold, rose gold, and pearl white tones, together with crystals and holographic materials, to represent expanding delight and the crystallization of light. Sadness was visualized through deep navy, indigo blue, gray, and black tones, along with marbling, water-drop effects, and crack-like lines, reflecting emotions that gradually permeate the inner self. Anger was represented through burgundy, oxblood, and black tones, combined with rough marbling, splatter effects, and fragmented decorative elements to convey explosiveness and lingering intensity. Lastly, fear was expressed through achromatic colors such as dark charcoal, gray, and black, together with dark marbling, chains, and black forms to embody anxiety and the threat of the unknown. The findings confirm that color psychology and formative language can be effectively applied to the visualization of emotions, and that formative nail art can be expanded beyond its decorative function to serve as an artistic medium for expressing psychological meaning and the symbolic nature of human emotions.

本研究以保罗·艾克曼的基础情绪理论色彩心理学作为理论基础旨在将人类共通的 四种基础情绪喜悦悲伤愤怒恐惧制作为造型美甲艺术作品实现视觉化表达 为此解析每种情绪的心理特征运用色彩线条质感立体装饰表面构成等造型要素 一共创作4件作品喜悦选用透明色香槟金玫瑰金珍珠白系列搭配水晶全息素 材表现向外舒展的欢愉与光之结晶悲伤深藏青靛蓝灰色黑色色系结合晕染 水滴裂纹线条将向内浸润的情绪视觉化呈现愤怒酒红暗血红黑色色系粗犷晕 染泼溅效果碎片状装饰表达爆发感与余焰恐惧深炭灰灰色黑色等无彩色系 深色晕染链条暗黑形体塑造不安与未知的威胁感研究结果证实了色彩心理学与造型 语言可以有效地运用于情绪视觉化表达造型美甲艺术不再局限于装饰功能能够拓展成为 承载心理内涵表达情绪象征性的艺术载体

This study aimed to examine the effects of beauty extracurricular programs on learning motivation and school adaptation among beauty college students in Chungcheongnam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, simple regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS 25.0. The results are as follows:First, the simple regression analysis of the effects of beauty extracurricular programs on learning motivation showed a statistically significant positive effect, and the hypothesis was accepted. Second, the simple regression analysis of the effects of beauty extracurricular programs on school adaptation also revealed a statistically significant positive effect, and the hypothesis was supported. Third, the simple regression analysis of the effects of school adaptation on learning motivation demonstrated a statistically significant positive effect, and the hypothesis was confirmed. Therefore, beauty extracurricular programs were found to be an important educational factor that positively affects students’ learning motivation and school adaptation. In particular, the activation of major-related extracurricular programs is expected to contribute to improving students’ understanding of their major, self-development, career exploration, and ability to adapt to college life.

本研究以忠清南道庆尚南道地区的美容类高校学生为研究对象探究美容非课程项 目对学习动机与学校适应的影响使用SPSS 25.0统计软件对数据实施频数分析因子分 析信度分析单一回归分析以及多元回归分析

This study investigated the effects of Ulleung deep ocean water extract on melanin pigmentation, skin tissue recovery, and inflammatory responses in a UVB-induced skin damage animal model. Brown guinea pigs were divided into normal, control, positive control, and extract-treated groups, and test materials were topically applied for four weeks after UVB irradiation. Melanin pigmentation was evaluated using the melanin index, Fontana-Masson staining, and S-100 expression. Skin tissue, dermal fiber, and inflammatory changes were assessed using H&E, Masson’s trichrome, Gomori’s reticulum fiber, and Toluidine blue staining. The extract-treated group showed lower melanin index, pigmentation, and S-100 expression than the control group. Epidermal and dermal damage was alleviated, collagen and reticular fiber arrangements showed recovery, and mast cell-related inflammatory responses were reduced. These findings suggest that Ulleung deep ocean water extract may reduce UVB-induced pigmentation, promote skin tissue recovery, and alleviate inflammation. Although skin barrier function was not directly measured, the results suggest a favorable environment for barrier recovery. Overall, Ulleung deep ocean water extract may have potential as a functional cosmetic ingredient.

本研究旨在UVB诱导皮肤损伤的动物模型中评价郁陵深层水提取物对黑色素色素沉 着皮肤组织修复以及炎症反应的作用将棕色豚鼠分为正常组对照组阳性对照组以及 郁陵深层水提取物涂抹组 UVB照射后连续4 周涂抹受试样品 通过黑色素指数 Fontana‑Masson染色S‑100蛋白表达评估黑色素色素沉着采用H&E染色Masson三色染 色Gomori网状纤维染色甲苯胺蓝染色分析皮肤组织真皮纤维结构与炎症反应结果 显示与对照组相比郁陵深层水提取物涂抹组的黑色素指数色素沉着程度S‑100蛋白表 达均有所下降表皮与真皮损伤得到缓解胶原纤维网状纤维排列得到修复肥大细胞介 导的炎症反应也有所降低上述结果提示郁陵深层水提取物能够缓解UVB诱发的皮肤色素 沉着对皮肤组织修复减轻炎症反应具备积极作用但本研究并未直接测定皮肤屏障功 能因此该结果更适合解读为提取物有助于构建利于皮肤修复的皮肤环境而非直接证实 皮肤屏障修复功效本研究结果表明郁陵深层水提取物具备作为功能性化妆品原料的开发 应用潜力

This study aimed to analyze the formative characteristics and symbolism of hwajodo (bird-and-flower paintings), a traditional Korean painting genre of minhwa (Korean folk paintings), and reinterpret them as contemporary nail designs by combining them with digital fabrication technology using a 3D printer (Bambu Lab A1 Combo). The concept and characteristics, formative elements, and symbolism of hwajodo were examined, along with the applicability of digital fabrication to nail design. Seven hwajodo paintings were selected for the study, and the forms, colors, lines, compositions, and symbolic meanings of the flowers and birds depicted in each work were analyzed. Based on the analysis results, key formative elements were extracted and reconstructed into nail designs, followed by 3D modeling using Blender 5.1 and slicing with BambuStudio. The resulting three-dimensional nail parts were fabricated using the Bambu Lab A1 Combo. After post-processing, the parts were applied to nail designs. The findings suggest that hwajodo, with its vivid colors, symbolic meanings of wealth, longevity, and harmony, and decorative forms, has can be applied to contemporary nail design as a material for contemporary nail design. In particular, implementing elements of traditional paintings as three-dimensional parts demonstrated that their symbolism could be emphasized and that the parts could be effectively adjusted in size and shape and reproduced repeatedly. This approach is significant in that it combines the formative value of traditional culture with digital technology, expands traditional cultural elements into the field of contemporary nail design, and suggests the possibility of developing differentiated Korean-style nail art content. However, as this study was limited to a small number of works and focused mainly on the analysis and production of artworks, future studies should expand the range of traditional painting materials, 3D printing materials, and production conditions.

本研究以韩国传统绘画——民间画中的花鸟画为研究对象分析其造型特征与象征内 涵将其与基于3D打印机Bambu Lab A1 Combo的数字制造技术相融合完成现代美 甲设计的再诠释为此梳理花鸟画的概念特征造型要素与象征寓意分析数字制造技术 在美甲设计当中的应用可行性选取7幅花鸟画作品作为研究样本对作品中花鸟的形态色 彩线条构图及其象征含义开展解析基于分析结果提取核心造型要素重构适配美甲的 设计方案使用Blender 5.1完成三维建模借助BambuStudio执行切片处理最终的立体美 甲配件通过Bambu Lab A1 Combo设备打印制作经过后处理工序之后应用于美甲设计 研究结果表明花鸟画色彩鲜亮承载富贵长寿和睦等象征寓意装饰性突出具备运 用于现代美甲设计的开发潜力尤其是将传统绘画造型要素转化为立体配件能够强化作品 的象征内涵同时证实配件可灵活调整尺寸与造型支持重复批量制作本研究的意义在于 将传统文化蕴含的造型价值同数字技术相融合拓展现代美甲设计的创作边界为开发具有 差异化的韩式美甲艺术内容提供新思路但本研究仅选取有限样本研究以作品解析与实物 制作为核心存在一定局限后续研究需要扩充研究范围纳入更多传统绘画素材3D打印 耗材以及不同制作条件开展进一步探讨

This study aimed to classify information-seeking strategies among hair salon consumers in their 30s and empirically examine differences in motivations to use hair services according to these strategy types. The results showed that information-seeking strategies were classified into three types: a mixed online–offline search type, an online-oriented type, and an offline-oriented type, with the online-oriented type accounting for the largest proportion. The mixed online– offline search type showed higher motivations to use hair services than the online- and offline-oriented types. Significant differences among the three types were also found in individual usage motivations, including self-expression, appearance management, and event participation, with the mixed online–offline search type showing relatively higher levels. These findings indicate that consumers who use multiple information sources in combination have higher motivations for using hair services than those who rely primarily on a single information source. This study is significant in identifying the characteristics of hair salon consumers according to their information-seeking strategy types and providing foundational data for providing type-specific information, managing consumers, and developing marketing strategies.

本研究旨在对30~39岁美发消费者的信息搜寻策略进行类型划分并实证分析不同信息 搜寻策略类型下消费者美发服务使用动机存在的差异分析结果显示信息搜寻策略可划 分为线上‑线下混合搜寻型线上主导型线下主导型三类其中线上主导型占比最高线上‑ 线下混合搜寻型的整体美发服务使用动机高于线上主导型与线下主导型在各分项使用动机中个性表达外貌管理活动出席三个维度存在类型间显著差异线上‑ 线下混合搜寻型的动机水平相对更高上述结果表明综合运用多种信息渠道的消费者相 比仅依赖单一信息渠道的消费者美发服务消费动机更强本研究的意义在于厘清了不同信 息搜寻策略类型下美发消费者的特征为针对不同类型消费者开展信息推送客户管理以及 制定营销战略提供基础资料.

This study aimed to examine how perceptions of Flower Knows, a Chinese color cosmetics brand, influence perceived value and purchase intention among Korean Generation Z women. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted with Korean women born between 1995 and 2005. A total of 272 responses were used for analysis. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 30.0 through frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The findings are as follows: Perceptions of the cosmetic brand were classified into design, quality, and cost-effectiveness, while perceived value was categorized into emotional value, social value, and economic value. The results showed that perceptions of Flower Knows cosmetics significantly affected perceived value, which, in turn, significantly influenced purchase intention. In particular, design had a positive effect on emotional value, while quality and social value were the primary factors influencing purchase intention. This study found that Korean Generation Z women's purchase intention toward Flower Knows cosmetics is closely associated with product quality and social value. These findings provide foundational data for marketing strategies for Chinese color cosmetics brands.

本研究旨在分析中国彩妆品牌“花知晓Flower Knows”的品牌认知对韩国Z时代女 性感知价值与购买意愿产生的影响为此以1995‑2005年出生的韩国女性为对象开展线上问 卷调查最终有效样本272份使用SPSS 30.0软件对收集数据进行频数分析因子分析信 度分析相关分析以及多元回归分析研究结果显示化妆品认知由设计品质性价比三 个维度构成感知价值划分为情感价值社会价值经济价值分析表明对“花知晓”化妆 品的认识对感知价值存在显著影响感知价值对购买意愿也存在显著影响其中设计对情 感价值具有正向影响品质与社会价值是影响购买意愿的主要因素本研究证实了韩国Z时代 女性对于“花知晓”化妆品的购买意愿与产品品质社会价值密切相关其意义在于可为中国 彩妆品牌制定营销战略提供基础参考资料

This conceptual review examines how role and responsibility boundaries are structured in dog grooming across key actors and workplace conditions. Literature on dog grooming and relevant adjacent fields was reviewed through four perspectives: information accessibility, foreseeability, controllability, and professional decision-making authority. Analysis identified four boundary domains involving behavior management, veterinary care, owner information relationships, and occupational safety. The grooming process was organized into four stages: pre-grooming information exchange, procedural response during grooming, post-grooming communication and professional referral, and record-based feedback. On-site observation and procedural adjustment were distinguished from diagnosis, treatment, and long-term behavioral intervention. The findings were integrated into a Responsibility Boundary Formation Model that examines information, risk recognition, response options, and professional authority without determining legal liability or negligence. Further empirical validation is required.

本研究属于概念性探究旨在梳理伴侣犬美容流程当中美容师饲养主人各相关专 业领域以及作业环境的角色与责任范围研究梳理伴侣犬美容直接相关文献以及动物行为 学兽医医疗饲养者‑专业人员沟通产业安全等邻近领域文献从事前分析视角引入信息 可获得性可预见性可控性以及专业决策权开展分析分析结果将角色关系划分为四大边 界领域美容‑行为管理美容‑兽医医疗美容‑饲养者信息关系美容‑产业安全同时梳理 出阶段性工作链条美容前信息告知与确认美容过程中风险信号监测与程序性处置美容 结束后信息反馈与专业领域转诊对接记录与评价的闭环反馈机制现场状态观察与流程调 整需要和诊断治疗长期行为干预进行明确区分个人层面可处置应对的范畴与门店层面 作业条件分属不同管控边界综合以上研究本研究提出责任边界形成模型Responsibility Boundary Formation Model整合信息与风险认知应对手段专业判断范围该模型 并非判定法律责任或过失的裁判依据而是用于审视伴侣犬美容环节角色分工与风险处置关 系的概念框架有待结合真实美容事故案例与后续研究进一步检验完善

This study examined the effects of performance criteria awareness and workplace utilization within NCS-based hair beauty competency units on educational satisfaction, while testing the mediating role of workplace utilization. An online survey was conducted with 264 practitioners who had completed NCS-based hair beauty competency unit training. Performance criteria awareness and workplace utilization were measured across eight units: beauty customer service, scalp and hair care, hair shampooing, one-length haircuts, blow-dry styling, cold perms, magic straight perms, and basic hair coloring. Performance criteria awareness had significant positive effects on educational satisfaction, particularly for beauty customer service, one-length haircuts, and cold perms. Workplace utilization also had significant effects, with a positive effect for one-length haircuts, but a negative effect for blow-dry styling. Workplace utilization partially mediated the relationship between performance criteria awareness and educational satisfaction. These findings indicate that NCS-based hair beauty education should move beyond a license-oriented approach toward unit-specific, workplace-transferable competency development.

本研究旨在分析美发NCS能力单元的执行标准认知度现场实用性对教学满意度的影 响并验证现场实用性的中介效应本研究以完成美发NCS能力单元课程学习的美容从业者 264人为对象开展线上问卷调查执行标准认知度与现场实用性围绕8项能力单元进行测 量美容客户接待头皮毛发管理美发洗发均等长度剪发吹发造型冷烫魔力直 烫基础染发分析结果显示美发能力单元执行标准认知度在美容客户接待均等长度 剪发冷烫维度上对教学满意度呈现显著正向(+)影响现场实用性在均等长度剪发上表现正 向(+)影响在吹发造型维度呈现负向(-)影响并且证实现场实用性在执行标准认知度与教学 满意度之间起到部分中介作用该结果提示基于美发NCS能力单元的教育不应局限于考取 资格证书应当更加重视依据各能力单元执行标准培养实务能力以及学习成果向现场工作 迁移转化

This study aimed to examine the relationship between service experience attributes and revisit intention among hair salon customers aged 50 and older and identify service improvement priorities using importance-performance analysis (IPA) based on derived importance. A survey of 191 customers was conducted at a hair salon operated by the researcher. The mean scores of 24 attributes served as performance measures, while Pearson correlation coefficients with revisit intention served as derived importance measures. Multiple regression analysis was also conducted. The mean scores for performance and derived importance were 4.042 and .735, respectively. The IPA classified the attributes into four categories: keep up the good work (8), concentrate here (4), low priority (5), and possible overkill (7). Priority areas were style completion after the service, ease of post-service care, durability of results, and superior results compared with other salons. The regression model was significant, with an adjusted explanatory power of 86.1%. Customer needs, satisfaction with results relative to cost, post-service care, pricing and payment clarity, and overall ease of use were significantly related to revisit intention. Ease of post-service care was the key improvement area in both analyses.

本研究旨在分析50岁以上美发沙龙顾客的服务体验属性与再访意向之间的关联并基 于导出重要度的IPA重要度‑绩效分析阐明服务改善优先顺序本研究以研究者所运营美 发沙龙的191位50岁以上顾客为研究对象将24项服务体验属性得分均值作为绩效表现把各 属性与再访意向的皮尔逊相关系数当作推导重要度同时对24项属性开展多元回归分析绩 效表现推导重要度的整体平均值分别为4.0420.735IPA分析结果显示维持现状属性8 项集中改善属性4项低优先级属性5项避免过度投入属性7项其中集中改善属性为术后 造型完成度养护便捷性效果持久性以及相较于其他门店的效果优越性多元回归模型具备统计学显著性调整后决定系数为86.1%其中倾听并落实顾客诉求性 价比满意度术后养护便捷性价格与结算流程透明度整体使用便捷性与再访意向呈现 显著相关尤其是术后养护便捷性在两项分析中均被确认为核心改善属性.

This study empirically examined the effects of consumers' cognitive and emotional responses to brand hair advertisements on advertisement attitudes and aimed to provide basic data for developing effective hair brand advertising strategies. A survey was conducted with 318 customers who visited hair salons in Gangwon Province, Korea, in May 2025, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. The results identified two cognitive response factors (artistry and practicality), four emotional response factors (familiarity, decoration, dignity, and attractiveness), and four advertisement attitude factors (attention, reliability, negativity, and interest). Both cognitive and emotional responses significantly influenced advertisement attitudes. Artistry enhanced attention and interest, while practicality increased reliability. In addition, attractiveness and decoration improved attention and interest, whereas dignity and familiarity strengthened reliability. Artistry, practicality, attractiveness, and dignity also reduced negative advertisement attitudes. These findings suggest that hair brand advertisements can effectively promote positive advertisement attitudes by integrating aesthetic visual elements with practical product information. Therefore, advertisers should develop strategies that combine visual appeal with functional information to enhance consumers' attention, trust, and favorable attitudes toward advertisements. This study provides academic and practical implications for effective advertising and marketing strategies.

本研究旨实证探究消费者对品牌美发广告的认知反应与情感反应对广告态度产生的影 响并为制定有效的美发品牌广告策略提供基础数据为此本研究于2025年5月对江原道地 区318名美发沙龙顾客开展问卷调查所获数据均采用SPSS 21.0软件进行频数分析因子分 析信度分析相关分析及多元回归分析研究结果表明认知反应由艺术性与实用性两个 维度构成情感反应由亲切感装饰性优雅感及吸引力四个维度构成广告态度则由关注 度可信度负面性及趣味性四个维度构成此外认知反应与情感反应均对广告态度具有 显著影响其中艺术性与实用性是提升关注度及趣味性的关键因素实用性亦是增强可信 度的重要因素而吸引力与装饰性则有助于提升关注度及趣味性优雅感与亲切感则有助于 增强可信度相反艺术性实用性吸引力及格调性均被证实有助于降低负面广告倾向 上述结果表明当品牌美发广告能够均衡呈现美学视觉表达与功能性信息时可有效提升消 费者的关注度与信任度进而成功塑造积极的广告导向因此发品广告需制定将视觉完整 性与功能性信息相结合的广告策略本研究通过实证分析揭示了品牌发品广告中消费者的 认知反应与情感反应对广告态度形成的影响在学术与实践层面均具有实质性意义.

This study aimed to redefine natural minerals and gemstones as "Five-Element Minerals" by integrating the Yin-Yang Five-Elements theory with mineralogical and gemological characteristics, and to propose a systematic classification model applicable to the fields of wellness and complementary therapy. A literature-based conceptual approach to developing a classification framework was employed, reviewing classical texts including the Zhouyi, Shangshu (Hongfan), and Huangdi Neijing, together with mineralogical, gemological, and wellness-related studies retrieved from RISS, DBpia, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Multiple classification criteria—mineralogical properties, crystallographic characteristics, color, Yin-Yang attributes, and Five-Element symbolism—were applied to establish the classification framework. As a result, ten categories of Five-Element Minerals were proposed by combining the five elements (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water) with Yin-Yang attributes, and representative minerals with their mineralogical and symbolic grounds were presented for each category. A conceptual utilization model linking the classification system to meditation, color therapy, and self-care activities was also proposed. This study does not claim medical efficacy of the minerals but presents an academic classification model connecting the Yin-Yang Five-Elements theory with mineralogical characteristics, providing a theoretical foundation for future wellness programs, beauty and healing industries, and educational content.

本研究综合考察阴阳五行理论传统文献宝石学与矿物学资料将天然矿物与宝石 重新定义为“五行矿物Five‑Element Minerals”概念依据阴阳五行原理建立系统化分类 并提出可应用于健康福祉与补充疗法领域的概念模型为此综合梳理周易尚书·洪范黄帝内经等传统典籍以及矿物学宝石学健康福 祉领域的国内外先行文献确立融合矿物学特征结晶学特征色彩特征阴阳属性五行 属性的多重分类标准研究结果提出五行矿物分类体系在木火土金水五行之上叠加阴阳属性划分出阳 木阴木阳火阴火阳土阴土阳金阴金阳水阴水共计十种类型同时给出各 类别的代表矿物阐明矿物学与象征意义层面的分类依据并且提出可将该分类体系与冥 想色彩自我照护等健康福祉活动相结合的概念应用模型本研究并非主张矿物具备医学治疗功效其价值在于构建一套把阴阳五行理论和矿物学特征 有机结合的学术分类模型有望作为后续健康福祉项目美容疗愈产业教育内容开发的基 础资料但本研究属于基于文献综述的理论研究存在一定局限后续还需要通过专家验证 与实证研究进一步检验完善

This study aimed to examine how beauty department promotional content affects college image and college choice intention. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among 343 high school and college students and adult learners who were interested in pursuing a beauty-related major or career. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 through frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows:First, statistically significant positive correlations were found among beauty department promotional content, collegeimage, and college choice intention. Second, beauty department promotional content significantly influenced collegeimage. Third, beauty department promotional content also significantly influenced college choice intention. Fourth, collegeimage significantly affected college choice intention. These findings suggest that systematic and continuous promotional content tailored to prospective students’ interests and needs is necessary to strengthen the competitiveness of beauty departments and enhance new student enrollment.

本研究旨在探究美容专业的宣传内容特点对大学形象的认识及择校意向的影响研究 对象为有意报考美容专业或是对美容领域感兴趣的高中生大学生以及成人学习者共343名 运用SPSS 25.0开展频数分析因子分析信度分析与多元回归分析分析结果表明第一 美容专业的宣传内容的特点大学形象认知择校意向三者之间存在统计学上显著的正向(+) 相关关系第二美容专业宣传内容的特点对大学形象的认识具有显著的正向(+)影响第 三美容专业宣传内容的特点对择校意向具有显著的正向(+)影响第四大学形象认识对择 校意向具有显著的正向(+)影响因此为提升美容专业的竞争力和招生规模需要结合考生 的兴趣与需求系统化持续性地运营宣传内容

This study examined the effects of hair softening knowledge on hair perm utilization and procedure satisfaction among 285 hair beauty professionals while investigating the mediating effect of hair perm utilization. Hair softening knowledge consisted of hair knowledge, perm agent composition, and softening mechanism, while hair perm utilization was divided into knowledge utilization and technical utilization. The results showed that all three factors of hair softening knowledge had significant positive effects on both knowledge and technical utilization, with perm agent composition showing the strongest effect. Hair perm utilization also had a significant positive effect on hair perm procedure satisfaction. Furthermore, the Sobel test confirmed significant mediating effects of hair perm utilization in the relationships between hair knowledge, perm agent composition, softening mechanism, and procedure satisfaction. These findings indicate that not only theoretical knowledge of hair and perm agents but also the ability to apply such knowledge effectively in actual procedures is important for improving procedure satisfaction. Therefore, systematic and practice-oriented education on hair softening knowledge and its application must be strengthened to enhance the professional competence of hair beauty practitioners.

本研究以285名美发从业者为对象分析头发软化知识对烫发活用度施术满意度的影 响并验证烫发活用度的中介效应头发软化知识由毛发基础知识烫发剂成分软化机理 三个维度构成烫发活用度包含知识活用度与技术活用度分析结果表明头发软化知识对 烫发的知识活用度技术活用度均存在显著正向(+)影响其中烫发剂成分的影响程度最大 烫发活用度对烫发施术满意度同样具有显著正向(+)影响并且证实烫发活用度在头发软化知 识与烫发施术满意度之间具备显著中介效应进一步检验中介效应可知毛发知识烫发剂 成分软化机理全部维度均呈现显著的中介效果以上结果提示行业需要开展以实务为导 向的教育帮助从业者把毛发烫发剂相关理论知识有效运用到实际烫发操作当中

This study aimed to determine how the nonverbal communication of beauty design instructors affects instructor trust and educational satisfaction among students attending universities in the metropolitan area. The data were collected through a survey conducted using online and offline channels from March 25 to April 15, 2026; 225 data points were used in the final analysis. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0, and the empirical analysis included: frequency analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study showed, first, that instructors’ nonverbal communication had a significant positive effect on instructor trust and educational satisfaction. Second, trust in instructors was found to have a significant positive effect on educational satisfaction.

本研究以就读于首都圈高校的大学生为对象旨在探究美容设计专业授课教师的非语 言沟通对教师信任度与教学满意度产生何种影响数据来源于2026年3月25日至4月15日通过 线上线下渠道开展的问卷调查最终纳入225份样本用于分析本研究使用SPSS 25.0统计 软件开展实证分析分别进行频数分析信度分析探索性因子分析相关分析以及多元回 归分析研究结果第一教师的非语言沟通对教师信任度教学满意度均具有显著正向影响第 二学生对教师的信任度对教学满意度存在显著正向影响

Although aromatherapy has become increasingly popular, research on participants in short-term educational programs such as one-day classes remains limited. Accordingly, this study aimed to analyze participants' satisfaction and educational experiences according to their general characteristics and to suggest the need for systematic education and the safe use of essential oils. Based on the findings, the following recommendations are proposed: First, to overcome the limitations of one-day classes, which are mainly operated by sole proprietors, and to improve accessibility, these programs should be expanded through collaboration with cultural and arts institutions and local government lifelong learning programs. Second, active promotional strategies using social media should be implemented to reduce barriers for potential participants. Third, efforts should be made to improve participants' tendency to view course fees simply as material costs. One-day aromatherapy classes should be recognized as educational services that provide professional knowledge rather than merely selling products, with appropriate methods established to evaluate their educational value. These recommendations are expected to improve the quality of short-term aromatherapy education and foster a healthy market environment.

虽然芳香疗法的大众应用正在不断增加但针对一日课程这类短期教育项目的参与者 现状分析研究仍十分匮乏因此本研究以芳香疗法一日班学员为对象依据个人基本属性分 析满意度教育体验提出体系化教育的必要性以及精油安全使用方案第一当前一日课 程大多由个体经营者开办想要克服该模式的局限提升大众可参与度需要联动文化艺术 机构地方自治团体主办的市民终身学习项目扩大课程推广第二为降低潜在学员的参 与门槛应当利用社交平台SNS开展积极的宣传推广第三需要转变学员只将学费理解为 材料成本的认知芳香疗法一日课程并非单纯商品售卖而是传递专业知识的教育服务要 树立该认知并探索与之匹配的教育价值定价方案期待本研究提出的建议能够助力芳香疗 法短期教育的品质提升构建健康的行业市场生态

This study aimed to investigate how perception of custom wigs affects preference and purchase intention. For this purpose, an online questionnaire survey was conducted with members of the general public nationwide, including respondents from Gyeongsangnam-do, from July 1 to 10, 2025. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. The results are as follows:In terms of the participants’ general characteristics, there were more men than women, and many participants were in their 30s, unmarried, college graduates, and employed in professional or office jobs. Based on the frequency analysis of perceptions of custom wigs and hairstyles, 53% of the respondents reported having at least a moderate level of interest in hair loss, and the largest number of participants answered that hairstyle accounted for 40% to less than 60% of their overall appearance. As for the appropriate price range for purchasing custom wigs, “less than KRW 500,000” was the most common response, selected by 55 participants (27.5%). The correlation analysis showed that aesthetic perception and psychological perception revealed significant positive correlations with both preference and purchase intention (p<.001). In addition, preference had a significant positive correlation with purchase intention (p<.001). When examining the effect of custom wig perception on preference, aesthetic perception (β=.391, p<.001) and psychological perception (β=.378, p<.001) both had positive effects on preference with statistical significance. When it comes to the influence on purchase intention, aesthetic perception (β=.332, p<.001) and psychological perception (β =.283, p<.001) also showed significant positive effects on purchase intention. Lastly, regarding the effect of custom wig preference on purchase intention, custom wig preference (β=.530, p<.001) had a significant positive effect on purchase intention.

本研究探究定制假发认知对偏好度与购买意图的影响本研究在2025年7月1日至7月10 日止以庆尚南道及全国普通民众为研究对象发放线上问卷回收200份使用SPSS 25.0统 计程序开展数据分析调查对象人口统计学特征分析结果显示女性占多数年龄集中在30 多岁未婚群体大学学历专业技术/办公室职业人群居多定制假发与发型认识的频数分 析结果显示对脱发表示关注度“较高及以上”的受访者占53%认为发型在自身外貌当中占 比40%不足60%的人数最多定制假发的合适购买价位选择50万韩元以下的受访者最 多共55人27.5%相关分析结果显示定制假发认识的子维度——审美认识心理认识 与偏好度购买意图之间存在显著正向(+)相关关系(p<.001)偏好度与购买意图之间同样存 在显著正向(+)相关关系(p<.001)定制假发的认识对偏好度的影响分析结果显示审美认识(β =.391p<.001)心理认识(β=.378p<.001)对偏好度具有统计学上显著的正向影响定制假 发认识对购买意图的影响分析结果显示审美认识(β=.332, p<.001)心理认识(β=.283, p<.001) 和购买意图呈显著正向关系定制假发偏好度对购买意图的影响分析结果显示定制假发偏 好度(β=.530p<.001)对购买意图存在显著正向影响

This study aimed to examine the effects of grit on job satisfaction among beauty industry workers and to verify the mediating effect of work engagement. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted among beauty industry workers with at least one year of work experience in hair, skincare, nail, and makeup services, and a total of 309 valid responses were used for the final analysis. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 28.0, and PROCESS Macro Model 4 and bootstrapping were applied to verify the mediating effect of work engagement. The results showed that grit had a significant positive effect on work engagement, and work engagement had a significant positive effect on job satisfaction. In addition, work engagement showed a partial mediating effect on the relationship between grit and job satisfaction, indicating that grit directly affects job satisfaction while also indirectly affecting it through work engagement. These findings confirm that grit and work engagement are important factors in enhancing job satisfaction among beauty industry workers. This study is expected to provide foundational data for developing human resource management strategies and educational programs to enhance work engagement and job satisfaction among beauty industry workers.

本研究旨在分析美容从业者的坚毅人格Grit对工作满意度产生的影响并验证工作 投入的中介效应为此面向美发皮肤美容美甲化妆领域具备1年以上现场从业经验的美 容从业者开展问卷调查最终采用309份有效问卷进行数据分析使用SPSS 28.0处理数据 为检验工作投入的中介效应采用PROCESS宏程序Model 4以及Bootstrap自助抽样法 分析结果显示坚毅人格对工作投入具有显著正向(+)影响工作投入对工作满意度同样存在 显著正向(+)影响同时工作投入在坚毅人格与工作满意度之间起到部分中介作用即坚毅 人格既可以直接影响工作满意度也可以经由工作投入间接产生作用该结果表明坚毅人 格与工作投入是提升美容从业者工作满意度的重要因素本研究可为面向美容从业者开发人 力资源管理方案与教育培训项目提供基础参考资料

This study aimed to analyze differences in peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) according to gel nail type and assess the feasibility of 90° probe rotation for measuring SpO₂ when conventional measurement is difficult. Data from 110 healthy adult women were collected before and after the application of color, magnetic, glitter, extension, and 3D gel nails. Additional measurements were obtained using conventional and 90°-rotated probe orientations and analyzed using SPSS 29.0 and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. First, no significant differences were found among color, magnetic, or glitter gel nails. Second, extension gel showed a significant decrease only in the right hand. Third, conventional measurement was not possible with 3D gel nails, but 90° probe rotation enabled measurement in all participants, although values were significantly lower than baseline. These findings suggest that 3D gel nails may interfere with conventional SpO2 measurements, while rotating the probe 90° may be a potential exploratory alternative for improving measurement feasibility when conventional measurement is difficult. However, this study did not compare the accuracy of the 90°-rotated method with a reference measurement method. Therefore, there is a limitation in interpreting it as an alternative measurement method with validated accuracy.

本研究旨在分析不同类型光疗美甲的脉搏血氧饱和度的差异以及能否完成有效测量 同时验证常规角度测量难以获取数据时将探头旋转90°进行测量方法的应用可行性本研究 以110名健康成年女性为研究对象分别在做彩色光疗甲磁粉光疗甲闪粉光疗甲延长光疗 甲3D光疗甲施术前后测量脉搏血氧饱和度施术完成后分别采用常规摆放角度探头旋转 90°两种方式再次测量且使用SPSS WIN 29.0开展数据分析施术前后对比采用Wilcoxon符 号秩检验研究结果表明彩色光疗甲磁粉光疗甲闪粉光疗甲的施术前后的血氧测量值没 有显著差异延长光疗甲仅在右手出现测量值显著下降3D光疗美甲在常规角度下无法完成 测量但将探头旋转90°后全部受试者均可测出数值不过测得数值相比施术前基准值存在 显著偏低由此可见当3D光疗美甲造成常规测量无法读数时探头旋转90°可以作为一种探 索性备选方案提升测量成功率但本研究未对比该方法与标准测量方式的准确度因此不 能将其解读为经过准确性验证的替代测量方法

The purpose of this study is to develop an empirical foundation for designing a micro-degree-based beauty convergence curriculum by analyzing industry trend keywords using big data. To achieve this, beauty-related text data collected from major online platforms between 2021 and 2025 were analyzed using a four-stage analytical framework, including TF-IDF-based text mining, semantic network and centrality analysis, CONCOR clustering, and QAP correlation analysis. The results revealed that “K-Beauty,” “Global Beauty Market,” and “Beauty Consumer Trends” serve as core hubs in the industry network, while emerging keywords such as “Skin Microbiome,” “AI Skin Diagnosis,” “Beauty-Tech Convergence,” and “Sustainable Packaging” highlight rapid growth in the technology-driven and ESG-oriented sectors. The CONCOR analysis classified the keywords into five structural groups: industry structure, technology convergence, ESG and sustainability, marketing and distribution, and education and workforce, suggesting a modular curriculum framework with foundational, core, and advanced levels. Additionally, QAP analysis confirmed high structural stability (average correlation = .957) across years, alongside gradual evolution driven by technological and sustainability trends. These findings provide data-driven evidence for designing flexible and industry-aligned micro-degree programs and contribute to advancing curriculum development in beauty convergence education.

本研究旨在利用大数据分析产业趋势关键词为构建基于微学位的美容融合课程体系 提供实证基础资料为此以2021‑2025年主流网络平台采集的美容类文本数据为研究对象 采用由TF‑IDF文本挖掘语义网络与中心性分析CONCOR聚类分析QAP相关分析构成的 四阶段分析框架开展研究分析结果显示,“K‑美容”“全球美容市场”“美容消费趋势”是产业网络当中的核心枢纽节点此 外“皮肤微生物组”“AI皮肤诊断”“美容技术融合”“可持续包装”等新兴关键词反映出技术驱 动领域与ESG导向领域正在快速发展CONCOR聚类分析将关键词划分为五大结构集群产 业结构技术融合ESG与可持续发展营销与流通教育与人才该结果为搭建包含基础‑ 核心‑深化层级的模块化课程体系提供参考同时QAP分析得出各年度网络间平均相关系数 高达0.957证实产业网络具备结构稳定性并且行业正围绕技术可持续发展两大主题逐步 发生演变本研究结果为设计兼顾灵活性贴合产业需求的微学位课程提供数据依据有助 于推动美容融合教育领域课程开发的精细化发展.

This study aimed to analyze group differences and linear and nonlinear relationships in potential churn risk and relationship continuance intention according to complaint behavior tendencies among hair salon customers. An online and on-site survey was conducted among 257 consumers who had used hair salon services within the previous six months. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, one-way ANOVA with Scheffé’s post hoc test, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. First, the medium- and high-level complaint behavior groups showed significantly higher potential churn risk than the low-level group. Second, relationship continuance intention differed significantly among groups, but post hoc analysis found no specific differences, partially supporting the hypothesis. Third, complaint behavior tendencies positively affected potential churn risk, explaining 11.7% of the variance. Fourth, no linear effect on relationship continuance intention was found, while an exploratory analysis suggested a U-shaped relationship, with intention decreasing at moderate complaint levels. Finally, potential churn risk showed a significant negative correlation with relationship continuance intention. These findings suggest that complaint behavior tendencies may help identify churn risk and inform retention and recovery strategies for hair salons.

本研究分析美发服务消费顾客的抱怨行为倾向探究其与潜在流失风险关系持续意 向的组间差异以及线性‑非线性关系本研究以近6个月内有美发服务消费经历的消费者为对 象于2026年4月15日至5月31日开展线上及现场问卷调查共得到257份有效问卷用于分析 运用SPSS Statistics 27.0软件执行探索性因子分析信度分析单因素方差分析Scheffé 事后检验相关分析与回归分析分析结果显示抱怨行为倾向中等组高分组的潜在流失 风险显著高于低分组关系持续意向整体组间差异具备统计学意义但事后检验未能识别出 具体组别之间的差异相关假设得到部分支持抱怨行为倾向对潜在流失风险存在显著正向 (+)影响模型解释力为11.7%抱怨行为倾向对关系持续意向的线性效应不显著但探索性 追加分析提示当抱怨行为倾向处于中等水平时关系持续意向相对降低存在U型关系的 可能性另外潜在流失风险与关系持续意向呈现显著负(‑)相关上述结果表明抱怨行为 倾向可作为识别顾客潜在流失可能性的预警指标之一

Modern nail art has developed beyond the field of beauty into an area of artistic creation and visual culture, expanding the possibilities for new formative expression through the integration of various artistic theories. This study aimed to apply the concept of simulation, which breaks down the boundary between the original and reproduction, to nail art design and to examine its potential for creative design development and artistic and formative expression. For this purpose, seven expressive types of simulation were identified: representation, imitation, transformation, expansion, absence, ambiguity, and hybridity. Based on these characteristics, a total of seven nail art works were created using two-dimensional and three-dimensional techniques. The results showed that transformation and hybridity were expressed through two-dimensional compositions focusing on the transformation and combination of colors and forms, while representation and imitation were expressed by three-dimensionally embodying the forms and distinctive characteristics of the subjects. Expansion was represented by extending forms beyond the surface of the nail into three-dimensional space, whereas absence was expressed through the omission or emptying of certain parts of the subject to create meaning. Ambiguity was expressed by blurring the boundaries between forms and images, thereby allowing for multiple interpretations. Accordingly, two two-dimensional works applying transformation and hybridity and five three-dimensional works applying representation, imitation, expansion, absence, and ambiguity were created. These works demonstrated that different formative expressions could be achieved according to each expressive type, including the transformation and combination of forms, three-dimensional construction, spatial expansion, omission and emptiness, and the blurring of boundaries. These findings indicate that the expressive types of simulation can contribute to the formative diversity of nail art and the development of creative designs. This study is significant in that it provides foundational data for the development of nail art designs applying simulation and for further related research.

现代美甲艺术已经超越美容范畴发展成为艺术创作与视觉文化的一个分支通过与 各类艺术理论相融合不断拓展全新造型表现的可能性本研究将消解原作与复制品边界的 **拟像simulation**概念运用于美甲艺术设计旨在探讨创意设计开发及其 艺术与造型层面的表现潜力为此提炼出拟像的七种表现类型再现性模仿性变异 性扩展性缺席性模糊性混杂性基于上述特征运用平面与立体技法一共创作7件美 甲艺术作品研究结果显示变异性与混杂性主要依托色彩形态的变形与融合以平面形 式进行呈现再现性与模仿性则通过立体手法还原对象的外形与特征扩展性突破甲面局 限将造型延伸至立体空间缺席性依靠省略留白部分物象来生成意义模糊性模糊形态 与图像之间的界限赋予作品多元解读空间据此完成2件运用变异性混杂性的平面作品 以及5件分别运用再现性模仿性扩展性缺席性模糊性的立体作品经实践证实依据 不同拟像表现类型可以实现形态变形融合立体构成空间延展省略留白边界模糊化 等多样化造型表达研究结果表明拟像的各类表现类型可用于丰富美甲艺术的造型语言 开发创意美甲设计本研究的意义在于为拟像理论介入美甲艺术设计创作以及后续相关研 究提供基础参考资料

This study examined the effect of hair loss perception on procedure satisfaction among adults in their 30s and 40s and tested the mediating effect of procedure preference. Data from 337 participants were collected through online and offline surveys and analyzed using SPSS 29.0 and SmartPLS 4.0. Correlation analysis, age-group comparisons, and PLS-SEM were conducted. Hair loss perception significantly affected procedure preference (β=.524, p<.001) and procedure satisfaction (β=.237, p<.001), while procedure preference significantly affected procedure satisfaction (β =.524, p<.001). The indirect effect through procedure preference was significant (β=.275, p<.001), the total effect was β=.512, and the VAF was 53.7%, confirming partial mediation. Participants in their 30s showed significantly lower hair loss perception and procedure preference than those in their 40s, whereas procedure satisfaction did not differ significantly between age groups. These findings indicate that satisfaction with non-surgical hair-loss procedures is shaped not only by hair loss perception but also by the criteria individuals use when forming procedure preferences.

本研究验证3040岁成人的脱发认识对施术满意度的影响以及施术偏好度的中介效 应通过线上线下问卷收集337份样本数据使用SPSS 29.0与SmartPLS 4.0开展相关分 析年龄组差异检验以及PLS‑SEM偏最小二乘结构方程模型分析脱发认识对施术偏好 度(β=.524 p<.001)施术满意度(β=.237 p<.001)均存在显著影响施术偏好度同样对施 术满意度具有显著影响(β=.524, p<.001)经由施术偏好度产生的间接效应β=.275(p<.001) 直接效应β=.237(p<.001)总效应β=.512VAF值为53.7%证实存在部分中介效应按年龄 分组来看30代群体的脱发认识施术偏好度显著低于40代群体但施术满意度两组之间没 有统计学差异该结果提示在解释非手术脱发相关施术的满意度时除脱发认识以外还 需要兼顾个人的施术选择标准.

This study aimed to identify the key educational components and job structure required to develop a standardized education protocol for semi-permanent makeup. NCS-based cosmetology learning modules were analyzed, and two focus group interviews (FGI) were conducted with six experts with at least five years of experience in semi-permanent makeup practice or education. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and iterative categorization. First, the theoretical knowledge, technical performance, equipment and tool use, customer consultation, customer service, and hygiene management were identified as common job components of skin care, makeup, and semi-permanent makeup, while design techniques, customer information management, safety management, and education management were required for semi-permanent makeup. Second, five key educational areas were identified: design planning, color and pigment theory, hygiene and safety management, equipment use and procedural techniques, and consultation and post-procedure care. Third, the job structure comprised six stages: customer consultation, design planning, color application, equipment use and procedure, hygiene and safety management, and post-procedure care. Hygiene and safety management was identified as a core competency applied throughout the process. This study specifies five key educational areas and a six-stage job process for semi-permanent makeup education. Further studies should validate the educational priorities using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA).

本研究旨在挖掘开发半永久化妆标准化教学方案所必需的核心教学要素与岗位职能结 构为此分析NCS美容领域学习模块并选取拥有5年以上半永久化妆施术或者教学经验的6 位专家开展2轮FGI焦点小组访谈采集资料采用质性内容分析与反复范畴化方法进行解 析研究结果显示第一理论知识技术实操仪器工具使用客户咨询客户服务以及 卫生管理属于皮肤美容彩妆半永久化妆的共有岗位要素而半永久化妆还额外要求掌握 造型设计技法客户信息管理安全管理以及教学管理第二提炼出五大核心教学领域 造型设计色彩与色素学卫生安全管理仪器运用与施术技术咨询与术后管理第三 岗位作业流程由6个阶段构成客户咨询造型设计色彩运用仪器操作与施术卫生安全 管理术后管理其中卫生安全管理是贯穿全部流程的核心能力本研究的意义在于明确了 半永久化妆教育的5大核心教学领域与6阶段岗位流程后续研究可借助CVI内容效度指数 IPA重要度‑绩效分析进一步验证教学内容的优先级