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This study aimed to provide fundamental insights into societal perceptions of skincare specialists and propose recommendations for improving such perceptions. It accomplished this by: i) analyzing the frequency of keywords related to skincare specialists before and after the implementation of the National Aesthetician License, utilizing big data, and ii) investigating correlations between these keywords. To achieve this, data were gathered from web sources focusing on the keywords 'skincare specialist' and 'aesthetician' for the five years from 2003 to 2007, as well as the most recent five years. For the analysis, TEXTOM and UCINET6 were utilized, and the findings revealed the following: First, in the analysis of the frequency of keywords related to skincare specialists from 2003 to 2007, ‘Aesthetician Academy’ emerged as the most, from 2018 to 2023, 'National Aesthetician License' emerged as the most prominent term. Second, this study visualized the overall network structure of keywords related to skincare specialists using NetDraw, enabling a simultaneous understanding of the relationships between each keyword. Third, network centrality analysis of keywords regarding skincare specialists revealed that during the period from 2003 to 2007, 'Type of Skincare Specialist' exhibited the highest centrality. In the period from 2018 to 2022, ‘National Aesthetician License’ was the highest. Considering these social perceptions of skincare specialists with the aforementioned keywords, there is a clear need to enhance professionalism and regulations regarding qualifications.

本研究旨在于通过大数据分析了解皮肤国家资格证新设前后, 皮肤管理师相关关键词, 不同时期使用频率, 关键词之间的关系, 并提供改善皮肤管理师社会认识的基础资料与启示. 通过大数据分析, 可即时得到社会对皮肤管理师的实时认识, 有助于掌握该领域的核心研究 主题, 整体特征和结构, 本研究以“皮肤管理师”和“皮肤美妆师”为关键词搜集了新设皮肤国家 资格证前5年(20031.01-2007.12.31)和最近5年(2018.1.1-2022.6.30)的网络数据, 分析则 使用了Textom和UCINET6. 研究结果为如下:第一, 2003-2007年期间, 皮肤管理师相关关 键词频率分析结果显示, “皮肤美妆学院”出现频率最高, “美妆师”, “皮肤管理师种类”, “皮 肤管理师考试”, “资格证”等关键词出现频率较高. 2018-2023年期间, 皮肤管理师相关关键词 的频率分析结果显示,“皮肤国家资格证”的出现频率最高,“皮肤美妆资格证”, “技能考试”,“美妆学院”, “笔试”等关键词出现频率较高. 第二,本研究使用NetDraw对皮肤管理师相关关 键词的整体网络结构进行了视觉化,同时分析出各关键词之间的关系.第三, 针对皮肤管理 师相关关键词进行网络连接中心性分析结果显示, 2003-2007年期间,“皮肤管理师种类”最高,“皮肤管理师种类,“皮肤管理师考试”,“皮肤管理师竞争率”等是连接强度较高的关键词, 2018-2022年期间,“皮肤国家资格证”出现频率最高,“美妆学院”,“销售”,“价格”等关 键词连接中心性较高.基于上述关键词,社会对皮肤管理师形成一定的认识,因此有必要加 强对资格证的专业性以及管理.

This study aims to examine the impact of customer engagement based on the theory of planned behavior on behavioral intentions for customers who use beauty salons, and is meaningful in establishing strategies to attract customers, which are the most important in operating beauty salons and increasing sales. To this end, a non-face-to-face self-written questionnaire required for the study was used, and a total of 756 copies were used for the final analysis. Based on the collected data, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability analysis were judged by Cronbach's α coefficient, and regression analysis and identification of mediating effects were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 program to verify hypotheses. According to the analysis, the relationship between each independent variable, “custom engagement”, the parameter, “planning behavior theory”, and the dependent variable, “action intention”, had a significant positive (+) effect on each other, and all variables of planning behavior theory were found to have partial mediating effects. Therefore, it is necessary to induce members of the salon to visit the salon by grasping and considering the characteristics of each customer. In order to establish and maintain a direct and meaningful relationship with customers in the beauty salon space, a lot of attention should be paid to customer engagement, and it should lead to a planned revisit of customers. In other words, in order to ultimately affect the behavioral intentions of customers in running and operating beauty salons, employees and managers should strive for smooth 1:1 customized communication with customers and establish specialized strategies and membership systems inside beauty salons. Then, it is expected that the customer's behavioral intentions, such as satisfaction, revisit, and continuous use, will increase to new customers through positive word of mouth, recommendations, and introduction. In the follow-up study, we hope that more reliable studies will come out through the segmentation of new and diverse variables that fit the eye level of customers visiting beauty salons by targeting a wide range of regions and age groups to further help the management and operation of beauty salons.

本研究以使用美容院的顾客为研究对象，探索了基于计划行为理论的顾客互动对行为意图的影响，其研究结果对美容院运营和增收起着最关键作用的顾客维持战略制定具有意义。本研究采用非面对面自填式问卷，共收集了756份问卷用于最终分析。针对收集的数据进行了频率分析、探索性因素分析，可信度分析则通过Cronbach’s α系数进行了判断，并通过SPSS22.0程序进行假设验证，对回归分析和媒介效果的确认运用多重回归分析方法进行了分析。分析结果显示，独立变量 “客户关系”和媒介变量“计划行为理论”、从属变量“行为意图”的关系相呈现正相关，计划行为理论的变量都具有部分参数效应。因此，美容院的组织成员需要了解和考虑顾客的个人特点，引导顾客光临美容院。为了在美容院与顾客建立、维持直接、有效的关系，必须对顾客互动给予高度关注，并促进顾客有计划的再访。简言之，为了让美容院的经营和运营最终影响到顾客的行为意图，员工和管理者必须努力与顾客进行1:1的针对性沟通，并在美容院内部建立个性化战略和会员制度。基于上述战略，预计顾客的行为意图——满意度、再访、持续光顾等方面，将通过积极的口传、推荐、介绍等方式持续增加，进而促进新顾客流入。后续研究中，希望通过以更广泛的地区和年龄段为样本，根据美容院顾客的个性化需求，细分新颖、多样的变量，得出更可信的研究结论，以此助力更多美容院的经营和运营。

This study sought to examine the effects of toenail fungus care through the application of IRB-approved blending essential oil. To accomplish this, one drop of the oil was administered daily to 12 individuals aged 40-60, each exhibiting symptoms of toenail fungus. This treatment regimen was repeated six times, with a four-week interval between each application, spanning from April 1 to September 30, 2022. Testee satisfaction was evaluated after each treatment, and the effects were observed using photos and an electron microscope. Satisfaction levels and the severity of Onychomycosis Severity Index (OSI) were assessed through descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA, utilizing SPSS 28.0. The results revealed variations among individuals, but overall, the treatment demonstrated improvements. This suggests that the treatment could be effective for individuals suffering from toenail fungus, especially those who are concerned about adverse drug reactions and drug resistance. Given the abundance of toenail fungus care methods shared on social media and the Internet, the lack of objective data on their effectiveness is notable. Therefore, this study holds significance as it offers objective insights into toenail fungus care.

本研究经IRB批准，分析了混合精油对问题问题性脚趾甲霉菌管理的影响。本研究选取了12位40-60多岁具有脚趾甲霉菌的人员，并于2022年4月1日至9月30日，邀请被试人员分6次，每天涂抹1drop，间隔4周，每次均用照片和电子显微镜进行了拍摄，并附上满意度调查。本研究分析采用了SPSS28.0程序的描述性统计、并使用重复测量分散分析进行了满意度和OSI严重程度评价。研究结果表明，统计数据虽呈现个体差异，但整体上呈现出改善效果，本研究针对那些因药物副作用和耐药性，而恐惧接受治疗的脚趾甲霉菌症状人员提出了有效的方案。目前，SNS和网络已提供一定的脚趾甲霉菌管理方法，但缺乏有关改善效果的客观资料，因此，本研究在此方面具有研究价值。

In the modern society, nail art reflects customers’ change of mood and their acts and preferences in addition to nail aesthetics. Dead skin cells on feet are caused by diverse bacteria and fungi such as dermatophytes. They spread various inflammatory diseases and bad smell. This study attempted to investigate how to handle such dead skin effectively for clean and healthy feet. For this, a questionnaire survey was performed against a total of 50 adult women in their 20-50s in Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do to examine how they deal with dead skin cells on their feet. To figure out an efficient away of handling such dead skin, pedi file and nail drill were used. Then, their satisfaction was comparatively analyzed. They said that they tend to get a pedicure to keep their feet and toenails clean and healthy, especially in summer. When asked what is important in selecting a salon, an employee’s skill and kindness were most responded. When asked how much they know about the pedicure, ‘toenail shaping’ and ‘toenail cutting’ were most responded. In terms of the treatment length and method, they said that a pedicure with nail drill is more effective than a pedicure with pedi files. It is anticipated that the above results would be useful for the growth and development of related industries.

现代的美甲不仅反映了人们对美的追求，还提供了一定的情绪价值、反映了问题改善等行为与消费者偏好。脚部角质由各种细菌及脚气菌等引起，可引发多种炎症性疾病及恶臭。为了解维持清洁健康的脚部角质有效管理方法，本文以釜山、庆南地区的50名20-50多岁的女性为研究对象，以问卷的形式调查了人们对脚部角质管理的认识及实态，并使用美甲锉和磨甲器进行了比较实验，分析了其满意程度。据调查，脚部护理的目的源于，在脚部裸露较多的夏季，人们想要维持脚部的健康和清洁，人们在选择美甲店时主要考虑的因素是职员的专业性和亲切度，足部管理方面，主要进行脚指甲形状与长度的调节。针对脚部管理时间和管理方法而言，磨甲器比美甲锉更加有效。本研究成果将为美甲产业的发展提供基础资料，为其应用型研究提供支持。

Abstract: In order to investigate the need for image-making education required by infant and toddler teachers, this study conducted a survey targeting infant and toddler teachers working at early childhood education institutions located in cities A and B, as well as prospective early childhood teachers enrolled in the early childhood education department of teacher training institutions.. After receiving responses frequency analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were conducted to investigate the need for image-making education required by infant and toddler teachers, and cross-analysis and independent sample t-test were conducted to examine the differences between infant and toddler teachers and prospective early childhood teachers. As a result of the study, the areas of image making education required by infant and toddler teachers were facial expressions and attitudes, followed by image making education for speech, clothing, and communication. As expected effects of image-making education, early childhood teachers showed a high improvement in interpersonal skills and self-esteem, and prospective early childhood teachers showed high improvement in interpersonal skills and professionalism. This study suggests that image-making education for infant and toddler teachers is necessary. In addition, it is meaningful in providing basic data in the development of programs for image-making education that teachers engaged in the teaching profession, including infant and toddler teachers, must have.

本研究旨在于了解婴幼儿教师形象塑造教育的必要性，本文以A市和B市幼儿教育机构婴幼儿教师、教师培训机构幼儿教育专业预备幼儿教师为研究对象进行了问卷调查。为分析婴幼儿教师形象塑造教育的必要性，进行了频率分析和描述性统计分析，为考察婴幼儿教师与预备幼儿教师之间的差异，进行了交叉分析和独立样本t检验。研究结果显示，婴幼儿教师形象塑造教育领域方面，表情、态度最为必要，其次为说话方式、着装、沟通。针对形象塑造教育所达到的效果而言，婴幼儿教师的人际关系能力与自我尊重感提升最为必要，预备幼儿教师的人际关系能力与专业性提升最为必要。本研究基于婴幼儿教师形象塑造教育的领域及其必要性相关调查结果，分析了婴幼儿教师形象塑造教育的必要性。另外，本研究对婴幼儿教师等从事教育行业的教师形象塑造教育项目开发方面，提供了基础研究资料。

In this study, employees of domestic small and medium-sized incense burner manufacturing companies that obtained ISO 14001 environmental management EMS standard system certification were surveyed, and the survey period was conducted for two months from October 15, 2023 to December 15, 2023. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed and a total of 75 copies were used as final analysis data, excluding unfaithful answers, lost and damaged questionnaires. As a result of the analysis of this study, it was discovered that domestic small and medium-sized home market manufacturers have already introduced and operated the ISO 14001 environmental management EMS standard system or are preparing to introduce it due to rapid environmental changes and improvements at home and abroad, Through the introduction and operation of the ISO 14001 environmental management EMS standard system, it was discovered that domestic SMEs have already formed and spread a consensus on the need for an environmental impact assessment and a proactive management and evaluation system for dangerous substances.

本研究以已获ISO14001环境经营EMS标准体系认证的国内中小化妆品制造企业从业人员为调查对象，并限定其样本进行了研究，调查时间为2023年10月15日-2023年12月15日，为期2个月，共发放问卷150份，剔除不诚实回答及丢失、损坏的问卷，共搜集75份问卷作为最终分析数据。研究结果显示，随着国际竞争力的加强和出口贸易壁垒的解除，国内中小化妆品制造企业为应对骤变的国内外环境并做出积极改善，已引进ISO 14001环境管理EMS标准系统或正在准备引进。通过引进及运营ISO 14001环境管理EMS标准系统，企业内部已经达成了对环境影响评价和危险物质的事前预防管理及评价系统的必要性共识，正处于积极扩散的状态。

This study intends to express creative hairstyles incorporating various tattoos. Specialized books, related literature, papers, and prior research were reviewed. Volcanic activity, continental distribution change leading to earthquakes, and atmospheric pressure change, including typhoons, were selected as themes related to abnormal climates. Illustrations were designed using men's styles, tattoos, colors, and a total of six works were produced. Earthquakes are an indirect mimesis type and are expressed as metaphors, Earthquake I is expressed as hair, and EarthquakeⅡ is expressed as a topographic formation with assymetric cracking. Typhoons are direct mimesis types and are expressed as imitatives. Typhoon I was placed on the right side of the occipital region and Typhoon II was placed in the center of the occipital region to make it spiral. Volcano I produced volcanic eruptions using three-stranded braids and a top knot. Volcano II transformed and distorted the volcano and expressed the lava flow in waves. By creating hair tattoos using makeup, this study endeavored to recognize the positive interest in original hair tattoos applying expressive techniques. various materials, and the ongoing climate change crisis. In addition, a high interest and positive response to the diversity of the subject of the works is expected.

本研究旨在结合多种发型设计，制作呈现创意男性发型作品。本研究针对相关专业书籍、文献、论文及前期研究成果进行了考察，并选定气候变化和异常气候因素中的火山活动、大陆分布变化、气压分布变化为主题进行了发型设计。本研究运用男性发型、纹身、发色设计了6部插图，共制作了6部作品。地震用间接拟态类型隐喻所表示，地震Ⅰ是将地震的分裂制作成短发，地震Ⅱ是以由地壳变动所形成的新的地形和分裂为主题，设计制作了不对称颜色。台风则模仿台风的眼睛，以直接拟态类型模仿性所表示。本研究将台风中心放置在头部右侧，将台风Ⅱ放置在头部中央，设计成螺旋状。火山则表现为多元拟态类型的变形性、扭曲性和混合性。火山Ⅰ是将火山爆发表现为三股辫以及捆绑在塔点的塔镰两种方法制作而成。 火山Ⅱ将头形用火山变形、扭曲，熔岩流淌的波浪所表现。本研究基于化妆材料，制作了男性发型纹身作品，其目的在于通过多种材料、表现技法的独创性男性发型纹身作品的设计，提升人们对发型纹身的积极认识，并意识到全球气候变化危机。期待今后学界对美妆作品主题多样性的高度关注与正向反馈。

This study aimed to examine how motives for watching beauty shortforms influence on participation needs and behavioral intentions against Generation MZ. The collected data were analyzed, using SPSS 27.0. Frequency analysis was performed for the analysis of general characteristics. Additionally, exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha were utilized for validity and reliability testing, respectively. Research methods included correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results revealed the following: First, motives for watching beauty shortforms had an impact on playfulness, interaction and informativity across all participation needs (cognitive needs, behavioral needs, affective needs). Second, motives for watching shortforms also demonstrated a significant effect on behavioral intention. Furthermore, all participation needs were found to exert a significant influence on behavioral intention.

本研究以MZ一代为对象，研究了美妆短视频观看动机对参与欲望和行为意图的影响，资料分析使用了SPSS 27.0统计程序。 针对一般特性进行了频率分析，可靠性验证运用探索性因素分析，信度分析使用克隆巴赫系数，本文研究方法运用相关分析和多元回归分析。 研究结果为如下：第一，美妆短视频观看动机对参与欲望（认知欲望、行为欲望、正义欲望）因素都会影响其娱乐性、相互作用、信息性因素。其次，短视频观看动机对行为意图具有显著影响，短视频参与欲望对行为意图的影响包括认知、行为、正义欲望。

This study aimed to examine the asset-building strategies employed by retired elderly individuals in South Korea and explore how these strategies relate to elderly poverty. To achieve this, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 150 senior citizens aged 65 or older, drawn from three elderly welfare centers across 2 regions. Among the respondents, 101 had retired early, with 73 of them opting for voluntary resignation. Within this subset, 48 individuals demonstrated late-life preparedness and asset building. Regarding asset accumulation, ‘real estate’ emerged as the largest category, followed by ‘pension’ and ‘savings account (deposit)’. This suggests that financial assets are no longer the predominant form of late-life assets. Furthermore, public pension has not yet significantly contributed to the asset accumulation of these individuals. Therefore, the results indicate that if retired elderly individuals prioritize the acquisition of fixed assets, it could impact their income polarization and relatively poverty rates.

本研究调查了我国退休高龄者资产形成的过程和内容，探索分析了这种资产形成过程与老年贫困之间的关联性。 本研究以2个地区的3个老人福利馆的150名65岁以上高龄者为研究对象进行了问卷调查。研究结果显示，101名调查对象提前退休，其中选择自愿退休的有73名，其中，共有48人进行了养老准备及资产形成，从资产形成内容来看，拥有房地产的最多，其后依次为年金和储蓄（存款），这意味着金融资产不再被认为是老年资产，公共年金还未对老年资产的形成做出贡献。另外，这也预示着若今后退休高龄者的资产形成过程更集中于固定资产，可能会造成高龄者收入两极化现象或对相对贫困率的上升也会产生一定的影响。

Based on the results of analysis on the antioxidant effects of glutathione, there have been studies on its diverse effects on human body. Some studies have also examined its functions such as liver function improvement & detoxification, immunity enhancement, NK cell & T-cell generation, anti-virus effects and anticancer effects. Recently, in addition to the pharmacological effects of glutathione, its effects on human skin have been investigated. While there have been studies on its effectiveness on human skin and its brightening effects through cell experiments and dietary treatments, it has been difficult to find a study on clinical trials after the use of glutathione-containing cosmetics. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate the effects of glutathione on skin pigmentation through clinical trials. For this, a double-blind test was performed against a total of 24 testees (12 persons each for experimental and control groups). Three different glutathione-free cosmetics and 3 different cosmetics containing 3% glutathione were applied to the control and experimental groups respectively twice a day in the morning and in the evening over 6 weeks. Then, skin conditions before and after the use of the cosmetics such as pores, wrinkles, skin coarseness, UV pigmentation, flushing and brightness were examined. The control group revealed no statistically significant change in pores, wrinkles, skin coarseness, UV pigmentation, flushing, brightness and skin moisture. In contrast, decrease in UV pigmentation and increase in skin bright were found in the experimental group with statistical significance even though no statistically significant changes were observed in pores, wrinkles, skin coarseness, flushing and skin moisture. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that glutathione is valuable as a whitening cosmetic ingredient which can enhance skin tone by reducing the skin pigmentation index.

据调查，目前多数研究基于谷胱甘肽抗氧化作用，对其多种人体功效开展了调研，谷胱甘肽有利于改善肝功能和解毒、增加免疫力、具有NK细胞和T细胞生成效果、在抗病毒、抗癌等方面均有功效。除了谷胱甘肽的药理作用，其对皮肤效果的研究也层出不穷，研究发现，针对谷胱甘肽的皮肤有效性评价，诸多研究通过细胞实验和饮食实验法对皮肤美白效果进行了调查，然而，将谷胱甘肽成分应用于人体皮肤的化妆品临床实验研究却微乎其微。因此，本研究通过化妆品临床试验，研究了谷胱甘肽成分对皮肤色素沉淀的效果。化妆品临床试验选取了24名研究对象，对照组12名，实验组12名，并采用双盲法进行实验。对照组使用了3种未添加谷胱甘肽的化妆品，实验组则使用3种添加谷胱甘肽的化妆品，每天早晚各使用2次，连续使用6周，然后分析了不同人群使用不同化妆品前后的毛孔、皱纹、皮肤粗糙度、UV色素沉淀、泛红、皮肤亮度、水分的皮肤状态变化。分析发现，对照组的毛孔、皱纹、皮肤粗糙度、UV色素沉淀、泛红、皮肤亮度、水分无明显变化；实验组的毛孔指数、皱纹指数、皮肤粗糙度、红润度、水分未呈现出统计学上的显著变化，但UV色素沉淀指数降低，皮肤亮度指数增加，具有统计学上的显著变化。因此，可推断，谷胱甘肽化妆品成分可减少皮肤色素沉淀指数，有助于提亮肤色，具有作为美白化妆品原料的应用价值。