Earticle

This study was intended to examine how college students vary in the perception of the importance of health, quality of life, and health actions depending on their general characteristics and health behaviors and how these variables are related to one another. Participants of the study were students of a junior college. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows. The surveyed students’ perception of health and health concerns were all variables that allowed for significant differences in the awareness of the importance of health, quality of life, and health actions. Those who had a higher perception of health and health concerns turned out to be highly more aware of the importance of health, quality of life, and health action. Similarly, this research found, there were positive correlations between the participants’ recognition of the importance of health, their quality of life, and health actions. There was also a positive correlation between their quality of life and health action. Having the biggest effect on college students’ health actions were the quality of life, followed by the recognition of the importance of health. Those two variables or factors accounted for 57.2% of that health actions.

本研究为了了解大学生一般特性及健康状态给健康意识、生活质量、健康行为带来哪些差异，并确认研究 变量之间的关系，以专科大学大学生为对象进行了调查研究。研究结果显示，认知健康状况、健康关注度等 健康相关特性对健康意识、生活质量、健康行为都产生了影响。尤其，对健康状态的认知度和关注度越高， 对健康意识、生活质量、健康行为的理解度就越高，而且健康意识和生活质量、健康行为之间有着正向相关 关系，生活质量和健康行为也有着正向相关关系。另外，影响大学生健康行为的影响因素排序依次为生活质 量、健康意识，这一结论的可信度百分比为57.2%。

The human brain has the ability to learn things through language and recognize and make a decision by reason and memorizing, along with having the ability to learn from objects. Recently, all industrial sectors started to become interested in how the human brain functions. In addition, people from many different occupations including scientists, planners, educators, and designers began to ask questions about how things are processed in the brain. Even if an era where humans are ruled by machines comes, with the growth and development of information and communication technologies, making such machines and providing information starts in the human brain. The concept of ‘beauty’ can vary. You can perceive that someone looks beautiful because your brain thinks that way. The human brain assesses aesthetics via face and body shape and interprets the information and visually sends the meaning. In the modern cosmetology industry, consumers started to have ‘their own design’, which makes them different from others. This study attempted to investigate people’s preferences for customized hair consulting services and provide basic data, which is needed to develop tailored consulting strategies by personalizing haircut styles and enhancing hairdressers’ values. Previous studies were used for consulting on haircut images. This study targeted offering aesthetics through hairstyling by reinterpreting the meaning of customization, focusing on ‘personalization’ and ‘customer participation’ and providing hairstyles with convenience in aesthetics, increasing self-esteem from hairstyles, and simplicity in innovative design. This study aims to establish the grounds which could have a positive influence on the growth and development of the hairstyling industry based on the results of the analysis on the necessity of experts and consumers for the development of a customized haircut consulting manual, which draws co-participation from both hairdressers and customers. Provided that if design perfection is enhanced through such haircut consulting, customer satisfaction based on the necessity of logical consulting data through a combination of experts’ implicit knowledge and skills after reflecting consumers’ opinions can be increased. It is anticipated that the value of a hairstylist’s job will further increase as it is a sphere that cannot be replaced by artificial intelligence. In the hair industry consulting could become a positive social concept.

人的大脑作为人体的一部分，其功能是通过学习语言形成对事物的想法和记忆，并通过学习形成认知以及 判断能力。最近，所有产业都开始十分关注大脑的运行方式，而且包括科学家、规划师、教育家、设计师等 在内的各领域专家学者们业都对大脑处理信息的方法产生了浓厚的兴趣。随着信息通讯技术的发展，即便迎 来机器支配世界的那一天，但机器的制作以及在机器中安装的信息芯片这些都离不开人脑。根据每个人的审 美标准，对‘美丽(Beauty)’形象的看法也各不相同。人之所以从视觉上产生审美感知，是因为大脑作出美的判 断。我们的大脑通过分析脸部以及身体形状，作出对美的评价和解释，然后把作出的判断发到视觉神经上。 现代美容产业中消费者的消费倾发生了变化，越来越多的消费者开始追求不同于他人且‘专属于自己的造型’。 本研究目的在于通过调查个性化美发咨询满意度，进行个性化发型设计，提高发型设计师价值，开发为顾客 量身定制的咨询服务。本文对前期研究成果进行梳理，用作剪发造型咨询服务的基础性资料。本文围绕‘个性 化’和‘顾客参与’这两大现代社会的消费心理话题，从美容实践的角度重新阐释个性化概念，旨在为顾客提供 富有美感、简练方便、令他人向往的发型设计，使顾客提升对发型的自信，同时赋予发型创新价值。另一方 面，通过研究专家和消费者需求差异，引导发型设计师和顾客的共同参与，开发个性化美发咨询指南，为今 后美容产业发展奠定坚实的基础。笔者认为，如果积极反映消费者的意见，结合专家的经验和技术，并依据 富有逻辑性的咨询资料，满足顾客对美的追求，通过美发咨询不断完善发型设计，那么即便迎来AI时代，发 型设计师的职业也不会面临被机器所取代的局面，反而会提升发型设计师的职业价值，同时有望在美发领域 逐渐形成美发咨询服务这一新的服务概念。

Companies are concentrating on brand image enhancement in order to differentiate their products. For consumers, brand image is also an important criterion for purchasing products. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between brand image and perception value, and customer satisfaction in high and low cost beauty shop users. Study subjects were 96 customers of 2 high cost beauty shops, and 85 customers of 2 low cost beauty shops located in Suncheon City, South Jeolla Province. This study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires about symbolic brand image, functional brand image, perception value, and customer satisfaction. The symbolic and functional image scores of high cost beauty shop users were 3.9±0.6 and 3.9±0.6, which were higher than 3.4±0.4 and 3.5±0.4 of low cost beauty shop users, respectively (p<.001). The perception value score was 3.8±0.7 for high cost beauty shop users, which was higher than 3.5±0.6 for low cost beauty shop users (p=.014). Customer satisfaction of high cost beauty shop users was 4.0±0.7, which was higher than 3.8±0.6 of low cost beauty shop users (p=.014). As a result of multiple regression analysis, the higher the scores of symbolic image, functional image, and perception value, the higher customer satisfaction was in high cost beauty shop users (p<.05). In the case of low cost beauty shop users, customer satisfaction was high when functional image was high (p<.05). If the technology education and system improvement are focused on quality, price, service and convenience, which are items of functional brand image, it can be expected that the beauty shop of low cost brand franchise will also increase the customer satisfaction.

作为产品差异化战略，企业都在为提升品牌形象而努力，同时企业的品牌形象成为消费者作出购买选择的 重要依据。本研究目的在于确认高端品牌和低端品牌美发店顾客的品牌形象和感知价值的顾客满意度之间的 关联性。为此，分别选定全南顺天市2处高端品牌美发店和2处低端品牌美发店，并以高端品牌美发店91名顾 客和低端品牌美发店85名顾客为对象，就象征性品牌形象、功能性品牌形象、感知价值、顾客满意度进行了 问卷调查。高端品牌美发店的顾客在象征性品牌形象和功能性品牌形象方面的分数高于低端品牌美发店的顾 客(p<.001)；在感知价值方面，高端品牌美发店顾客的分数略高于低端品牌美发店顾客(p=.014)，两者分数分 别为3.8±0.7分和3.5±0.6分；在顾客满意度方面，高端品牌美发店顾客的分数同样高于低端品牌美发店顾客 (p=.014)，两者分数分别为4.0±0.7分和3.8±0.6分。多重回归分析结果显示，高端品牌用户的象征性品牌形象 (p<.001)和功能性品牌形象(p=.044)以及感知价值(p=.005)越高，其顾客满意度就越高，而低端品牌用户则在 功能性品牌形象高的时候，其顾客满意度较高(p=.037)。鉴于此，改善以功能性品牌形象要素品质、价格、 服务、便利性为中心的技术培训及系统，将提升低端品牌连锁美发店的顾客满意度。

National Competency Standards (NCS) are a set of knowledge, skills, and literacy required to perform jobs in industrial fields which have been systemized according to industry sectors and competency levels by the Korean government and standardized at the national level. The aim of this study was to assess the level of satisfaction with the NCS-based curriculum among college students majoring in cosmetology. A survey was conducted with a self-administered questionnaire on the NCS-based curriculum from May to July 2019 among a total of 194 students attending three beauty colleges in Busan, Korea. The collected data were analyzed using the SAS 9.4 program by conducting frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The satisfaction scores of the respondents for the contents of the NCS-based curriculum were 4.0±0.8 points, and the satisfaction scores for educational performance evaluation were 4.0±0.7 points. Regarding the factors influencing satisfaction levels for the NCS-based curriculum, the NCS-based curriculum was found to contribute to practical competency and field adaptation in the students majoring in hair among subcategories of cosmetology (p<0.05). In order to enhance satisfaction with the NCS-based curriculum in college students majoring in cosmetology, systematic curriculum contents for practical education are required. In addition, it is also necessary to explore and implement measures to improve the level of satisfaction with NCS-based curriculum in students majoring in skincare, makeup, and nail art as well as those majoring in hair.

NCS(国家职务能力标准)是由国家对履行产业现场职务所需的知识、技术、态度等内容，按照不同产 业领域以及不同水平制定的系统性标准。本研究是为了调查美容专业大学生对NCS教育课程的满意 度。为此，从2019年5月至7月期间，以3所釜山美容专科大学的194名在校大学生为对象，对NCS教育 课程进行了自填式问卷调查。对于收集的资料，使用SAS 9.4软件进行了频度分析、t-tesx、一元分 散分析、多重回归分析。问卷调查结果显示，对NCS教育课程授课内容的满意度分数为4.0±0.8，对教 育成果评价的满意度分数为4.0±0.7，而在影响NCS教育课程满意度的具体项目中，对提高实操能力及 现场适应有所帮助时，参与问卷调查的美发专业学生对课程满意度较高(p<.05)。鉴于此，为了提高美 发专业学生对NCS教育课程的满意度，应完善以实操教育为中心的授课内容。另外，还应该研究制定提 高皮肤和化妆专业、美甲专业学生NCS教育课程满意度的相关方案。

The purpose of this study is to clearly clarify the relationship between narcissism and skin care behaviors, and to provide important basic information that enables us to have a correct narcissistic orientation in the psychological aspect of skin care behaviors of modern people. As a research method to achieve the purpose of this study, the influence relationship was examined with the structural equation model between the narcissistic tendency and the skin care behavior variable as a mediating variable of skin condition perception. As a result of this study, it was found that the mediating effect of skin care perception appeared in the relationship, as well as the relationship between internal and external narcissistic factors and mediators, and skin health care attitudes, knowledge, and education among the narcissistic factors. The conclusions examined through the above research results could be judged that the intrinsic and external self-love tendency acts as an active incentive for skin care behavior (skin health care attitude, knowledge, education). In addition, it is judged to take more active skin care actions when skin care awareness is increased. As an implication for this, the implications for implementing skin care behaviors and the incongruity of internal/external narcissism tend to be discovered early and preventive management by approaching skin care attitude, knowledge, and education appropriately and in a balanced manner. It presented the need to do. Finally, suggestions for future tasks were presented.

本研究的目的是明确自爱倾向和皮肤管理行为之间的影响关系，从而从现代人的皮肤管理行为心理学层面 提供形成正确自爱倾向的基础信息。为达成这一研究目，以认识皮肤状态为媒介变量，构建自爱倾向和皮肤 管理行动变量之间的结构方程式模型，考察了两者之间的影响关系。研究结果显示，不仅自爱倾向因素中内 显性·外显性自爱因素和媒介变量以及皮肤健康管理态度、知识、教育之间的关系，而且在这一关系中认识皮 肤状态呈现出媒介效应。通过研究，可以得出的结论是内显性·外显性自爱倾向对皮肤管理行为（肤健康管理 态度、知识、教育）产生积极的诱导作用。与此同时，随着皮肤管理意识的增强，皮肤管理行为变得更为积 极。鉴于这样的研究结果，有必要平衡皮肤健康管理态度、知识、教育等皮肤管理行为，及时发现皮肤管理 行为和内显性·外显性自爱倾向不协调问题。最后，对今后的研究课题提出一些建议。

This study attempted to investigate correlations between brand personality, brand emotion, and communication effects perceived by users toward beauty creators. For this, a questionnaire was performed among 850 users who watched videos from beauty creators from May 1 to August 31, 2019. A total of 699 responses were used for final analysis, and the results found the following: first, brand personality had a positive influence on brand emotion (β=.379, p<0.001) and communication effects (β=.424, p<0.001). When considering brand personality and communication effects, brand emotion revealed a direct and positive influence. Therefore, a positive emotion toward the beauty creator generates high cognition and interest in their videos and establishes product trust, which in turn evolves into loyal customers, exceeding purchase behavior and word-of-mouth effects. Therefore, if beauty creators keep developing high-quality content while preparing diverse plans which can increase domestic and foreign access, such contents can be useful in preparing strategic elements in the domestic beauty industry by bringing about a revitalization of K-beauty. It appears that this data could be used in planning business management strategies, such as differentiation and competitiveness improvements.

本文研究目的在于明确用户所了解的美容博主的品牌个性、品牌情感和沟通效果之间的关系。在2019年5月 1日至8月31日期间，以观看视频的850名用户为对象实施了问卷调查，其中51份为无法用作样本的问卷，因此 把剩下的799分问卷用作最终分析材料。经分析，研究结果如下。品牌个性对品牌情感(β=.379, p<0.001)和沟 通效果产生了积极的影响，而品牌情感在品牌个性和沟通效果之间产生直接而积极的影响。由此可以得出的 结论是对美容博主肯定的情感会引发对视频较高的认同感和兴趣，从而对所介绍的产品感兴趣并产生信任。 用户的这种心理变化不仅能够转化为购买行为，而且还能产生口碑效益，使用户称为博主的忠实顾客。因 此，如果美容博主能够持续开发富有个性的优质内容，并积极探索可提高国内外用户覆盖面的方法，那么不 仅能够拉动国内美容产业发展，而且还能掀起一股全新的韩国美容热潮，为国内美容产业战略性部署提供重 要参考，同时企业在培养差异化竞争力等制定经营战略时可用作基础性资料。

The objective of this study is to apply simple geometric lines, the characteristics of minimalism, and elements of haircut design to procedure haircut designs simplifying complex procedures, such as section and the use of a base. Moreover, this study aims to create a manual that could objectively establish the haircut design process that could be utilized as basic educational material presenting various haircut designs. As for the research methods used in this study, after setting up the outline for the lengths of E and P, which are suitable for each design, On the Base and Off the Base were utilized. By repetitively using the horizontal and vertical sectioning, a total of two long-hair designs and two medium-hair designs were produced. As for the results of this study, the heaviness of the horizontal line of Under Zone was represented, and the lesser value of the heaviness of the vertical line of Middle Zone & Over Zone were represented. Works 1 & 2 were represented in the form of a straight line, and works 3 & 4 were represented in the form of a curved line. This study objectified and materialized the process by combining the formative elements of geometry and minimalism, while also applying the minimalization of sectioning and the repetitive use of a base. Also, this study suggested the creative ability to adjust the haircut design, the ease of analyzing the haircut design with respect to the adjustment of the base, sectioning, and angles, and the possibility to represent the haircut design more fully.

本研究目的在于利用几何学单纯线条、简约主义特性和剪发设计实操要素，简化复杂的分区和发片操作， 把几何学线条融入发型设计中，继而制作明确发型设计客观流程的手册，并将其用作开发或表现各种发型设 计的基础教育资料。在研究方法，先是把整体轮廓线设定为符合各类设计的E.P长度，然后采用On the Base 和Off the Base。在分区方式上，反复使用水平分区（Horizontal section）和垂直分区（Vertical sectio n），分别制作两个长发发型作品和2个中长度发型作品。研究结果显示，Under Zone的水平线呈现较重的重 量感，Middle Zone和Over Zone的垂直线呈现较轻的重量感。另外，作品1和2是以直线形式设计的发型，而 作品3和4则是以曲线形式设计的发型。本研究把几何学和简约主义造型要素结合起来，尽量减少分区，反复 进行发片，把剪发流程进行客观化和具体化。另外，通过调整发型设计计划的创意能力，结合发片和分区以 及角度调整，不仅可以便于分析发型设计，而且还有助于发型设计再现可能性。

This study investigated the purposes and psychological changes before and after aesthetic care by demographic characteristics (age, education, main income, average monthly income) among elderly people, and the results found the following: First, in terms of perception and awareness of psychological changes before and after aesthetic care by age, ‘60-64’ was more pronounced than ‘65 or older’. Concerning the purposes of aesthetic care based on educational background, some differences were found in ‘to go out or meet someone’, ‘for a change’, ‘interest in the opposite sex’, and ‘reduction of stress’. The perception and psychological changes before and after aesthetic care were higher in the less educated. In terms of the purposes of aesthetic care based on main income, the perception of aesthetic care was high when the respondents had a job. However, positive psychological changes were found after aesthetic care regardless of main income. Furthermore, even though no particular difference was observed in the general purposes of aesthetic care by average monthly income, and the respondents revealed a high interest in aesthetic care. The purposes of aesthetic care revealed some differences by age, education, main income, average monthly income, occupation and purpose (e.g., going out, meeting someone, for a change, self-satisfaction, social life, reduction of stress, etc.), but elderly people (age 75 or even older) tend to have aesthetic care. After such aesthetic care, they experienced positive psychological changes.

根据人口统计学特征（年龄、学历、主要收入、月收入），考察高龄者的美容目的及美容前后心理变化， 得出如下结论。首先，在年龄这一人口统计学特征方面，相比65岁以上高龄者，60~64岁老人的美容意识以及 对美容前后的心理变化认知度也更高。其次，在外出应酬、转换心情、赢得异性好感、缓解压力等美容目的 选项上，不同学历的高龄者呈现出差异，具体表现为学历越低，美容意识越高，而且美容前后的心理呈现积 极变化。第三，在主要收入方面，从事职业活动的高龄者，对美容目的较为明确，但在美容前后的心理变化 方面，与主要收入无关，都呈现出积极的变化。第四，月收入上的差异，在美容目的方面并没有呈现明显的 差异，换取话说，与月收入高低无关，高龄者对美容目的都表现出较高的兴趣。由此可知，高龄人口的美容 目的，根据年龄、学历、主要收入、月收入等人口统计学特征，在职场、外出、聚会、转换心情、自我满 足、社会生活、缓解压力等选项上呈现一定的差异，但直到75岁以上都在坚持美容，而且美容后都呈现出积 极的心理变化。

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of middle and high school girls' cremation behavior on self-efficacy and friendship. For this purpose, cremation behavior was set as an independent variable, self-efficacy as a parameter, and friendship was set as a dependent variable. This study was conducted from June 10 to July 20, 2020, on 300 female students attending Chungcheong-do middle and high schools. The statistical program of Window SPS 21.0 was used for data analysis, frequency analysis was performed to identify the general characteristics of the study subjects, and the Cronbach's α coefficient was used to verify the reliability of the measurement tools. Technical statistical analysis was performed for the average and standard deviation of variables, and linear regression analysis and three-stage mediated regression analysis was performed to verify the hypothesis. First of all, the study found that cremation behavior has a positive effect on self-regulation efficiency and persistence, which are lower variables of self-efficacy. Second, makeup behavior has been shown to have a positive effect on friendship. Third, an analysis of the effect of self-efficacy on friendship showed that it had a positive effect on the relationship. Fourth, self-regulating efficacy, persistence, which is a sub-factor of self-efficacy, has a partial mediating effect, and confidence has a full mediating effect. The results of the study showed that the makeup of middle and high school girls plays an important role in forming relationships in peer groups, and has a positive impact on psychological stability, healthy self-building, and self-confidence. Based on research results reflecting the environmental characteristics of female students by expanding the number of middle and high school girls nationwide, it is believed that there is a need to develop and operate programs for the curriculum for the education of cremation methods as a way to improve self-efficacy and maintain the closeness of friendship.

本研究的目的在于了解初高中女学生的化妆行为对自我效能感以及交友关系产生的影响。为此，把化妆行为、自 我效能感和交友关系分别设定为自变量、参变量、应变量，从2020年6月10日至7月20日期间，以忠清道初高中300 名在校女学生为对象进行了问卷调查。资料分析使用的是Window SPSS 21.0统计软件，为了掌握研究对象 的一般特性进行了频度分析，同时为了验证测量工具的可信度，使用了Cronbach’s α系数。另外，为 了变量的平均偏差和标准偏差，实施了技术统计分析；为了假设检验，进行了线性回归分析和三阶段 媒介回归分析。经研究分析，得出的结论如下。第一，化妆行为对自我效能感的子变量自信心、自我 调节效能感、目标持续性产生正向(+)影响。第二，化妆行为对交友关系产生正向(+)影响。第三，经 分析，自我效能感对交友关系产生正向(+)影响。第四，自我效能感的子变量自我调节效能感、目标 持续性对具有部分媒介效应的自信心呈现正向媒介效应。另外，通过研究得知，初高中女学生的化妆 行为不仅在同龄群体中的交友关系方面发挥重要作用，而且对心理稳定、形成健康自我以及提高自信 心方面也产生积极影响。鉴于此，今后有必要把研究范围扩大至全国的初高中女学生，并基于反映女 学生环境特性的研究成果，开发并运营可提高自我效能感以及维持亲密交友关系的化妆教育课程软 件。

This study attempted to investigate the influence of aesthetic labor on emotional responses, service values, and trust in the cosmetology service industry. For this, a survey was performed among 800 customers who used cosmetology services from July 1 to September 7, 2019, and the results found the following: First, aesthetic labor had a positive influence on emotional responses. It also revealed a direct and positive effect on service values that the customers perceived. Furthermore, aesthetic labor showed a positive influence on customer trust. Therefore, it is anticipated that the development of diverse plans and practical training programs designed to enhance the positive influence of aesthetic labor on the customers’ emotional responses, service values, and trust would improve the customers’ repurchase and revisit intention.

本研究的目的在于阐明美容服务产业的审美劳动对情感反应和服务价值以及信任产生的影响。为此，以接 受过美容服务的800名顾客为对象，在2019年7月1日至9月7日期间实施了问卷调查。由于回收的调查表中6份 为无效样本，因此把794份用作最终分析资料。经研究，得出如下结论。审美劳动对顾客情感反应产生积极影 响，并对顾客感知的服务价值产生的直接而正向影响。另外，审美劳动对顾客的美容服务信赖度也具有积极 影响。因此，研究为顾客的情感反应和服务价值以及信任产生积极影响的审美劳动方案，开发切实可用的教 育项目，将有助于提高顾客的再次购买意愿以及再次光顾意愿。另外，不仅可以在提高美容服务从业者服务 水平以及提升顾客购买意愿的营销领域提供可供参考的战略要素，而且还可以在确保差异化竞争力以及制定 经营战略方面用作基础性资料。

This study attempted to investigate the influence of preferred fashion images on hair color/brightness. For this, a survey was performed among young women in their 20s living in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Wonju, Gangwon-do from May 10 to June 10, 2020. A total of 202 responses were used for the final analysis. The collected data was analyzed by t-test, χ2 (chi-square), multivariate analysis, Duncan’s post-hoc test, and regression analysis, using SPSS WIN 21.0, and the results found the followings: The respondents preferred natural/active fashion images. In terms of fashion images and hair color preferences, a romantic elegant fashion image revealed statistically significant differences in ash gray, matte, yellow, orange, red, violet, and blue colors(p<0.05). In addition, classic modern, mannish, and ethnic fashion images revealed a difference in preference to average images(p<0.01). Furthermore, according to an analysis of economic situations (monthly allowance) and preference in fashion images, mannish/ethnic fashion images revealed a statistically significant difference in average preference(p<0.05). Concerning preference for hair brightness by fashion image, modern/mannish fashion images revealed a statistically significant influence on preferences for dark brown(p<0.001). Furthermore, it was ‘natural fashion image’ only that had a statistically significant effect (p<0.01) on preferences for bright brown color. Moreover, modern, ethnic, romantic and elegance fashion images have affected preferences to yellowish-brown color with statistical significance(p<0.001). This study has found that romantic, modern, and elegant fashion images have an influence on preferences for bright yellowish-brown color (p<0.001) while ethnic and active fashion images revealed a statistically significant effect on preferences for very bright blonde colors(p<0.01).

本研究调查20多女性的时装造型偏好度，并分析偏好的时装造型对头发颜色和亮度产生的影响，得出如下结 论。为了了解时装造型对头发亮度的影响，通过因素分析，把时装造型因素划分为经典摩登时装、动感自然 时装、中性民族风时装、优雅浪漫时装。通过分散分析时装造型和头发颜色之间的关系以及考察不同头发颜 色偏好度对时装造型的影响，发现只有动感自然时装没有对头发亮度产生影响。优雅浪漫时装中浅灰色系 列、哑光系列、黄色系列、橙色系列、红色系列、紫色系列、蓝色系列在平均偏好度上呈现出差异(p<0.0 5)，而经典摩登时装和中性民族风时装的不同系列也在平均偏好度上呈现出差异(p<0.01)。另外，通过分散 分析时装造型和经济状况（每月零花钱）之间的关系以及考察每月零花钱金额的不同对时装造型偏好度的影 响，中性民族风时装在时装偏好度上呈现出差异(p<0.05)。此外，对通过因素分析划分的时装造型因素进行 了阶段性回归分析。分析结果显示，在统计层面摩登时装、中性时装对深褐色亮度偏好度产生较为明显的影 响(p<0.001)，而且是对深褐色影响（93%可信度）较大的变量。只有自然时装，在统计层面对亮褐色亮度偏 好度产生较为明显的影响(p<0.01)，而且作为影响亮褐色的变量，其可信度百分比为41%。另外，摩登时 装、民族风时装、浪漫时装、优雅时装对黄褐色亮度偏好度产生较为明显的影响(p<0.001)。具体来说，浪漫 时装、摩登时装、优雅时装对亮黄褐色亮度偏好度产生影响(p<0.001)，民族风时装和动感时装则对亮金色亮 度产生影响(p<0.01)。

This study was conducted to find the effects of social and psychological expectations on the makeup behavior of middle and high school girls who were growing into prospective adults. The research was based on prior studies of the social roles and social behaviors that are actively expressed, not as a means to improve their appearance, or self-respect through makeup behavior. The survey was conducted on 300 middle and high school girls, and the technical statistics, correlation, and linear regression analysis were implemented using the SPSS WIN 21.0 program. The results and contents of the study are as follows: First, the higher the social and psychological expected effect, the higher the sense of self-respect. Second, the higher the social and psychological expected effect, the more enjoyable the change is due to subjective makeup behavior. Third, the higher the sense of self-respect, the more fashionable the makeup behavior is. Girls' high school students have high expectations for makeup, and due to the higher expectations, they more actively take makeup actions, and the higher self-respect, the more they show their individuality and make up for their shortcomings. With in-depth research that takes into account the personal characteristics of female middle and high school students, the older generation is the basic data for understanding the culture of female middle and high school students as well as a basis for understanding the psychology of female middle and high school students.

梳理前期研究成果得出的结论是‘化妆不是单纯打扮外表的手段，而是扮演社会作用以及积极表现自我的社 会行为’。本文目的是基于前期研究成果，了解即将成年的初高中女生对化妆的社会心理预期效果给自尊感以 及化妆行为产生的影响。为此，以300名初高中女生为对象进行了问卷调查，并利用SPSS WIN 21.0软件，进 行了技术统计分析、相关关系分析以及线性回归分析。经分析研究，得出如下结论。第一，社会心理预期效 果越高，自尊感就越高。第二，社会心理预期效果越高，通过能动的化妆行为，可获得的变化乐趣更高。第 三，自尊感越高，引导流行的化妆行为越明显。换句话说，一方面初高中女生对化妆的期待心理较高，这种 期待越高，就能越激发更加积极的化妆行为；另一方面自尊感越高，越会通过时尚流行的化妆方法，呈现个 性、弥补缺点，同时通过化妆行为，转换心情。今后，有必要基于初高中女生的个性化特点进行深层次研 究，从而加深对初高中女生化妆文化的理解，并掌握在文化层面不断变化的初高中女生化妆心理。

This study is a descriptive correlation research to identify nursing care requirement and nursing service satisfaction of inpatients of comprehensive nursing care service wards. Data collection was conducted from November 22, 2016 to January 5, 2017. The data of a total of 132 patients were finally analyzed using SPSS V. 21.0. There were statistically significant differences in the need for additional staff (F=13.20, p=.026) and statistically significant differences in nursing service satisfaction in the intent to revisit (F=5.58, p=.001), the intent to recommend the wards (F=5.56, p=.001), existing diseases (F=2.91, p=.024), the most satisfying factor with the use of the wards (F=2.84, p=.018) and satisfaction with the services provided during hospitalization (F=14.52, p<.001). Nursing care requirement was an average of 3.98±0.52 out of 5 points and Service satisfaction of the subjects was an average of 4.27±0.54 out of 5 points. Nursing service satisfaction had a positive correlation with nursing care requirement (r=.43. p<.001). Therefore, these results are important data for complementing and expanding thr comprehensive nursing service system to improve satisfied with nursing service and opportunity to improve the quality of medical care.

本研究是为了确认看护·护理综合服务病房住院患者的看护要求以及看护服务满意度，并了解两者间的相关 关系而进行的描述性调查研究。为此，2016年11月22日至2017年1月5日期间，面向位于B市一家中小型医院 的132名看护·护理综合服务病房住院患者进行了自填式问卷调查，并利用SPSS 21.0程序进行了分析。分析结 果显示，鉴于看护·护理综合服务病房的不同使用特性，看护要求方面和追加必要人员最佳必要人力(F=13.20, p=.026)之间呈现值得关注的相关性；而在看护服务满意度差异上，与再次利用(F=5.58, p=.001)、病房推荐 (F=5.56, p=.001)、其他健康问题(F=2.91, p=.024)、病房满意因素(F=2.84, p=.018)、住院期间提供的服务满 意度(F=14.52, p=<.001)等方面都呈现出一定的差异。另外，应答者的看护要求平均分数为3.98±0.52 （五分 为满分），看护服务满意度平均分数为4.27±0.54（五分为满分）。总之，应答者的看护要求和看护服务满意 度(r=.33, p<.001)之间呈现出一定的正相关关系。期待本研究成果能够持续推动看护·护理综合服务制度发展， 为这一制度早日落地提供参考资料。

The purpose of this study is to analyze the functional effects of Dried Distiller's Grains with Solubles (DDGS) as an ethanol-based byproduct in order to find the applicability of DDGS as a cosmetic material and to improve its value. In the anti-oxidation test, based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay, anti-oxidation activity was found, and ABTS radical scavenging activity was improved. Given that, anti-oxidation effects seemed to be attributable to hydrophilic substances, rather than hydrophobic substances. According to the whitening effect analysis through Tyrosinase inhibition assay, a 25% inhibition activity was found using a concentration of 10㎎/ ㎖. In the collagenase inhibition activity test, for the analysis on the wrinkle-care effect, a 70% inhibition activity was found using a 6㎎/㎖ concentration; in the elastase inhibition activity test, a 96% inhibition activity was found using the 100㎎/㎖ concentration. The water extract from the DDGS sample did not have better whitening or wrinkle-care effects than the positive control group arbutin and EGCG (epigallocatehin gallate). However, when it was compared with brown rice and barley, its anti-oxidation, whitening, and wrinkle-care effects did not fall much. It indicates that DDGS, mainly used as animal feed, is applicable as a cosmetic material.

本研究为了提高酒精生产附属物酒精粕的价值，并了解作为化妆品材料所具有的功能，对其抗氧化活性、美 白效果、抗皱效果等进行了分析。用玄米和大麦以5比1的比例混合制成的晾干酒精粕，在80℃温度进行4小时 回流提取，并对提取物进行浓缩和冷冻干燥后，用作试料。通过DPPH和ABTS清除自由基活性实验，在抗 氧化实验中确认了抗氧化活性，并呈现ABTS清除自由基活性更加优秀，由此可见抗氧化活性源于亲水性物 质，而非疏水性物质。通过Tyrosinase阻碍活性分析结果显示，美白效果在10㎎/㎖浓度中的阻碍活性为2 5%。为确认抗皱效果分别进行了collagenase阻碍活性试验和ellastase阻碍活性试验。两个实验中，阻碍活性 在不同浓度中呈现的百分比各不相同，前项试验中6㎎/㎖浓度的阻碍活性为70%，而后项试验中100㎎/㎖浓 度的阻碍活性为96%。通过比较两性对照群熊果素和EGCG(epigallocatehin gallate)发现，玄米和大麦混合 的酒精粕提取物的美白效果和抗皱效果并不高，但相比酒精工艺之间的玄米和大麦的抗氧化、美白以及抗皱 效果，其效果并没有显著下降，因此作为化妆品原料，酒精粕尤其利用空间。

This study attempted to investigate makeup perception by values and subjective age among women in their 40-50s and examine their relevance to makeup behavior. For this, a questionnaire survey was performed among women aged 40-50s in Busan from March 17 to mid-April, 2014, and a total of 255 responses were used for analysis. The collected data was analyzed by factor analysis, frequency analysis, regression analysis, and correlation analysis, using SPSS 1.0, and the results found the following: For makeup perception, values and subject age were influential. On the contrary, makeup behavior differed according to values only. Since makeup perception and behavior improve depending on the characteristics of values, this study aimed to provide useful information which can explain them through analysis and understanding of the respondents’ mind. Furthermore, this study is meaningful in that it provides basic data needed for marketing in the cosmetology market to target women in their 40-50s.

本研究的目的是考察40多岁和50多岁女性的不同价值观和主观年龄会带来哪些化妆意识，并了解其 与外貌管理行为中化妆行为之间的相互关联性。为此，2014年3月17日至4月期间，面向居住釜山的40 多岁和50多岁女性实施了问卷调查，而最终用作分析资料的调查表为255份。资料分析采用了 SPSS21.0 window一揽子要素分析、频度分析、回归分析和相关分析。经研究分析，得出如下结 论。化妆意识对价值观和主观年龄都产生了影响，但不同于化妆意识，实际化妆行为只因价值观呈现 出不同差异。鉴于化妆意识和行动随着价值观特性而增强，因此本研究深入了解40多岁和50多岁女性 的内心心理，以掌握40多岁和50多岁女性特性。此外，可为面向40多岁和50多岁女性的美容市场营销 活动提供资料。

This study intended to identify the mediating effects of death preparation on the relationship between psychosocial dependence and the quality of life among the elderly living alone. Subjects of this study were elderly living alone who were using a senior welfare center and those using a home support service center located in B region. A total of 248 copies of a questionnaire were collected and analyzed. The study results are summarized as follows: First, as a result of analyzing the differences between psychosocial dependence and the quality of life according to personal characteristics, it was found that those who have a higher monthly income on average, own their house, and have no history of hospitalization within the last three months showed a high psychosocial dependence, and those with religion, a higher economic level, and no hospitalization experience showed a higher quality of life. Second, psychosocial dependence had a positive effect on the quality of life and death preparation. Third, death preparation had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between psychosocial dependence and the quality of life. Finally, this study proposed ways to enhance the quality of life by activating death preparation among the elderly living alone.

本研究旨在考察独居老人的社会心理依赖和生活质量关系中死亡准备的媒介效果。为此，面向位于B地区 的老人福利馆以及利用居家福利机构服务的独居老人进行了问卷调查，并对248份问卷进行了分析。经分析， 得出的研究结论如下。首先，根据调查对象个人特性，社会心理依赖和生活质量呈现差异，具体为月收入 高、持有住宅、三个月内无住院经历的独居老人，其社会心理依赖较高；而有宗教信仰、经济水平较高、无 住院经历的独居老人其生活质量较高。第二，社会心理依赖对生活质量和死亡准备具有正向影响。第三，在 社会心理依赖和生活质量关系中，死亡准备具有部分媒介效果。基于此，为提高独独居老人的生活质量，提 出鼓励独居老人做死亡准备的方案。

This study attempted to investigate the moderating effects of learning flow on the influence of the quality of nail design courses and learning satisfaction. For this, SPSS 23.0 and SPSS PROCESS 3.4.1 were utilized. To analyze the moderating effects through research model testing, regression analysis was performed after mean centering, and the results found the followings: First, in the relation between the quality of courses and learning satisfaction, the moderating effects of cognitive absorption revealed a statistical significance in ‘curriculums’ and ‘interactions’ while no moderating effects were found in ‘course environments’. In other words, cognitive absorption played a moderating role with ‘curriculums’ and ‘interactions’ but not in ‘course environments’. Second, in the relation between the quality of courses and learning satisfaction, the moderating effects of affective commitment showed a statistical significance in ‘curriculums’ and ‘interactions’ while no moderating effects were found in ‘course environments’. In other words, the results have confirmed that affective commitment played a moderating role with ‘curriculums’ and ‘interactions’ while not in ‘course environments’.

本研究的目的是从美甲课堂质量对学习满意度的影响关系层面考察学习投入的调节效果。研究方法采用 SPSS 23.0和SPSS PROCESS 3.4.1。另外，为了通过研究模型验证考察调节效果，对资料进行中心化处理 (mean centering)，并进行了归回分析。经分析，得出如下研究结果。第一，在课堂质量和学习满意度关系方 面，认知投入的调节效果只呈现在课堂内容和相互作用变量上，在课堂环境变量上却没有呈现调节效果。也就是 说，认知投入在课堂内容及相互作用变量方面发挥调节作用，但在课堂环境变量上不具有调节效果。第二，在课 堂质量和学习满意度关系上，情感投入的调节效果只表现在课堂内容和相互作用变量生，在课堂环境变量上却没 有呈现调节效果。换句话说，情感投入在课堂内容及相互作用变量方面发挥调节作用，但在课堂环境变量上不具 有调节效果。

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of SNS information characteristics and on consumer attitudes and purchase intention. The method of research was to use the statistical programs of SPSS23.0 and JAMOVI 1.1.9.0, to conduct t-test and ANOVA variance analysis to analyze the differences in purchase intention according to the characteristics of the subjects, as well as conducting a hierarchical analysis to find out the effect among the variables. As the results of the research, first, it was shown that the difference of those in their 30s and 40s compared to those 20s when considering general characteristics and purchase intention, there was no significant difference when taking into account both academic background and occupation. Second, it can be said that the purchase intention is lower for those in their 30s, 40s, or older, or for those who have graduated from college, and the higher purchase intention is related to higher levels of reliability, interactivity, and vitality. Third, it is shown that the higher the level of interaction, emotional, and behavioral attitudes the more statistically significant effect SNS information and characteristics and on consumer attitude and purchase intention.

本研究的目的在于考察SNS信息特性和消费者态度对购买意愿产生的影响。研究方法采用SPSS23.0、 JAMOVI 1.1.9.0统计程序。另外，为了分析调查对象普通特性和购买意愿差异，使用t-test和ANOVA分散 分析方法，而为了了解变量之间产生的影响，进行了位阶回归分析。经分析，得出的研究结果如下。第一， 在普通特性和购买意愿之间的差异方面，相比20多岁，30多岁和40多岁年龄段的差异明显，而学历和职业方 面并没有呈现显著的差异。第二，年龄段超过30多岁和40多岁，或学历为大学毕业，其购买意愿较低，而可 信度、相互作用性、生动深度越高，购买意愿就越高。另外，从模型3中可以看出，40多岁以上年龄变量和大 学毕业学历为负向影响因素，而相互作用性、感性态度、行为态度则为正向影响因素。由此可知，年龄段为 40多岁以上、学历为大学毕业的消费者，其购买意愿较低，相反相互作用性、感性态度、行为态度越高，其 购买意愿就越高。