Earticle

Survival in today's fast-paced defense industry environment requires a new paradigm of 'Creativity Management'. Building a 「Creativity Management System(CMS)」is also necessary in the R&D projects of defense industry since its strategy has made a drastic shift from ‘acquisition(needs) orientation’ to ‘planning(seeds) orientation'. In order to build the「CMS」of an enterprise, we have constructed the 「Creative Activities Acceleration System(CAAS)」, as an essential system of the 「CMS」. the「CAAS」is composed of several functional subsystems; ‘Creative Thinking Generation System’, ‘Creative Information Construction System’, and ‘Creative Propensity Development System’. We also provided a detailed discussion about the managerial elements of these subsystems. The remarkable results of this research is that we propose a pragmatic structure of the「CAAS」which may be implemented to promote the creative activities in business and to improve the quality and quantity of the outcomes.

In this study, we propose a「System Alternatives Tree : SAT」model, as a novel model of「Technology Tree Structure : TTS」, to set ‘Technology Planning Alternatives (TPA)’ which can achieve the final goal of R&D project. While existing studies have been mostly based on 「Decision Theory Approach」, this research attempts a 「Systems Engineering Approach」and therefore, it provides the distinguishing features through which staff in charge can analyze the total system and grasp an ideal combination of all elements in terminal level. The「SAT」is organized by decomposing the final product into ‘function levels’ and ‘parts levels’ alternately. The final product being fully decomposed into terminal parts, elements in each level are evaluated and integrated through ‘System Alternatives Priority(SAP) algorithm’ to rank and select the most suitable TPA. The need for this「SAT」model in defense industry is also presented by introducing today's major shift on R&D strategy from 'acquisition type' to 'planning type'.

The experimental results of the 「Direct Yaw-moment Control: DYC」for an in-wheeled electric vehicle show that a slippage phenomenon is necessary because of the drive mechanism. Although its algorithm could make the vehicle stable on driving and specially turning states, it is not satisfied to accommodate it for driving and stopping at right position with proper torque on each wheel. For motion control of a skid-steering in-wheeled electric vehicle on the ground considering all-terrain, it is very important to solve a mathematical model of a 6-wheel in-wheeled electric vehicle in a systematic way. The in-wheeled electric vehicle is considered as a subsystem consisting of kinematic, dynamic and drive levels. ‘The kinematic and dynamic models’ of 6 skid-steering mechanisms will be the basement of a robust algorithm for its autonomous driving against the unknown interaction ground forces.

‘APFSDS(Armor Piercing Fin Stabilized Discarding Sabot)’ and ‘HEAT(High-Explosive Anti Tank)’ are most commonly used tactical ammunition types for modern main battle tanks to confront against hostile armor vehicle. Due to the technical advancements for ordnance field, ballistic performances of those ammunitions have been improved, but they still have limitations against targets in none line-of-sight range. Moreover, protection level of the modern main battle tanks has been greatly increased due to the contemporary countermeasures such as ‘ERA(Explosive Reactive Armor)’ and ‘APS(Active Protection System)’. In order to resolve those urgent issues, the concept of smart top attack munition has been focus recently which is able to strike preemptively none line-of-sight targets in long range. In this paper, the development status and forecast of foreign smart tank ammunition is investigated to make provisions for the ‘KSTAM(Korean Smart Top Attack Munition)’ program. The system concept for the 120mm KSTAM which had been obtained through the joint technical cooperation between ‘Poongsan’ and ‘DBD(Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co. KG)’ is presented. Also, through following detailed analysis and comparison to currently ongoing smart ammunition programs thoroughly, distinctive superiority of the KSTAM has been proved objectively and fully described in this paper.

The 'depot maintenance' is the highest level of maintenance among various kinds of weapon systems that requires high-end technology. Especially, it is very important to have the ability of depot maintenance for technology-intensive aircraft weapon systems as Republic of Korea is highly dependant on the technological knowhow of foreign countries. Also it is anticipated that phenomenon of the main supporting countries incremental reluctance to transfer technology to other nations will worsen. This provides a motive for Korea to make a commitment to promoting upgrade in depot maintenance capability in order to establish a solid ground for self-reliant national defense. Thus, this thesis examines current operational status of aircraft maintenance for 'Republic of Korea Air Force(ROKAF)' and proposes solutions to improving depot maintenance quality, organizational & personnel development as well as effective maintenance policies that are fit for changes in prospective defense conditions and maintenance systems.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate researchitivity of R&D organization by using 'Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)J , which is a technique used to measure researchitivity of 'Decision Making Unit(DMU)'. For this purpose, a chain of procedure to design DEA indicators for evaluating researchitivity in R&D organization is as follows; First, we have revised R&D input factors by 'creativity indicator'. Labor and cost indicators are used in general area, But there is a necessity for reflecting 'creativity' of R&D organization on these indicators in R&D area. Second, R&D output factors are classified into two types of data in this study; intemationa'domestic and registration/application of patents. And then we have calculated indices of the 'technology newness' and the 'technology sharpness'. we give a name these 'technical quality' 'technology indicator'. Finally, we have examined researchitivity by using DEA in R&D input and output indicators revised as 'creativity' & 'technical quality'. And then, we have analyzed researchitivity in terms of 'overall', 'technique/ scale' and 'trend' by DEA. By using the results of these analyses, there are accurate measurement and evaluation on researchtivity. Moreover, it is expected that the efficient strategies will be worked out improvement of creativity.

Avionic software is more difficult to find its defect compare than graphic user interface based software. According to America’s 「National Transport Safe Board(NTSB)」, most of aircraft accident has been caused primarily by improperly developed software. So airworthiness authority strongly asks to software quality verification in today's avionic software development. 「Air Data Computer(ADC)」is a safety critical system because 「ADC」calculates altitude, speed, temperature and so on. These parameters are used to directly control 「AFCS(Auto Flight Control System)」. Avionic software has to be developed for compliance with avionic software standard i.e. 「RTCA DO-178B」. This paper describes how to apply this standard to the 「ADC」software development and how to verify air data software. In addition, this paper also mentions some additional consideration for software certification.

The「Operational Mode Summary/Mission Profile(OMS/MP)」describes how a weapon system will be used in wartime and/or peacetime at the time it is fielded with focus on the future. Information in the「OMS/M P」presents a structured, quantitative picture of annual equipment usage. The 「OMS/MP」is a source document during the acquisition process and is required to support the development of performance specifications. Reliability is one of the important factors which show performance specification and availability. To get a target value of the vehicle reliability, as there is no「OMS/MP」that fits vehicle only, the elements of time and distance related to operation and maintenance of weapon system focused on driving mission are used. This work describes calculation procedure of「Mean Kilometers Between Failure (MKBF)」and applied method. The target value is quantified by based on distance of the「OMS/MP」and calculated from concept of operational availability. As a result we provide basic framework for reliability goal to the vehicle.

'High-Energy Laser(HEL)J Weapons offering speed-of-light engagement of a variety of targets provide promise as a transformational 'game changer' in the future military operations. In this paper, first, technologies needed for development of the 'HELJ weapons are briefly described, then the current status and examples on development of the 'HELJ weapons in the United States are introduced. Finally the development directions for the 'HELJ weapons in the domestic are suggested based on these examples and a report of the Defense Scence Board Task Force issued in 2007. In conclusion, the 'HELJ weapons must be developed under consideration of two kinds of factor strategic and R&D aspects. The Strategic aspects include verification of the 'HELJ weapons effectiveness and the creation of demand on the 'HELJ weapons based on rigorous cost-benefit analyses, while the R&D aspects include the focus of R&D potentials on the 'HELJ weapons having advantages to Kinetic Energy Weapons and Spin-On strategy of R&D.

Unmanned combat system is an enabler to conduct high risk operation without personnel loss. State of the art unmanned combat system for highly efficient and survivable operation requires digital system based on image processing and control system technologies. As one of the cases of exploiting such technologies the「Ground Auto-Tracking System (GATS)」with which operating personnels can move weapon azimuth and elevation by joystick in a safe remote place - mobile or stationary - while he is monitoring images sent by wired or wireless transmission is increasingly being fitted with precision control for gun pointing accuracy and stabilization control for negation of external road induced vibration. Securing operational convenience through target lock-on and auto-tracking function is another factor because crew fatigue arising from constant aiming of targets eventually leads to loss of target and seriously compromises operational efficiency. Proposed the 「GATS」is composed of weapon and sensor platform, external device for drive and stabilization and internal device for fire control. This study explains operational concept for both wartime and peacetime performances and presents firing test results revealing outstanding performances of the「GATS」.

「Remote Controlled Weapon Station(RCWS)」is a weapon system for crew protection and target engagement in combat environments. This system is suitable for any combat platform such as vehicles or ships, and performs target detection and discrimination in day & night, tracking, firing duty by using target information acquired from day & night cameras and laser range finder by remote control from under armor protection area. The aim of this paper is to introduce about present status of application and development tendency for the「RCWS」carrying machine gun which is recently increasing through out the world in use by comparison. Also this paper introduces about present development status of domestic「RCWS」which can be loaded in various platforms such as combat vehicles and which can carry various weapons such as machine guns and grenade launcher.

The stealth technology, minimizing combat ships’ heat radiation and sound level in order to avoid detection and attack from enemy, is gaining its importance these days. Even though there have been introduced some systems to detect and intercept enemy, the infrared signature guidance system is most widely used for this purpose. Therefore minimizing their infrared signature of combat ships is the first step to improve its survivability at wartime. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the infrared signature suppression technology which has been applied by some industries and study the chances of cooling down its exhaust gas temperature with air injection. To achieve this goal, a commercial「Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)」code has been adapted and its basic study has been conducted. With the development of computing skills, the「CFD」has been widely used to predict performance in the early stage of development. After studying several cases, we can conclude that air injection can be an alternative to lower the temperature of exhaust gas from internal combustion engines

The environment of 「Defense Research and Development(DR&D)」and new technology development has been changed drastically, but the domestic DR&D experience and technical readiness levels are not enough to meet the challenges and the expectation of future combat requirements and the public needs so far. So, a new paradigm of 「DR&D」is presented for the purpose of overcoming current economic difficulties and preparing the next generation's 「DR&D」. Firstly, the investment in adventurous and risky 「DR&D」programs should be increased to make preparations against possible Nation's emergencies and to contribute the national economy development. Secondly, as one of the government vision, 「Defense Green Growth Technology(DGGT)」is regarded as a new favorable 「DR&D」area that can improve the level of domestic 「DR&D」to the one of advanced nation's 「DR&D」. Also, the 「DGGT」will make additional job occupation and raise the export of munitions in the near future. Thirdly, the collaboration with advanced nations on 「DR&D」fields is needed for the acquisition of new defense technologies and the spontaneous mutual export expansion. Lastly, the government have to make one's endeavor for the increasement of 「DR&D」budget. Also, additional supports such as 「DR&D」fund and technology transfer fee are necessary to execute the above 「DR&D」strategies.