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At the end of 2008, specialized and affiliated institutions were abolished, and the introduction of competition in the domestic defense market began to intensify competition between companies, which is expected to keep accelerating. Thus, defense companies must gain a competitive advantage in this competitive environment by continually improving the efficiency of their research and development efforts. In addition, accurate measurement of the efficiencies that may arise in the course of operating inefficiencies is important for the enhancement of the efficiency and competitiveness of new research and development efforts to make them internationally competitive, and effective improvement methods must be pursued through practical improvement activities. Accordingly, the authors of this study on defense industries aim to provide indicators of the degree of inefficiency of defense companies, to improve their planning and conduct of practical activities to improve their efficiency. In addition, financial indicators were identified and research and development activities were carried out to take advantage of the input/output variables of the efficiency in the two-phase analysis. <Key Word> TE, PTE, SE, Efficiency, Inefficiency

Aircraft are among the most effective war weapon systems. There are many efforts to improve their service life and to ensure the safety of their structure. In the past, the deterministic approach, such as durability and damage tolerance, has been mainly used to predict the service life of an aircraft structure using fixed parameters (the initial flaw, material property, etc). The most important parameter, however, may not be the certain statistical factor for assessing the IFQ (Initial Fatigue Quality). Probabilistic analysis has recently been adopted by advanced countries as a new approach to enhancing flight safety in aerospace fields. Probabilistic analysis based on fracture mechanics can especially predict such service life and perform risk assessment using the probability of failure. In this paper, the paradigm of aircraft structural life management is reviewed and the parameter used in probabilistic fracture mechanics is analyzed. Furthermore, the new process of probabilistic risk assessment is proposed to evaluate the statistical factor. In the future, the proposed process can be used to establish aircraft maintenance policies such as RCM (Reliability-Centered Maintenance) and CBM (Condition-Based Maintenance). <Key Words> Aircraft structure, Service life, Fracture mechanics, Probability of failure, Probabilistic risk assessment

Effectiveness analysis is an important process that is used to evaluate numerous designs and operation concepts for a real world. This study proposes an effectiveness analysis that uses modeling and simulation, and analyzed the effectiveness of the design of the next mine layer ship’s combat system. The simulation framework that uses the platform structure management and analysis model was employed to build the modeling and simulation environment. The result of this case study was approved through a system functional review. <Keywords:> Effectiveness analysis, MoEs/MoPs, modeling and simulation, simulation framework, platform structure management, Monte Carlo analysis model

During the initial design of military vehicles, one of the most fundamental tasks is to meet the durability requirements with the minimum weight. The prototype of a Korean light tactical vehicle is a new car with a bulletproof glass and body to secure survivability, but with a greater total weight due to these structures. Thus, multidirectional actions have been taken to reduce the weights of non-bulletproof structures and to satisfy the total weight constraint. This paper suggests a design optimization process for weight reduction of the trimmed body and suspension arms of the new tactical vehicle. Inertia relief analysis and normal mode analysis of each part are conducted to determine the allowable stress and the natural frequency. Using the optimization analysis method (SOL200) in the MSC/Nastran software, the optimum thicknesses of 32 design variables are computed to extract the minimum weight within the strength and vibration constraints. Finally, durability analysis of the optimum model of each component is performed to evaluate whether or not it satisfies the target life. <Key Words> Tactical Vehicle, Allowable Stress, Natural Frequency, Design Optimization, Durability

Attempts to distribute malware using social engineering email deployment to the domestic defense industry have been detected from CY 2009 to 2012, up to the present. The analysis of the characteristics of the attacks showed their consistency and specificity. They commonly use social engineering to distribute malware. In addition, they have typical APT characteristics. On the other hand, the persistence of the same techniques and forms was seen. These are done by the same group or the same person who launched the APT attack. According to the APT attack characteristics, there is a limit to malware defense and prevention. Therefore, all of the executives and staff members understand and share the characteristics of APT and need to be strengthened in security management. Only prevention can reduce the risk of a security incident from an APT attack via social engineering. <Keywords> APT, Advanced Persistent Threat, Social Engineering Attack

The need for security in the SDLC (SW Development Life Cycle) has been increasing. Also, it is well-known that the error correction cost in the SW operational phase is soaring highly compared with that in the design phase. On the other hand, it is known that the security vulnerabilities have decreased with the application of Secure Coding in the design phase. Security for the warfare systems embedded SW of defense SW is very important, though, but has not yet been discussed. In this paper, defense SW factors and methods, especially the warfare systems embedded SW, are discussed. <Keywords> Secure Coding, Defense Software, Warfare System Embedded Software

This study analyzes the cost drivers of cost-reimbursement contracts in the defense acquisition program. In many such contracts, the cost is changed at the end of the contract from that at the beginning of the acquisition process. Such changes cannot be predicted easily. Therefore, this study found out what kinds of cost drivers lead to cost change, through regression analysis. This study is expected to contribute to the enhancement of the competitiveness of South Korea’s national defense industry. <Key Words> Cost, Weapon system, Cost drivers, Regression analysis

It is timely, meaningful, and worthy to analyze North Korea’s capability to conduct provocations and the ROK-US combined capability to counter them with regard to Kim Jongil’s sudden death. North Korea’s military capability to conduct provocations is very strong and seriously threatening to South Korea. The comparison of South Korea’s conventional military power with that of North Korea showed that North Korea is superior in weapons quantity. South Korea is significantly superior to North Korea in terms of its advanced weapons quality, though. In practice, it was found that North Korea’s weapons systems are mostly old manual systems, whereas those of South Korea are mostly electronic systems. What is more, South Korea will be supported by the US Forces in Korea in major conflict situations. North Korea perceives well that it cannot defeat the ROK-US forces in a symmetric strategy. Thus, it is concentrating its military efforts on the development of weapons of mass destruction and the pursuit of a asymmetric strategy against the ROK-US combined forces. Thus, it would be very difficult to effectively counter North Korea’s surprise attacks or asymmetric provocations. Despite South Korea’s superior military capability, it would still be very difficult for it to respond effectively to surprise enemy attacks or asymmetric provocations. War history demonstrates well this kind of military conflict. It is one of the major tasks of the ROK-US combined forces to defend peace and security on the Korean peninsula, though. <Key Words> North Korea’s military power, Conventional military power, Asymmetric strategy, ROK-US combined forces

NCW, a future warfighting concept of the ROK military, is based on interoperability. The LISI (Level of Information System Interoperability) model is the basis of the interoperability measurement of the Korean military systems in the requirement generation and acquisition process. The LISI model has a few limitations, however, in its interoperability measurements. It cannot be used to measure the interoperability of a system of systems (SoSs) because it is focused on measuring the interoperability of a given system or system pair. It does not consider the measurement of non-technical interoperability such as organizational interoperability. It also cannot provide quantitative information for the making of an interoperability decision because it uses the qualitative rather than quantitative approach. This study proposes the developmental direction of an interoperability measurement model for the ROK military. Ten models are listed from a comprehensive survey on interoperability measurement models, and they were deeply compared. Based on this analysis, a few suggestions are made for improving interoperability measurement. <Key Words> Interoperability, Interoperability Measurement, Interoperability Measurement Model, LISI

In this paper, the current status and problems of Korea's Defense Acquisition System are analyzed and the direction of the integration of its weapons system and force support (non-weapon) system is suggested. When the Defense Acquisition Program Agency (DAPA) was opened in 2006, the acquisition of weapons systems was assigned to it, and the tasks related to the force support (non-weapon) system were given to the Ministry of National Defense, including to each military force. Because of the duality in the accomplishment of the relative organizations’ tasks, considerable difficulties are emerging in budgeting and executing each program. Accordingly, this study suggests the integration of the dualistic classification systems into a single weapons system, the assignment of the requirement proposal tasks to JCS (Joint Chief of Staff), and the assignment of decision-making tasks to the Ministry of National Defense. This study also suggests the division of the development and acquisition tasks between DAPA and the pertinent military forces in accordance with the nature of the munitions. The further shape and standard management tasks in the overall operations and maintenance of munitions belong to the Ministry of National Defense. Finally, this study produced several assignments to reform organizations and systems for effective project management, including experiments and evaluations. <Key Words> Defense acquisition, Weapons system and force support system, Acquisition and maintenance organization

Manufacturing Readiness Levels (MRLs) and Manufacturing Readiness Assessments (MRAs) were designed to manage manufacturing risks in defense acquisition programs while increasing the ability of technology development projects to transition new technology to weapons system applications in the United States. In this paper, the current status of MRAs for the defense acquisition program of South Korea and examples of the MRA used in the United States are reviewed. Also, an MRA application scheme for the operations and support phases of weapon systems is suggested by revising pertinent laws and regulations. <Key Words> MRL(Manufacturing Readiness Level), LCM(Life Cycle Management), PSAT(Product Support Assessment Team), PSBM(Product Support Business Model), LCSP(Life Cycle Sustainment Plan), Parts Management

This paper suggests a rational plan for building up the defense acquisition system of South Korea based on a review and trend analysis of the global defense industry. Several alternatives are proposed to resolve the problems with the current acquisition system, and to minimize conflicts and inefficiencies between MND and DAPA. Several future self-defense and export strategies for the Korea defense industry are also recommended. <Key Words> MND (Ministry of National Defense), DAPA (Defense Acquisition Program Administration), Korea defense industry