Earticle

The purpose of this study was to inquiry philosophy on Mom of Dasan, Jung yak Yong is a philosopher in the late period of Josun dynasty. In order to attain the purpose of this study, I reviewed the literatures of Dasan, Jung yak Yong. As a result, Human being is not only body, but also the mind. Two thing which we named mom and mind is one reality. To follow nature of this reality is to follow the heaven Decree(天命) though to knowing and devoting the Heaven. He have philosophical view on Mom which Divinity(spirit) and it is ranked together with One-Mind(一心) as a reality.

Since the body mediates all reflection and action upon the world, its centrality to the anthropological endeavor seems assured, but a perusal of the canon of social and cultural anthropology indicates that the body's explicit appearance has been sporadic throughout the history of the discipline. The majority of researchers have in effect simply bracketed the body a black box and set it aside. But, for the field of researching on the education and culture of body we couldn't help considering upon the memory of that body. What is the sporting body traced back in memory? This paper aims to providing an empirical case study of the memory of the sporting body for the old peoples with Japanese colonial rule's experience. This is my first study in the anthropological approach on the sporting body, work done with three old peoples central figures for two years ago at the place of "Wangsukchon" in Guri-si. The memory and meaning of their bodies is that the experience of colonization has been remained mainly as the correct, docile and uniform motion of body, that the bodies has been recalled the internalization of disciplinary techniques that they had learned in their elementary school in that time. The motion of their bodies depend on their memories and represent the meaning until now. Also the meaning raised the questions about the signification of physical education and the possibility of extended sports culture. This paper were indebted to their life of the days had a lot of experience in the period of Japanese colonial rule in Korea. I have to thank the three old peoples whom they permit me to observe their exercises in the morning, to record their voices and to have an interview with them at the place of "Wangsukchon".

It has long history of our endeavoring about to express and to reappear accurately on records and expressions of martial arts in Korea. In recently, in order to transmit the reappearance by drawing, a Video and a movie are more powerful than book. Though we have many records of drawing on Korean martial arts, the data about martial arts are restricted in three kingdom, such as, Koryo, Joseonand modern age. Recently, we can easily find such data from being database file. Nevertheless, it is still very restrict to know the characteristics and motions of martial arts only by such database. In this paper, I tried to find the characteristics and the appearances of developing data on Joseon period which are relatively clear in the records on martial arts. And I tried to search the records are distorted in modern times and to find to be researched in this field. It was reviewed that Muyedobotonggi(武藝圖譜通志, 1790, A Collection of Martial Arts with Descriptions) and iukwe(儀軌, records and paintings on King’s ceremony), Mugwachongyo(武科總要, 1810, records on military men’s examination test), and the records of martial arts which are recently modern age. And it was examined that how the records of martial arts were developed and changed. Digital archive works which collect and contain records, documents, or materials of historical interest are receiving a footlights. It will be an attractive work in scholars and grand masters who want to reserve the martial arts skills. It will be a well adjustment by digital archive file or electric data for whom prepare classifying and arranging the records of martial arts.

In this research , a book is the Chinese martial arts which had influence at the time of compilation of the “Muye-dobo-tongji” which is typical Korean traditional marital arts book and publication. This research examine the contents of the Chinese martial arts and its system. “Muye-dobo-tongji” carries out based on such contents. It aims at trying form on system of the Korean traditional martial arts focusing on “Muye-dobo-tongji”.The conclusion of this research is as follows: The Korean traditional martial arts is the talent and the arms and it which controls powerless activity by war, battle, etc. And it turns out that it has the meaning of synthetic arts.

The present paper aims to classify martial arts. Then both of the classification-principles of martial arts and the concepts of martial arts are needed to be considered, for different concepts make different classification-principles. This paper is based on the Menschenjagd(man-hunting) Concept which was presented by German ethnologist Leo Frobenius.

武術の分類について考えるに先立ち、分類の対象である武術について、概念説明をしておくことは有益であろう。殺傷捕縛術として一般に理解される武術は、しかし、２１世紀の今日、安全を保証しあっておこなう競技と理解されることが多く、武術を競技と殺傷捕縛術のどちらの意味でとらえるかは、分類について考えることに影響を与えるからである。

The author herein discusses the feature of Japanese martial art documents written in the epoch from the second half of 16th to the middle of 19th centuries, through which characteristic martial (fencing) arts of Japan were well developed. Unlike China or Korea, Japan has no martial texts compiled by an official organ or by imperial ordinance. Martial text was always privately written in each school (Ryu-ha 流派) to hand down from teacher to those who had mastered the doctrine and the technique of their school. What can be found in most of the documents published in printed form [refer to the“ Nihon Budo Taikei”（日本武道大系）Vol. 1 to 8 ] describes lists of names of patterns (Kata 形・勢法) to be learned in each school ,and explanations of the significance behind them, leading to martial theories. Little is mentioned about how to do them in detail, because the content is taught only through daily practicing the fencing patterns. For example, “Heiho-kaden-sho” （兵法家伝書） (17th century) attaches importance to the mentality of BUSHI who practices fencing art rather than to technique or tactics. This text considers, as ideal, the mind corresponding to Zen Buddhism. Another text, “Gorin-no-sho”(五輪書), says that every martial art is not out of everyday matters, i.e. man should develop himself through mental and physical trainings, apply the wisdom of martial art to daily life , and realize the true way of life as BUSHI. In conclusion, the feature of martial art found in Japanese fencing texts is that mentality developed by repeating patterns is considered as the most important, and whether, or not, patterns are useful in battles is a secondary matter .

Development of Budo was based on School Education. Since 1931 Budo had been selected as an essential subject to schooling as well as Physical Education. However Budo was rather stagnant for a while due to the war. In 1950 Judo renewed interest in martial arts and was considered absolutely spiritual sports. Judo, Kendo and Sumo has settled as "Kakugi" according to the lawful teaching guidance. The term of Kakugi has been called Budo since 1989. The Tokyo Olympics had an important influence upon Budo, because during the Olympics people from all areas of life including politics, economy and government in Japan became involved in Budo. For the first time they considered that Budo was necessary heritage to be preserved, inherited and developed. We need to learn from Budo. Because modern sport cares only about winning whereas Budo regards relationships among people as more important. The aim of Budo is contribution to World peace. It is time to put our efforts together to make it happen.