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Arbeitslosengeld ist eine Entgeltersatzleistung, die es den Arbeitnehmern bei eintretender Arbeitslosigkeit ermöglichen soll, ihren Lebensstandard über einen gewissen Zeitraum zu halten. In Korea hat ein Arbeitnehmer Anspruch auf Arbeitslosengeld, wenn er arbeitslos ist oder aber an einer beruflichen Weiterbildung teilnimmt. Arbeitslos im Sinne des Arbeitsförderungsgesetzes(AFG) ist ein Arbeitnehmer, der nicht in einem Besch -äftigungsverhältnis steht, arbeitsfähig und arbeitsbereit ist, und sich bemüht, seine Beschäftigungslosigkeit zu beenden. Der Anspruch auf Arbeitslosengeld entfällt, wenn der Arbeitslose während eines Bezugs von Arbeitslosengeld eine Beschäftigung ausübt und ein Nebeneinkommen erzielt. Jede Nebenbeschäftigung muss dem Arbeitsamt gemeldet werden. Beim Meldeversäumnis der Nebenbeschäftigung ruht der Anspruch auf Arbeitslosengeld. Der Anspruch auf Arbeitslosengeld erlöscht, wenn sich der Arbeitslose versiche -rungswidrig verhält, ohne dafür einen wichtigen Grund zu haben. Dazu gehören die Lösung des Beschäftigungsverhältnisses durch den Arbeitnehmer und Ursächlichkeit des Verhaltens des Arbeitnehmers für den Eintritt der Arbeitslosigkeit. In Deutschland kann der Arbeitslose während des Bezugs des Arbeitslosengeldes eine Beschäftigung ausüben. Allerdings darf diese Nebenbeschäftigung nicht 15 Stunden wöchentlich oder mehr betragen. Ein Nebeneinkommen mit weniger als 15 Wochenstunden Beschäftigungszeit dem Arbeitslosengeld angerechnet, dabei bleiben jedoch 165 Euro monatlich anrechnungsfrei. In folgenden Fällen wird das Arbeitslosengeld bis 12 Wochen (bei besonderen Tatbeständen 3 bis 6 Wochen) nicht gezahlt: - wenn der Arbeitnehmer die Arbeitslosigkeit ohne wichtigen Grund oder durch arbeitsvertragswidriges Verhalten selbst grob fahrlässig herbeigeführt hat. - wenn mit dem letzten Arbeitgeber ein Aufhebungsvertrag geschlossen wurde. - wenn eine von der Agentur für Arbeit angebotene Arbeit oder eine Maßnahme der beruflichen Fort- und Weiterbildung ohne wichtigen Grund abgelehnt, abgebrochen oder nicht angetreten wird. - wenn sich der Arbeitslose nicht rechtzeitig bei der Agentur für Arbeit gemeldet hat. Die Dauer einer Sperrzeit bei unzureichenden Eigenbemühungen beträgt 2 Woche, bei Meldeversäumnissen jeweils eine Woche. Das Arbeitslosengeld kann gemindert werden, wenn sich der Arbeitslose verspätet meldet. Im Verhältnis zu Deutschland ist die Rechtslage in Korea insoweit zu streng, als das Gesetz die Nebenbeschäftigung nicht erlaubt und bei verspäteter Melde keine Leistung gewährt. Diese “Alles oder Nichts” Regelungen, die dem betroffenen Arbeitslose besonders hart sein können, sollten gemäß dem Verhältnismä -ßigkeitsprinzip durch die Regelung der Leistungsminderung ersetzt werden.

요 약 택배기사의 안전보건실태 및 산재보험 적용 필요성을 포함한 노무제공과정 및 경제적 종속성 관련 실태파악을 위하여 택배기사 6명과 택배영업소 책임자 1명에 대한 심층면접을 실시하였다. 그 결과 택배기사의 안전보건은 매우 취약한 것으로 나타났다. 집․배송 택배의 경우 1일 평균 화물 100박스를 취급하는데 이 중 15% 정도는 중량물(30～40KG)이다. 이들 중량물을 차에 상, 하차 하는 것뿐만 아니라 개인주택(빌라)의 경우 들고 계단을 걸어 올라가야 한다. 따라서 근골격계 질환(허리통증, 무릎관절질환 등)이 발생한다. 식사가 불규칙하고 시간도 없기 때문에 위장장애가 발생한다. 또한 화물차 위에서 밑으로 추락하여 골절 등 사고사례가 있다. 모든 경우 본인이 치료비를 부담하고 있다. 아파서 쉬면 개인 비용이 드는 용차를 사용해야 하기 때문에 실제 아파도 쉬지도 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 택배기사의 사회적 보호, 즉 택배기사의 산재보험적용이 우선적으로 필요하다. 면접대상자인 택배기사의 사업장은 지역센터 내의 책임구역(관할 구역)이며, 보수를 받는 형태는 영업소장으로부터 직접 지급받는다. 이와 같은 조사결과는 택배기사가 산재보험법 제125조(특수형태근로종사자에 대한 특례) 제1항의 특수형태근로종사자 조건인 “1. 주로 하나의 사업 또는 사업장에 그 운영에 필요한 노무를 상시적으로 제공하고 보수를 받아 생활할 것. 2. 노무를 제공함에 있어서 타인을 사용하지 아니할 것”에 부합된다. 산재보험 적용 시 보험료는 우선 택배기사와 지역센터(또는 영업소장)가 각각 50%씩 부담하도록 하는 방안을 검토할 수 있으며, 보험료 산정의 기준이 되는 임금은 월 평균 소득을 산출하여 기준 임금을 책정하도록 한다.

In oder to examine the shippers' situation of 1 ton car in regard to their working conditions as well as their economic dependence, six shippers and one head of business office interviewed for this study. The analysis of the interviews reveals that shippers are exposed to bad working and health conditions. Due to the hand transport of daily average 100 boxes and heavy boxes(among them ca. 15%) more than 30 Kg, shippers are not sufficiently protected from diseases such as diseases affecting the muscular skeletal system; stomach pains due to the irregular meals etc. Their own medical treatment has to be paid by the shippers themselves. The application of the industrial accident compensation insurance for shippers is therefore urgently needed. The interviewed shippers work in fixed region of business. Regarding their payment, they were directly paid by the heads of business offices. Futhermore, the interviews show that shippers did not employ any other persons. These results of the study comply with article 125 para. 1 no. 1 and 2 of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (Special case for persons in special types of employment) which provides：“1. They should routinely provide the business or workplace with labor service necessary for the operation thereof, be paid for such service and live on such pay; and 2. They should not use other persons to provide the labor service.” The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance could be applicable for shippers of 1 ton car in the following way：As a compulsory insurance scheme; shippers and the heads of the business offices each pay 50 % of the premium costs; in oder to determine the premium costs, the average monthly income have to be the basis.

국문요약 이 연구는 한국의 취약한 실업자 지원제도를 개선하기 위해서 고용보험제도 수급확대와 실업부조 도입을 대안으로 제시하고 그 소요 재원을 추계하였다. 한국의 고용보험 제도는 적용대상이 매우 제한적일 뿐 아니라, 급여수급률이나 급여대체율이 서구 국가들에 비해 매우 낮아 사회안전망으로서의 기능이 매우 취약하다. 특히, 불안정 노동층에게 취약한 보호망이라는 문제를 해결하기 위해 고용보험 제도의 보장성과 포괄성을 높이면서 보완적 제도로서 실업부조 제도를 도입하여 온전한 실업자 지원제도로서 기능을 갖추는 방안을 제시하였다. 고용보험 적용 확대 방안으로는 미가입 사업장에 대한 처벌 강화, 자발적 이직자에 대한 수급제한 철폐, 수급기간 최소기간 6개월로 연장, 급여대체율의 현실화(40% 미만에서 60% 그리고 저소득층에게 80%)를 제안한다. 또한 장기실업자, 청년층 실업자, 영세 자영업자, 단시간노동자와 비정규노동자에 대한 실업부조 제도의 도입이다. 이러한 개선방안 실행에 필요한 재정추계를 한 결과 최소 1조 3천억에서 최대 2조 2천억 정도의 비용이 소요될 것으로 예상되었다. 자발적 이직자에 대해 실업급여를 지급할 경우 약 9천 8백 억 정도가 더 필요한 것으로 예상되었다. 여기에서 실업부조에 필요한 금액을 정부 일반회계로 처리한다면 1조 9천억원 정도가 필요하다.

This article focus on reform agenda of the weak unemployment insurance system in Korea. I suggest four plans for the improvement of unemployment insurance adaptation level and newly introduction of the unemployment assistance system to make a sufficient social security net to the precarious working populations. First, the reinforcement of punishment to employers that avoid joining the unemployment insurance system intentionally. Second, the abolishment of the restriction to qualifying the benefit to voluntary job-quitters. Third, the extension of minimum benefit duration to 6 months. Four, the raising of income-benefit substitution rate(from 40% below to 60% or 80%-low income group). And We need to introduce the unemployment assistance scheme for supplementing the unemployment insurance system does not cover the whole precarious working group including long-term unemployed, youth unemployed, the poor self-employed, part-timer and other irregular workers suffering from periodic experience of unemployment. As a result of estimate to financing these plans, we need about 1,300 to 2,200 billions except 980 billions for voluntary quitters.

The purpose of this study was to look for not only the actual condition of industrial injuries and diseases caused by occupations such as a nurse servicer, but also the strategic prevention measures of such injuries and diseases. The past studies of occupational injury have been focused on regular workers' status, but the atypical employment status has been considered in this research context. This study researched nurse servicer as a part of the independent contractors. According to the research results, the most common cause of infection for nurse servicers was the infection from the patients. The patterns of industrial disasters were analyzed according to work types, and their countermeasures were mapped out on the basis of the results of the study. In conclusion, it was judged that industrial disasters will be effectively prevented by three measures. First, industrial accident compensation insurance should be preferentially applied rather than preventive measures. Second, the education of industrial safety should be provided to the nurse servicers, although it is an administrative problem. Third, medical checkup should be periodically performed. Also, the number of medical institutions for the medical checkoffs should be increased so that the nurse servicers may easily receive the checkups.

우리 헌법에서 모든 국민은 법 앞에 평등하고(헌법 제11조제1항), 인간으로서의 존엄과 가치를 가지며 행복을 추구할 권리(헌법 제10조)와 인간다운 생활을 할 권리를 가진다(헌법 제34조제1항). 따라서 국가는 개인이 가지는 불가침의 기본적인 인권을 확인하고 이를 보장할 의무를 지고 있으므로 (헌법 제10조) 사회보장․사회복지의 증진에 노력할 의무를 지게 된다(헌법 제34조제2항)고 규정하고 있다. 또한 국가는 여성의 복지나 권익의 향상을 위하여 노력하여야 하고(헌법 제34조제3항), 특히 가정 내에서의 여성의 권익은 개인의 존엄과 양성의 평등을 기초로 성립되고 유지되도록 보장하여야 한다(헌법 제36조제1항)고 규정하고 있다. 여성의 복지나 권익의 향상에 대하여 우리나라에서도 헌법적 근거를 두고 있으며, 이를 근거로 여성복지서비스에 관한 법규들이 제정되어 있다. 그러나 이러한 여성복지서비스에 관한 제 규정들이 제정되어 있다 하더라도 현실에 있어서는 실질적 여성복지서비스제도가 확보되지 못한 사각지대가 존재함을 부인하기 어려운 형편이다. 따라서 여성이 인간으로서의 존엄과 실질적 평등을 보장 받으며 건강하고 문화적인 최저한의 생활을 보장받을 수 있도록 하는 입법제정이 필요하며, 이를 통하여 여성의 권익과 복지를 실현시켜야 한다. 본 연구는 여성의 인간으로서의 존엄과 가치 및 기본적 권리와 자유를 인정하고, 그 구현을 위하여 양성평등으로부터 출발하여 성을 이유로 하는 차별과 억압을 철폐하고 모성의 보유주체로서의 여성의 존중과 보호를 실현하는데 있다. 즉 여성인권을 보장하기 위하여 여성복지서비스제도와 함께 사회복지사업법을 비롯한 관련 사회복지서비스법규들과 가정폭력 및 성폭력관계법 등을 중심으로 그 의의와 실태, 타당성과 효율성, 정책 등을 살펴보고 선진국들의 제도와 비교함으로써 우리나라에서 여성복지서비스제도의 올바른 발전방향을 모색하고자 한다. 또한 여성복지서비스는 대상별로 분립적인 접근방식에서 탈피하여 요보호여성 전체를 포괄적으로 다루는 법제의 통합 정비와 이를 통한 대상자선정․급여적절성․통합적 전달체계․재정의 효율성을 도모 할 수 있는 전환이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 분석대상인 요보호여성을 위한 여성복지서비스는 우리 사회의 환경변화에 따른 복지욕구에 맞춰 실효성 있는 계획이 수립되고 시행되어야 할 것이다.

The Constitution of the Republic of Korea stipulates that every citizen shall have the equal right before laws (Paragraph 1, Article 11), shall deserve the human dignity and value as well as the right to pursue happiness (Art. 10), and also the right to live a life worthy of human (Para. 1, Art. 34). The State is thus obliged to confirm and ensure the inviolable basic human right of an individual (Art. 10) and to endeavor to promote social security and welfare for him or her (Para. 2, Art. 34). Moreover, the State is supposed to make efforts to improve welfare and benefit of women (Para. 3, Art 34) and to guarantee, in particular, the interests of women in family to be upheld on the basis of personal dignity and equality of the sexes (Para. 1, Art. 36). The welfare and interest for women in Korea is firmly rooted on the Constitution, from which the laws stipulating the provision of welfare service for women have been legislated. It can't be denied, however, that there is a dead ground where the system for women welfare is not in service in real terms despite lots of regulations that have been put into operation. It is, therefore, requested to enact laws that may guarantee women to live a healthy and cultural life on the minimum base, and to realize by thus their benefit and welfare, with their dignity as human and actual equality assured. The present study has the purpose of recognizing equality of the sexes above all, fostering dignity, value, basic right and freedom of women as a human being, abolishing discrimination and oppression against women and, ultimately, realizing the respect to and protection of women as subjects of maternity. In this respect, it is tried to review the significance and reality of the system for women welfare service and laws in Korea including the law for social welfare projects, related regulations on social welfare service, laws governing family and sexual violences that are aimed at assuring female human rights. It is also purported to investigate the appropriateness, efficiency and policies of such systems and compare them with those of advanced countries in an effort to seek proper direction for progress of welfare service system for women in Korea. Also, it is quite imperative to synthesize the legislation into one that deals with the welfare service for women who need care comprehensively instead of treating it independently by subject and, by so doing, to ensure efficiency in selection of subjects, appropriateness of payment, integration of delivery channel and financing in a bid to renew and renovate the system. It should be thus necessary to work out practical plans fit to the needs for welfare of women who are subjected to analysis in this paper in parallel with changing demand of our society for welfare under the new environment.

(1) 現行の産災保険制度の中、休業給付制度と関連し、2007年12月14日、産災保険法のすべての改正(2008.7.1．施行)が行われた。すなわち、部分休業給付、低所得労働者の休業給付、高齢者の休業給付、再療養期間中の休業給付制度を導入した。しかし、休業給付は、依然として様々なモラルハザード現象、災害労働者の再活と職場復帰を誘導することができる制度的なインフラの不備などで次第に長期化している。しかも、休業給付は受給年齢に制限がない上、労働能力喪失程度と関係なく支給され、在職労働者との衡平性にも会わない。従って、業務上の傷病による療養が長期化する休業給付を制度的に改善する必要性があることが分かる。 (2) 議論の順番は、まず実態分析のための休業給付の支給現況の分析で休業給付の支給内訳と支給額の推移、休業給付の支給総額の推移及び休業給付が産災保険給付の種類に占める割合を見ていく。また、産災保険制度の意義及び産災保険受給権の法的性格を整理し、かつ、休業給付制度の変遷過程を考察する。そして、現行の休業給付の意義、支給要件、種類、行政的な処理手続きなどをそれぞれ考える。最後の結論として、上記の内容を要約及び整理しながら、政策的な課題を提示する。 (3) 本稿を通じて、産災保険の休業給付に対し、療養期間の長短による休業給付支給率の差等を置く方策、就業年齢以上の高齢者の休業給付支給と中断制度に対する研究が必要である。ひいては、無所得者などの療養の際、休業給付の支給問題に対する検討が必要である。

Depending on whether the notice for payment about the premium of the national pension scheme is an administrative measure for assessment or not, it is decided that a taxpayer can litigate about existence and the number of premium of the obligation of payment against the National Pension Service(NPS). The constitutional court ruled that the notice for payment can be explained into three different ways. Firstly, the notice is not an administrative measure for assessment, but that for collection. This point came from the NPS. Secondly, although the notice is an administrative for assessment and collection, as it is a post-measure, the taxpayer should litigate in pre-measure procedure, not post-measure procedure. This opinion came from the administration office for national health and welfare. Lastly, the notice is an administrative measure, therefore, the taxpayer can litigate it against the notice of NPS. This assertion came from the taxpayer who claimed the right of refunding the premium to the court. I support the last one. It is reasonable and excellent for helping the taxpayers claim the right of refunding easily. It is justified on the principal of existing the sovereignty in people constitutionally. The boundary of social security tax is the part of unexplored field. Specially, the procedure law of social security tax is so severe that the opinions of NPS and administration office can be accepted easily, but that of taxpayer can't be accepted by the court. Because the premium of social security tax is usually not much than income tax, the taxpayer can't litigate it with heavy load such as money and spending time without hesitation. I wonder that the right of taxpayer is decreased in the area of social security tax. I hope the scholars and the practical officers have the attitude of increasing the right of taxpayer.