Earticle

The chemicals are PEG and sucrose, which have been conventionally used for the treatment of waterlogged wood. The present investigation was undertaken in order to reveal difference of the impregnation between the chemicals, but also to contribute to the explanation of the chemicals penetration process and distribution within wood structure. Comparable observation concerning the deposits shapes of chemicals after treatment, PEG4000 penetrated samples were occurred at the cell wall shrinkage and cracks, whereas the majority of the cells and lumens were entirely filled with a crystalline structure. Sucrose penetrated samples remained almost like sound wood, although the penetration ristricted only the cell walls was filled by amorphous structure.

This study was carried out of the historical characters and textile coservations for Mrs. Danha Lee's Wonsam. As the textile material was silk, dry cleaning method was suggested. The solvents for dry cleaning were n-hexane, n-decane, and benzene. During the second cleaning process, the dry soap(HI-TECH, 120:1, volume ratio) was added to the mixed solvents. The reaction's temparature was , and the reaction's time was 30 minuutes. It seemed to be a gift for hot from the Royal Family because of the attachment of pheonlx hungbae. This wonsam was decorated symmetrically by gold weaving yarn, the basic fabric was green silk satin with glorius letters and floral patterns. It was made on the 17th C and the oldest thing among them.

The essential point to be considered when restoring lacquered ware is to know its materials and properties, and prior studios from the conservational and scientific examination is the way to achieve it. Recently, to get a close examination of its materials and methods involved in lacquered ware making, cross section microscope studies are being applied. Cross section microscope studies shows that lacquering process has been simplified and that bone and earth substances have been added to the materials, a method also traced from the lacquered wooden coffin excavated from the 'Nak Rang Tomb' and by the lacquered wares of the 'Kyongjoo An Ap' areas. The significance of this Chosun Dynasty lacquered wares's inlaid with mother-of pearl restoration can be found in that we have been able to harmonize the very traditional and the very modern scientific method of our time and that we were able to launch a step forward from using only the synthetics to open up a new range of natural materials such as lacquers, bone and earth substances, oxhide-glue and nacres and of referring to the traditional methods.

We propose a new method to remove salts that have permeated into excavated metal objects. This method cleans the excavated metal objects by using high temperature, high pressure deoxvgenated water containing inhibitors for corrosion of metals. The method greatly reduces the washing time compared with previous methods. Waste water from the method does not need treatment, nor do chemicals need to be removed from the metal objects. Furthermore, this method is applicable to some kind of metals(for example iron objects, bronze objects). We measured quantitatively the soluble salts dissolved from actual metal objects and found that there was a large difference between soluble chloride ions and sulfate ions.

Silk fibers excavated at Fujinoki mounted tomb, Shimoikeyana mounted tomb and Kuriyama site were examined using FT-IR microscope and two peaks called amide I and II present in modern silk fibers were compared with those of excavated fibers. It was found that amide ground in a polymer molecule decreased with the progress of degradation and peak intensity of amide group in infrared spectrum decreased correspondingly. The advantages of FT-IR microscopy for the analysis of organic remains in archaeological view point were evaluated and it was concluded that the systematic investigation of spectral change due to the degradation of respective material is essential.

This paper deals with the restoration of ancient wooden bridge foundation which excavated in Seta river Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Shiga Archeological Research started a marine archeological investigation of the bridge foundation in 1987. The bridge foundation stricture excavated and have since then recovered about a lots of woods and another materials. The bridge foundation structure constructed log, timbers and stones. The species of those waterlogged wood were identified as two types, hardwood and softwood. Hardwood(log : Cyclobalanopsis) was used for below foundation and softwood (timber' Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl. Cupreessaceae) was used for base structure. One of those timber sample dated by dendrochronology, we asked Dr. Misutani*. The softwood gave a felling date of 567 A.D. In result, the ancient Seta bridge foundation structure had constructed between Asuka and Nara period. We healed the news that ancient bridge foundation excavated at Woljyongyo site in Kyongju, Korea 1987. The bridge foundation Setakarahashi is similar in plane and structure to Woljyongyo structures. The Woljyongyo site report had be of value for reference. We had planning to restore those woods. Hardwood log was got serious damage. The water content varies from 400 to . The other timbers water content varies about . In the Shiga Center for Archaeological Operations and the Azuchi Castle Archaeological Museum, we set up the PEG impregnation tank. Those wooden objects treated by PEG method. PEG with a molecular weight of 4000. The treatment results may be considered satisfactory. The ancient wooden Seta bridge was reconstructed in Biwako Museum which established in Oct. 1996. We must take care of indoor exhibition environments. (*Nara National Cultual Properties Research Institute).

Korean Paintings have been drawn on in the main two types of support material - paper and silk. In these things, silk designates picture silk, that of a specially weaved textile for painting since CHO-SUN dynasty, different such as hemp, ramie have been started to use for support material In addition to picture silk. However the structure of hemp and ramie are so close and progue, They are not proper to express the technique of pigments on the back of the paintings. On the other hand, picture silk is efficacious in pigments on the back of the painting with its interval between the strands and translucent textile. As the result, paintings on the silk has many - sided techniques as compared with painting on the papers therfore various devices in conservation have to be considered to deal with the techniques. In this report the focus is on classifying the method of removing the Lining paper according to the several types of expression technique of paintings on the silk.

Works on biodeterioration performed at domestic museums were surveyed through questionary data made by each museum to find fumigation practices conducted at around twenty domestic museums and to review relevant activities of each museum concerned. Through reported data in literatures, major works on biodeterioration done at some international museums (Two in Japan, three in N. America, four in Europe, and five in 5. East Asian Region) were reviewed to characterize and evaluate features of the work performed at each museum and relevant activities at these museums were also Introduced in details.