Earticle

This study focused on the reconstructional point of Shinan ship-wreck that was excavated between . The wreck, which might be sunk in the beginning of the 14th century, is regarded as a vessel of Yuan dynasty, China. This paper tried to find out some structural characteristics and principal dimensions for restoration. The Shinan shipwreck's structural characteristics are summarized as follow, 1) The Shinan shipwreck is formed V-shaped cross section with bar keel, 2) The vessel is divided 8 holds by 7 bulkheads. 3) The ship has flat type stem and transome stern. 4) A rabbeted clinker -built is basically adopted on planking joint. 5) A wooden sheathing, which means a sort of protecting board against marine insects, is covered outside of the main hull, 6) For making an watertight structure, oakum and lime mixtured t'ung-oil are used along the seam of planking and bulkhead. 7) A V-shaped deep water-way exists at both deck side. 8) The shipwreck is believed to have 2 masts at least. 9) The shiptimbers are classified as Chinese Red Pine(Pinus Massonina) which is mainly grown in the southern part of China. Considering as mentioned above the structural characteristics, Shinan ship-wreck could be classified as Chinese Fu-chuan type(복선형) of sea-going ship. The Shinan ship's principal dimensions which are calculated on the basis of Chinese traditional shipbuilding custom, are as follow, Length overall(L.O.A). : 34.80m Length water line(L.W.L) : 24.90m Breadth(B.max.) : 11m Breadth(B) : 10m Depth at keel line(H) : 3.75m Draft(D). : 3.15m Freeboard(F) : 0.65m Ratio, length/breadth(L/B). : 2.26 Ration, breadth/depth(B/D) : 3.5 Height of stem : 7m Height of stern : 10m Displacement : ab.340ton.

Stone-monuments, distributed in this area, have been investigated and studied on the characteristics and the rock phases in the geological and conservational points of view. Most of them may have been built from the end of the Shilla Kingdom to the Koryeo Kingdom, which are based on the typical characteristics of the form. The used rocks in these monuments are mainly biotite granite of the Jurassic age which is widely distributed around the area. Black slate and marbles are also used in some monuments, which may be obtained from other areas. The biotite granite of massive and coarse texture contains often inclusions of biotite aggregates or fragments of dioritic rock phase. However, the biotite granite in the area may be very weak to the chemical weathering so that irregular rock surface shows generally relief. The irregular relief is mainly due to different relative degree on the chemical weathering according to the kind of minerals especially quartz, feldspar and biotite. The chemical weathering is also influenced by organisms. For conservation, they must be scientifically considered based on the characteristics, kind of the rock phase, factors on the weathering process, situation in situ or being transported, and protection.

This study was carried out to investigate the papermaking characteristics for New Hanji (Korean Paper) products from paper mulberries by new pulping processes. So far wood ash extractives or NaOH only have been used for cooking chemicals at the atmospheric condition. Also bast fibers only have been used as raw materials for Hanji, In this study, as the alternatives to the conventional cooking, alkali, alkali-peroxide and sulfomethylated cookings were applied at the pressurized condition for Hanji pulping, Also bast fibers, woody parts and whole woods are attempting for being utilize as new raw materials for special Hanji. Anatomical and chemical properties of 3 paper mulberry species and their pulping characteristics were analyzed.

In order to establish the procedures for investigating environmental influences to wooden cultural property, existing study data were surveyed and necessary steps for performing the investigation works were presented to be applied for the future works in this country. Environmental factors which influence to the conservation of wooden cultural property should first be studied for items concerned with their damage situations. On basis of these data, laboratory works to yield the standard value for each factor should be conducted by means of testing samples exposed under laboratory simulated environmental conditions. Outdoor measurements may be followed for samples exposed to the open air at the site of that property. These data may be compared with those of laboratory standard value and overall evaluation for the factor influencing mostly tn the damage status of that property may further be conducted. Referring data obtained in this investigation, necessary measures to be taken for conserving that property may be able to be established.

The living body consists of proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The above components are unstable to the change of circumstances ; thus ; when they are buried under the ground for a long time, they are disintegrated by physical effects such as pressure, water etc. However, it was recently reported that the part of the components of living body, especially fat thought in small guantity, remained in a relative stable state for many milleniuns. In addition, turned out that the structure of the composition of the fatty acid and sterol is different according to their species. For example, the plants - rice, barley, bean - and the animals - (togs, cow, pig, fish - have different structure of fat. Residual fat analysis is a research in the chemical composition of fat vemained in archaeological evidences on the basis of chemical structural differences as mentioned here in above. This paper introduces the residual fat analysis of archaeological evidences practical in Japan.