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The purpose of this study is to determine structural relations between CRM , customer satisfaction, switching cost, customer loyalty in the beauty service industry. For this purpose, this study drew research models and 4 hypotheses to determine causal relations between them from literature review. The specific results of the empirical analysis can be summarized as follows: First, among CRM factors, the higher perception customers had of 'customer contact' and 'reliability service', 'differential management' the higher customer satisfaction; Among CRM factors, however, 'tangible compensation' and 'IT environment' failed to exert significant effects on any of customer satisfaction. Second, the higher customer satisfaction; the higher switching cost; Third, the higher switching cost and customer satisfaction, the higher customer loyalty. On the basis of these results, several suggestions can be presented as follows: First, since differential management, customer contact, and reliable service exerted significant effects on customer satisfaction, these factors were found to be important in making customers reuse and produce positive word-of-mouth effects. Second, since customer satisfaction had the greatest effects on customer loyalty, education and steady management are necessary for managers and employees in the beauty service industry to do activities based on close contact with customers, differential management, and employees' reliability in addition to provision of simple information and satisfactory aesthetic production. Third, differential management, customer contact, and reliable service exerting significant effects on customer loyalty ultimately depend on the quality and efforts of employees, who are the most central human resources in the beauty service industry. Therefore, it is implied that beauty service managers can perceive the need of compensation, education, and benefits to improve loyalty among employees as well as general management in order to improve management performance.

This study aims to examine the relationship between club activity and department satisfaction of beautician department students on college. For the this study, survey method was conducted to educational college students who were sampled by purposive sampling for the achievement of objective, the results statistically processed of 257 valid samples are as follows. The results showed that at first, makeup club have higher than other clubs on major intensive education, the students of major satisfaction. Second, major club participation level is related major intensive education, preparation getting job education, satisfaction on major, self development, satisfaction on peer-relations. Third, satisfaction on major club activity is related satisfaction on department.

The fermented products participate in digestion and metabolism through the absorption from skin and oral consumption. The detox solid soaps through fermentation can be produced with less preservatives and oxidants because the storage is easy. This study examined the effect on the body of the skin absorption in the use of the detox soap with the beneficial organisms that was produced by inducing the growth of the beneficial organisms in the culture for 3 years to 1 month depending on the material of the Chinese herbs into solid soaps and studied the contents of the skin beautifying and health effects in the body. In the case of the facial use, the general management and focused management groups were separated for 6 weeks to examine the elasticity, moisture, curvature, flakes, pores, and spots of the skin and both groups showed statistically significant results to help the improvement of the skin condition. In the changes of the weight, BMI, body fat, abdominal fat rates through the overall body management, the general management showed no statistically significant result but the focused management showed significant results in body fat and abdominal fat, which showed that the focused overall body management using the detox soap is effective. As the use of the soap connected to the fermented science is generalized, we hope the soap as the product of advanced fermentation technology of Korea expands to the world.

The operational context of the beauty industry is changing, as the structure of the economy in 21st century is shifting to one that is heavily service industry centered. Therefore, a system of certification of the service quality is envisaged to become an important reference in terms of the communication with the customers and gaining their trust in the marketing division of the beauty industry. Therefore, it could be said that there is an urgent need for a study focused on this matter. In this study, an examination was made on the various certification systems in and outside of Korea with a view to study the method in which the service certification system could be utilized in the beauty industry, especially with a focus on the esthetic spa. Also, in order to enhance the overall service quality of the industry, a systematic, and rational certification criteria was to be developed, by making suggestions that cover the general aspects of the system and potential problems in operating it, with an attempt to present some measures for improvements. In order to design the service quality certification system for beauty services, it is necessary to adopt certification criteria from external disciplines for comparison and measurements in order to construct the service factors and standard index for the certification system. With this, discussions on how to establish such a system and what kind of preparations, as well as processes to be taken exist. At this point, there is a need for the industry to change and progress into a higher phase in terms of their existing operation approaches of esthetic salons, which needs to be changed or progressed into that of an esthetic spa. Therefore, there needs to be a government initiated efforts that invites the academic sphere and the commercial sector, as well as the relevant experts, to study how to establish such a certification system for the beauty service quality.

This study was designed in order to examine causality by dyadic relationship targeting employees, who are engaged in beauty service business, and customers, who received service from the employees. The aim was first to clarify influence of employees' job characteristic upon job satisfaction and service commitment targeting employees, and then to examine influence of employees' service commitment upon service quality and customer behavior targeting customers. Examining the findings, all of functionality, importance, and autonomy, which are 3 elements in job characteristic, were indicated to have positive influential relationship upon job satisfaction. Also, even in relationship between job satisfaction and service commitment, the positive influence was confirmed. And, even in relationship between service commitment and service quality targeting customers, all of reliability, sympathy, typology, correspondence, and guarantee, which are 5 elements in service quality, were indicated to have positive influence. Even in relationship between service quality and customer behavior, all of five characteristics in service quality were confirmed to have positive influence upon customer behavior.

The purpose of this research is to provide not only the preliminary data related to Korean beauty school education but also the reference materials to find the desirable direction of progressing in the curriculums of the country's beauty high schools. Based on the current scope of our beauty designer training and education system enforced by the 7th Educational Curriculum Revision in 2007 and Public health Law, this study investigated the educational conditions of 47 domestic beauty high schools by region and by type and the available beauty courses of 34 schools. The result of the research shows that, as for region, the capital area and Busan & Kyungsangnam-do area have more beauty high schools than other areas and that, as for type, vocational high schools take the most portion. The beauty course distribution chart indicates that hair design section is ranked 1st in the number of available courses, skin care section ranked 2nd, makeup section ranked 3rd and public health section ranked 4th, showing that the current curriculums of domestic beauty high schools are concentrated in hair design courses.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of abdominal meridian massage with combination including capsaicin upon body composition and temperature of skin for 24 obese women. Twelve women were assigned to experiment group, twelve women to control group. The subjects participated in abdominal meridian massage for 6 weeks. The experiment group was conducted to do abdominal meridian massage with combination including capsaicin while the control group was conducted to do it with massage cream for 2 times in a week. The results of this study were as follows : Experiment group showed bigger tendency of decrease than control group in change of weight, BMI, fat mass, fat ratio and waist circumference. The average body weight decreased significantly by 2.45kg(p<.001) from the pretest level of 64.02kg to 61.57kg and the upper-waist circumference decreased significantly by 3.25cm(p<.001). Experiment group showed significant difference than control group in change of temperature of abdominal skin by 9.39%(p<.001) from the pretest level of 30.33℃ to 33.18℃. In conclusion, the abdominal meridian massage with combination including capsaicin had a positive effect on obese women's body composition, waist circumference and the temperature of abdominal skin and it can be applied as a nursing intervention to decrease the abdominal obesity.

Recently, beauty therapy’s education value is rapidly increasing in Korea. It includes Foundation, Bachelor, Master and Ph. D courses. However, the curriculum differs depending on the level. This study aims at suggesting the fundamental data in establishing the academic identity of beauty therapy by comparing the curricula between Korea and the UK. This data collected via the university website and the catalogs, therefore it may limitation of study. In the Korean education system, beauty therapy at college level gives students the basic skills. Whilst there are many similarities between college and degree level students, at degree level, students build on their basic skills by learning in depth methods as well as the theories. Many further education institutes offer a variety of course names however fundamentally they all have the same curriculum regardless of the title. In the UK, beauty therapy has fixed levels ranging from 1-6 (levels 5-6 are higher education). British students have the opportunity to study both business and marketing, as this is a main focus of their education. Below level 4 is further education, which includes all qualifications below degree level – often including more choice and more practical subjects. But each British colleges use different curriculum depends on what is the course’s title. In this analysis of the South Korean and the UK curriculum of beauty therapy I hope that it will positively effect new curriculums in Korea.

Recently, naturalism and consumers' need for natural ingredients tallied each other and the development of the cosmetics that use herbal ingredients as the raw materials is increasing. There has been no clear definition about Korean herbal cosmetics yet, but it is recognized to consumers as the distinguished cosmetics from the existing cosmetics. This study is based on the hypothesis that the difference between herbal cosmetics and general cosmetics is the oriental medical prescription. As for the research method, 5 brands ranked from top to 5th, in the term market share in 2010, were selected and then whether or not the prescription announced by each brand, is based on oriental medicine books, has been comparatively analyzed. In addition, whether or not general consumers aware the prescription of Korean herbal cosmetics and reliability analysis, and the effect of herbal cosmetics on skin improvement have been investigated through the survey analysis. As a result, the prescription of 4 brands out of 5 was not based on oriental medicine books. It is considered that the companies indiscriminately use the items of Korean herbal cosmetics for marketing purposes because there is no clear definition about Korean herbal cosmetics. Korean herbal cosmetics already have been positioned as the representative of Korean brands. It is important to aim at the scientific product based on oriental herb medicine in order to enhance the industrial value.

The purpose of this study is to review the level of harmony according to changes in eye-shadow color, cheek color and their tones and to discover clues to the harmony of make-up colors affecting the perception of the sense of harmony. We research this theme making experiment of women's college 20-23 aged students. Then, we made the study by changing the tones of eye-shadow colors involving Yellow-red, blue and purple all of which are employ as stimulants and researched the tones changed into vivid, light, dull, and pale respectively. It is found that Red cheek color with pale tone is best matched to Yellow-red eye-shadow color with light and pale tone. Also, Pale tone yellow-red cheek color best matches Pale tone and Light tone Yellow-red eye-shadow colors are good harmony Therefore make up by using the same hue is more harmonious than using contrast hue.

Recently, manual therapy has been used much in the spots of skin beauty industry for effective obesity management. This manual therapy can be operated without side effects. So, the purpose of this study is to conduct back and abdominal management program using manual therapy, and so obtain the basic data for providing systematical and effective services to obesity management. For this purpose, this study selected the experimental subjects of 28 obese women, who resided in Iksan city, Jeollabuk-do, and were in their twenties and thirties, and had the body mass index(BMI) over 25kg/m2. On such experimental subjects, this study conducted back and abdominal manual therapy 3 times per week during 5 weeks, that is, 15 times in total. This study investigated body composition, plasma hormones, and after manual therapy. This study chose 12 experimental subjects who were the highest in order in body mass index, and so observed the change of their visceral fat. The results of this study are as follows. 1, Before and after managing the experimental subjects, weight, body fat, body fat percentage, left arm body fat, right arm body fat, and trunk body fat decreased significantly(p<.0001), but WHR(Waist Hip Ratio) showed no significant difference. 2, In the change of plasma hormones before and after managing the experimental subjects, Cortisol and Epinephrine decreased, but showed no significant difference. Norepinephrine and Dopamine decreased significantly(p<.003). 4. In measuring with CT the change of fat area and fat thickness for 12 experimental subjects, total abdominal fat area, fat thickness, and subcutaneous fat area tended to decrease slightly, but showed no significant difference.

The purpose of this dissertation was to compare the beautician national licensing system in South Korea with Germany and the United Kingdom. In comparison with Germany and the United Kingdom, the history of the Korean beautician national licensing system has been started since October 2008, and there are several points to be improved. First, the description of the tasks and requirements as a beautician should be more specific indicated. Second, the term ‘massage' should be allowed to use in the beautician licensing exam besides the new term ‘manual technic', as it is an international current word and worldwide used in beauty related educational institutions, courses and teaching materials. Third, the practical examination subject regarding manual lymphatic skin care should be more promoted to be used in the workplace. In general, Korean tend to prefer beauty treatments with strong pressure, and as manual lymphatic drainage is performed with slow motion and soft effleurage it is rarely done at the work place. Enhancing the applicability of manual lymphatic skin care is necessary as it should not only selected as a practical examination but practiced in work, and this should be reinforced through more education in educational institutions and courses. Fourth, level classification may be necessary for the specialization of the beautician national licensing system.

Corporate C.I. comes to a modern society is very important maketing indispensable element has emerged as a long time. But in the meantime, C.I. Design Group, owner and board of directors of the personal tastes and to meet the needs of this client group of designers with the sensory output is going to progress the majority of cases. As a result, now CI is flooding the like this CI differentiated in the market rather than Free design is hard to find. In this study, with only a glance the general shape looks good design goes beyond the concept of human hearing, many consumers complain more aggressively, and thereby the company, or national franchise company, Aesthetic MIPL more positive image that could lead to favorable out of the elements to develop a rising trend. Leading franchise businesses both domestically aesthetic study MIPL was selected for the experiment, MIPL companies included in the cross-matching the color that is consonant with mium(ㅁ), pieup(ㅍ), rieul(ㄹ) color reminded of G (green), PB (Purple Blue ), Y (yellow), the creation and the three color of CI, 20-year-old male and female were 68 of people on a preference survey.

The purpose of this study is to understand women's choice for cosmetics toward socio-economic status and life style. A survey was conducted among a random sample of 147 over the age of 20 in Seoul and Kyunggi area and the questionaries were filled by themselves. To process the data, χ²-test was performed using SPSS, a statistics program, and logistic regression and discriminant analysis were carried out as well. All of statistical significance was at p<.05, p<.01 and the results are as follows. There are different on life style toward age, marriage, monthly income. Monthly income, education level, married, job are affected open-mind life style. Age is affected self-ostentation life style, motivated ability life style Unmarried is affected self-ostentation life style, open-mind life style. As increasing monthly income is affected motivated ability life style. On women's choice for cosmetics toward life style, there are different open-mind life style, motivated appearance life style and desire for beauty life style toward price.

The purpose of this study is to grasp correlation between internal marketing and job satisfaction & organizational commitment through empirical research, and is to suggest marketing direction of beauty service. From this perspective, this study examined which influence the internal marketing of beauty service industry has upon frontline employees' job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The results of this study are as follows. First, according to the influence of educational training, compensation system, and internal communication, which are internal marketing factors of beauty service industry, upon job satisfaction, the educational training(B=.143, p<.001), compensation system(B=.286, p<.001), and internal communication(B=.338, p<.001) were indicated to have significant influence upon job satisfaction in frontline employees of beauty service industry. Second, according to the influence of job satisfaction in frontline employees of beauty service industry upon organizational commitment, the job satisfaction was indicated to have influence upon organizational commitment(B=.764, p<.001). Based on the above results, the offer of the frontline employees' educational training, compensation system, and internal communication needs to be necessarily said to be important element in order to be led possibly to service quality toward customers through job satisfaction and further organizational commitment in frontline employees of beauty service industry. Also, when aiming to positively change behavior of frontline employees for beauty service industry, the results of this study are considered to be possibly used helpfully. Frontline employees' organizational commitment will come to have great influence upon long-term corporate performance.

To select highly qualified teaching staff is important because it influences not only the quality of teachers but also the quality of education in Korea. Teachers have a great responsibility which they must develop future leader who lead our society. Therefore the teacher recruitment examination for secondary school is crucial to select right people for the position. But the teacher recruitment examination for secondary school has only contributed to fulfilling the quantitative supplies not improvement of teachers' professional qualifications and ability. Beauty Science in teacher recuruitment examination for secondary schools should be valid, highly district and reliable to determine their qualifications and abilities. According to this, the purpose of this study is to find out the problems of the teacher recruitment examination for secondary school and to suggest the improvements of the test. So teachers-to-be who are preparing for the test will have necessary information and the test will be worthy of public trust. The conclusion summarized about this study are below: First, the total score ratio of Beauty Science Education Discipline item equated to the total score ratio which Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation suggested Second, analyzed items according to evaluation field and evaluation content factors were fluid and unstable. Analyzed each items totally after classified them into evaluation content factors which Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation suggested, most of them were not level of 'complex knowledge or comprehention' but 'simple knowledge or memory'.

Objectives : The aim of this study was to develop a more simple and convenient manufacturing method of Rehmanniae radix Preparata without benzopyrene content than the traditional 9-times steaming process. Methods : The Rehmanniae radix was steammed to various times at 120℃ under high pressure. The contents of benzopyrene which was known as a tumor promoting agent were analysed. Also, the contents of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) which was known as standard compound in Rehmanniae radix Preparata were analysed. The antioxidant activities of Rehmanniae radix Preparata were evaluated for radical scavenging activity against stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitrite radical, and superoxide anion radical. In addition the antioxidant activities of Rehmanniae radix Preparata against peroxyl radicals and hydroxyl radicals were determined by the total oxy-radical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay. Results : The contents of benzopyrene and 5-HMF were gradually increased with increasing steaming time at 120℃ under high pressure. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of Rehmanniae radix Preparata were increased with increasing steaming times. Conclusions : Based on the present results, it can be suggested that the 2-4 hr steaming at 120℃ under high pressure is the most optimal processing condition and Rehmanniae radix Preparata can be useful to develop functional food against oxidative stress conditions.

In this study, we carried out an experimentation with twelve college girl students for two weeks in the swimming pool of a condominium in Sokcho area. Ten times of experiment were made from November 29th to December 10th 2010 excepting weekends. In order to gauge the stress relieving effect of Watsu, density of salivary cortisol, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure before and after watsu application were measured and analyzed in accordance with the three time periods, that is, before the experiment, five days after the experiment, and 10 days after the experiment. The following results were drawn from the experiment. 1. Change in the density of salivary cortisol before and after Watsu application was decreased and the degree of decrease was on the rise in a piecemeal way, which is supported by statistical significance. 2. In the comparison of the highest systolic blood pressure before and after the application of Watsu, gradual decreasing of the blood pressure was observed and supported by statistical significance. 3. Of the lowest diastolic blood pressure, no striking change was observed and statistical number was negligible.

This study tried to investigate factors which affect continuance intention for users focused on goods of shops related to beauty/ cosmetic such as beauty shop, skin care shop, massage shop etc. among goods sold on social shopping site where discount over half is applied. This study tested influences of characteristics of social shopping(perceived price, perceived reputation, system quality, information quality, service quality) on expectation-confirmation, and influences of expectation-confirmation with the mediation of user's satisfaction on continuance intention for use. The subjects were 267 respondents. As a result of test, perceived price, perceived reputation, information quality, service quality gave positive influences on expectation-confirmation. Expectation-confirmation gave positive influences on user's satisfaction. User's satisfaction gave positive influences on continuance intention for use of the site but did not affect continuance intention for use of the shops related. And it appeared that continuance intention for use of the site did not affect continuance intention for use of the shops related.

The aim of this study was experiment which proves the effect on facial volume downsizing when Periosteum and Myofacial Massage was treated. The experiment had been treated for 10 weeks, 20 times per a week with 12 volunteers in her 20's and 30's as a treatment for facial contouring. The effects of Periosteum and Myofacial Massage are evaluated by performing 3D laser scans before and 10 weeks after Periosteum and Myofacial Massage. The mean value of the volume differed significantly before and 10 weeks after the Periosteum and Myofacial Massage. The mean values of the volume were 530.88 ㎣ less, respectively, 10 weeks after the Periosteum and Myofacial Massage than before. And the mean value of right volum were 57.25㎣ less than left volum.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effects of relationship marketing in esthetic material wholesaler and esthetic shop relationships. This study developed constructs of relationship marketing were composed of period of trade, implementation of contract, communication and power. And parameter was indicated as satisfaction and long-term relationship orientation was presented as consequence variable. For a more realistic approach, empirical research was conducted on esthetic shop which located in Daegu, and Kyungbuk region. 192 samples were used for this analysis. The results of the empirical research can be summarized as follows : First, it was found that period of trade positively didn't affect satisfaction.Second, it was found that implementation of contract positively affected satisfaction. Third, it was found that communication positively affected satisfaction. Forth, it was found that power positively affected satisfaction. Fifth, it was found that satisfaction positively affected long-term relationship orientation

The purpose of this study were to investigate the differences of skin satisfaction and management attitude for skin according to age and skin type. The method of the study was survey research by using questionnaire. The subjects of this study were 325 adult women. The results of this study were as follows. Age and skin type had significant relation; 20s had more oily skins than 30s and 40s; 30s and 40s had more dry skin type; 20s had more combined skin type; and 30s and 40s had more normal type. 20s perceived the necessity of skin care shops more than 30s and 40s. 20s were less satisfied with skin pores and acne on skin, than 30s and 40s; and all of them were satisfied with skin elasticity. With respect to the satisfaction for skin, depending on skin type, there were significant differences in skin color, elasticity, pores, and acne. Taken together the results as above, women in their 20s - 40s, perceived well about their skins, and women in their 20s had more positive attitude about skin care, than 30s and 40s. Based on these results, development of differentiated skin care programs and cosmetics that considered the age and skin type is need.