Earticle

The purpose of the study is comparing changes of abdominal temperature of middle-aged women between treatment and non-treatment abdominal and back meridian massage. The objects were middle-aged women who complain of frozen abdominal and abdominal obesity. The results were as followed: In the abdominal and back meridian massage group, the left(p<.001)/right(p<.01) abdominal temperature was increased significantly and the temperature difference between left and right abdominal was decreased significantly(p<.05). There was no significant difference found before and after the treatment in control group.

In this study the effects of the wheat flour, Egg White and straight permanent cream on hair damage was comparative analyze when performed in straight permanent. In hair thickness and tensile strength were observed cuticle surface, microbial amount, red spots index and the state of the scalp dead skin cells by observing the degree damage of the scalp were analyzed. In thickness and tensile strength of hair permanent product + egg white group, permanent product+ flour group, straight permanent group was greater reduction rate in the order. After permanent hair straight application, the cuticle of hair was observed with intervals of cuticle epidermal scales was observed in state of fall off. The color of the scalp red spots and small amount of microorganisms present in the permanent product + egg white group, permanent product + flour group, straight permanent group were increased in the order. Also, after the straight permanent application of the scalp exfoliating dead skin lifting of the state observed phenomena, delamination was observed. Large and little scale was distributed irregularly.

This study was to investigate the ethanol extracts of Morus alba on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis. In the present study , we examined the effects of Morus alba ethanol extract on mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro, on SK-MEL-2 cell tyrosinase activity , melanin contents, expression of melanogenic enzyme proteins including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein1(TRP-1) and and tyrosinase-related protein2(TRP-2). Mushroom tyrosinase activity of dose dependant and about 75% at concentration of 400 ㎍/㎖. Morus alba ethanol extracts reduced melanin contents of SK-MEL-2 melanoma cella in a dose dependant manner and decreased to about 83.2% at a cocentration of 100 ㎍/㎖ without cell cytotoxicity(below 100 ㎍/㎖) and intracellular tyrosinase activity about 54.2% at concentration of 100 ㎍/㎖. Morus alba ethanol extracts inhibited tyrosinase and TRP-2 expression at protein level. These results suggest that Morus alba ethanol extracts reduced melanin formation by the inhibitied of tyrosinase activity and expression in SK-MEL-2 melanoma cells. Therefor, we confirmation that Morus alba ethanol extracts could be used as a useful whitening agent.

U-learning, which is based on ubiquitous learning environment, is a more creative and more individually suited learning model that the learner can study anytime and/or anywhere. The project-based learning using ubiquitous environment is the use of in-depth and rigorous classroom projects to facilitate learning and assess student competence. Project-based learning needs to allow students to not only make real life connections but also implement decision making skills, interacting with others, learning and applying new techniques. To provide individually suited skin-care services to customers, it is essential that the estheticians get enough experiences and new techniques through field practice. To meet the demand of the customers, the esthetitian might acquire the latest techniques through u-learning. In this study, u-learning based project teaching and learning model, which may be able to conduct education that meet for demander's request in these days, are suggested. From Skin Care subject, the unit-The skin care theory and practice-is selected. Among the 3 chapters in this unit, the 1st chapter-The caring methods according to skin types-is applied to this teaching and learning model.

봉사학습이 학업성취도 및 학습동기에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 미용관련 학과에서의 봉사학습에 대한 교수 방법 및 프로그램 개발을 위해 기초자료 마련을 본 연구의 목적에 두었다. 전국의 미용관련 대학 및 대학교 134개의 미용관련학과 중 123개 학과에서 미용봉사를 실시하고 있었으며, 그 중 봉사과목이 학점으로 인정되는 학과는 63개, 학점으로 인정되지 않는 학과는 71개가 있었다. 또한 봉사과목이 학점으로 인정되는 총 63개 학과 중 전공과 관련 된 사회봉사를 실시하는 학과는 32개가 있었다. 이들 중 7개 학과에서는 봉사학습이 학과과목으로 지정되어 전공연계 봉사학습을 실시하고 있었으며 전공과 무관한 사회봉사과목 개설 학과는 24개가 존재 하였다. 봉사활동 참여 동기로는 ‘실기능력 향상과 나의 발전을 위해’가 가장 높은 빈도를 차지하였고 ,사전교육 경험 유무에서 사전교육을 받은 적이 있다는 45.6%의 응답자 중 교육이 봉사활동에 도움이 되었다고 답한 응답자가 87.8%로 높은 만족도를 보였다. 각 도별로 2개씩 임의로 선정한 학교의 재학생 305명 중 190명이 봉사학습이 필요하다고 답하였는데, 그 이유는 개인적 성장(자신감, 자기발견, 의사소통 기술, 타인과의 관계)이 51.1%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 봉사학습은 사회인이 되기 위해 준비하는 미용관련 학과 학생들에게 유용한 학습방법이다. 따라서 봉사와 학습 모두를 얻을 수 있는 효과적인 학습방법으로 전공연계 봉사학습에 대한 확대가 필요하며, 보다 체계적인 연구가 필요하다.

This article aims to empirically analyze how the customer satisfaction of equipment and service in a beauty salon effects on customer loyalty. To achieve this aim, we carry out a survey targeting under graduate students. The empirical data have been analyzed by T-test and logistic regression. There are the results that we have reached; First, There is an interrelationship between the customer loyalty and individual attributes(p<.05). Second, the group with customer loyalty is higher customer satisfaction rather than the group without customer loyalty(p<.05). Third, we confirm that the higher service and equipment satisfaction, the higher customer loyalty(p<.05). In other word, as a customer has the high service and equipment satisfaction, the customer loyalty becomes higher. From this result, we suggest that a beauty salon management should have definite strategies to secure regular customers who are amply satisfied with equipments and services of the salon. In the equipment aspect, they need to raise their brand images and make their salons clean. On the other hand, they need to raise the professionalism of their employes and provide services accurately and friendly in the service aspect.

This study aims to investigate what the concept and characteristics of Deconstruction is as a trend, and analyze the hair design of Deconstruction expression mode, and research that the change in male and female is expressed into Deconstruction image primarily in works that has been already presented at the moment. Research methods used for this study are as follows; This study makes analysis on basis of theoretical background of Deconstruction expressed in documentary records, and excerpts and analyzes the characteristics and types of Deconstruction hair design in the current works based on it. By use of qualitative analysis method, it analyzes a trend of hair design expression skills from the year 2000 up to recently, referring to photograph materials studied and selected on basis of translated documents and prior research magazines in and out of country and various kinds of information. It tries to help to design creative and unique hair design in the innovative way as getting out of the absolute value and fixed concept of modern society. Consequently, this study shows that I can understand Deconstruction expression mode presented in hair design, and perceive that social and cultural phenomenon have affected hair design. As the result of this study was accomplished on basis of current hair design, however, it has its limitation that those are consistent with a trend image. Every year the study to generalize Deconstruction expression mode presented in the works by groups proposing a trend of hair design should be continued.

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of different amino fruit acid(AFA; an α-hydroxy acid) peeling concentrations on the skin of women in their thirties, while suggesting an effective guideline of skin care that does not irritate the skin and does not disturb the everyday routine. Having reported in a previous study that women in their twenties and thirties have the most interest in chemical peeling, the authors divided 18 randomly selected women in their thirties into 3 groups; 6 women in the AFA 20% peeling group, 6 women in the AFA 30% peeling group, and 6 women in the AFA 40% peeling group. Chemical peeling was performed once a week for 6 weeks. Afterwards, the skin was measured to evaluate the differences before and after chemical peeling in sebum and hydration levels of the T and U zones, pigmentation, and fine wrinkles. Results showed that sebum and hydration levels of both T and U zones were improved in the AFA 40% peeling group. Pigmentation was significantly improved in all three groups, but showed the most improvement in the AFA 40% peeling group. Improvement of fine rhytides was also seen in all three groups, with the AFA 40% group being the most significantly improved. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the proper selection of AFA concentration by skin type can reduce skin irritation and provide a more effective means of skin care.

This research aims at surveying satisfaction for relieving menstrual pain of back and foot massage by using stone therapy on Korean women in their 20s. The control and the experimental groups had 10 participants each and the stone therapy was applied to the latter during 8 weeks (twice a week). The results of this research were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) WIN 17.0 program, the frequencies and the percentage were calculated to investigate demographics features of the participants, the frequency analysis was performed to understand knowledge on menstruation, menstrual pain, back and foot massages and the descriptive statistics analysis was implemented to investigate symptoms during menstruation. Also, the t-test was performed to compare before and after the back and foot massage and find out satisfaction. It was shown that the back and foot massage using the stone therapy were effective in relieving menstrual pains for women in their 20s.

This study is a clinical research in order to examine whether the sesame seed oil can have influence upon a change in skin condition even through a method of applying to the skin in a human body. This study targeted 24 adult women in their 40s~50s who were confirmed to have the dry skin condition. To examine a change in the skin condition, We made the the group carry out self-application everyday and take facial massage using sesame seed oil once a week, it carried out for 8 weeks. For the experiment, We divided subjects into 3 groups - applying sesame oil group, sesame-mineral oil group, and mineral oil group. and We measured the skin condition - sebum variance, moisture variance, change in keratin, pigmentation level - before and after the experiment. The results of this study are as follows;. Antioxidant ability in sesame seed oil was the higher level than mineral oil or jojoba oil, which is in common use for skin care. Skin condition has improved in mixed oil group and sesame oil group than mineral oil group. In the Research subjects' satisfaction after clinic, statistically significant difference was indicated in all items. In all items, the satisfaction of the group with mixed oil and the group with sesame seed oil was higher(p<0.05) compared to the group with mineral oil.

The purpose of this experiment was to study anti-stress of the personal fatigability, measurement of sleep, an emotion, satisfaction through an equipment of brainwave before and after the test for the two groups. The experiment group was applied an essential oil and the contrast group was applied carrier oil. This research has been performed from Feb.2 to Mar.1, 2011 to the two groups to study foot reflexology therapy. They were totally 16 in the age between 20 ~ 50. The foot reflexology therapy was performed to the contrast group which was only applied Jojoba and the experiment group was applied essential oil in the ratio of 1:1:1. The collected data were verified in attentive standard 5 % using SPSS WIN 16.0 Program and the concrete data analysis method showed the average differences between before the experiment and after it. And the statistics technique was responding sample T-verification. The result of after the foot reflexology therapy showed the meaningful differences in the personal fatigability and sleep Experimental group(p<.01), Control group(p<.000), an emotion(p<.05), satisfaction both the two groups. It also showed meaningful differences in anti stress through the equipment of brainwave in the two groups before and after experiments(***p<.000). These experiment show that the therapy is very effective in promoting health and more study is required.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the state of elderly women's skin care to their self-esteem and self-efficacy. The subjects in this study were 224 elderly women who were at the age of 60 and up. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the largest group of the elderly women continued to receive skincare service for one to less than three years, took one to less than one hour and a half, received it once a week, and spent 10 to less than 30 thousand won at a time. Many were contented with their own favorable changes in the skin, expressed satisfaction with the skincare service after they received it, and had a strong intention to keep using it. Second, those who received skincare service for one to three years, who took one to one hour and a half and who received it frequently had a higher self-esteem. And the elderly women who were more gratified with their favorable change in the skin and the effect of skincare service had a better self-esteem. Third, those who received skincare service for one to three years, who took one to one hour and a half, and spent 10 to 30 thousand won at a time and who received it frequently had a higher self-efficacy. The elderly women who were more gratified with their favorable change in the skin and the effect of skincare service had a better self-efficacy.

Due to higher living standards of beauty service customers and advanced information and technology, beauty service consumer are likely to have a higher level of knowledge about the service. Quality evaluation and service have more impact on the consumer recognition on information and selection for service, leading to diversifying selection of the service providers. The participants are beauty salon consumer and were asked to complete a total of 712(76.55%). The questionnaires were verified in terms of reliability and validity by using SPSS 12.0. Percentage, frequency analysis, regression analysis, t-test, and analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), Duncan test analysis. In conclusion, research shows that based upon understanding of the consumer beauty knowledge level, it is necessary to enhance understanding into quality assessment of consumer characteristics, including a beauty service quality evaluation and service improvement. Furthermore, beauty service providers should analyze quality service and degree of service improvement according to the consumer knowledge level as part of better understanding into the consumer and at the same time, need to establish strategies of service management promotion in order to increase consumer satisfaction.

The purposes of this study were to analyse the factors of shopping orientation of cosmeceuticals, to classify women consumers according to their shopping orientation of cosmeceuticals, and to investigate the differences in the level of satisfaction with cosmeceuticals among the groups classified according to their shopping orientation of cosmeceuticals. The study was implemented through a descriptive survey method using a questionnaire. Subjects were 1258 women in their 20's-60's residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Cronbach's α. The results of this study were as follows: 1)The shopping orientation of cosmeceuticals consisted of five factors; the impulse buying, brand loyalty, product characteristics, depending on information and planned purchase. 2)Respondents were classified into three groups according to their shopping orientation toward cosmeceuticals: the “Brand and product charateristics oriented shopper type," “resonable/enjoying shopping type," and “information oriented shopper type." 3) Significant differences were found in the level of satisfaction with whitening, sunscreen and anti-aging cosmetics according to consumer's shopping orientation toward cosmeceuticals.

This study extracted P. Rhizoma growing in Sunchonman Bay using heated water, ethanol and organic solvent and analysed cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity in order to its applicability as an acne cosmetic material. When the extract with 10.0 mg/mL in concentration was treated with Raw 264.7 cell, there was no toxicity found both in ethanol extract and heated water extract, and in particular, it was discovered that aqueous extract had the least toxicity. In respect to the antibacterial activity of P. Rhizoma, ethanol extract was better than heated water extract. Especially, antibacterial activity of S. epidermidis and P. acnes was higher than that of S. aureus and the extract showed a similar aspect. When five fractions of P. Rhizoma were treated with concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 mg/disc, the highest antibacterial activity was found in chloroform of S. aureus and ethylacetate of S. epidermidis and P. acnes. In respect to ethylacetate's antibacterial activity, a clear zone of similar size of Ampicillin 10㎍/㎖ was formed, it indicates that antibacterial activity was higher in fractions rather than heated water and ethanol extracts. Therefore, heated water extract and ethanol extract, fractions of P. Rhizoma have antibacterial activity of S. epidermidis and P. acnes, and in particular, as they have no cytotoxicity, it can be used for a material for acne cosmetic.

This study attempted to find the areas to advance through an analysis and prediction of the statuses of “cosmetics wholesalers,” “cosmetics and fragrance retail,” “hair salons and barbershops,” “massage parlors,” and “other beauty related service industry” among the domestic “service industry total investigation.” As shown in the results, the national industry of “cosmetics wholesaler (G46443) has increased by 29% in 11 years and the participants increased by 33% in 2005-009. The changes of the beauty industry showed that the hair salons had the greatest increase in all areas and the skin beauty also consistently increased, but it was the greatest in Jeju Island with 53%. The prospect of the beauty industry is that the expenditures in each family for haircuts will increase with 28.8% by 2015 and the sales in beauty industry are expected to grow by 52.8% compared to 2007. The predictions of expenditures of each family showed that the expenditures of the two people household will be the greatest.

The purpose of this study is the effect of male university students' body images on appearance management behaviors. The targeting subjects are 443 male university students who are attending universities located in Seoul and in the capital area. First, the body images of male university students are classified as 3 sub-factors such as satisfaction with the body, appearance-orientation and appearance evaluation. Second, appearance management behaviors are classified as 5 sub-factors such as hair style, skin care, body shape, fashion style, and cosmetic & plastic surgery management behaviors. Third, as a result of analyzing the effect of male university students' body images on appearance management behaviors, as the level of appearance orientation increases, the appearance management behavior is improved. As the level of appearance evaluation gets higher, skin care and cosmetic & plastic surgery management behaviors decrease. In case the level of the satisfaction with the body image increases, fashion style management behavior gets higher.

인체 피부는 매일 자외선에 노출되고 있다. 장시간 자외선의 노출은 밖으로 드러난 신체 부위의 피부 광노화를 일으킨다. 피부 광노화 현상은 중의학적 메커니즘과 복잡하게 연관되어 있다. 자외선의 파장, 조사 시간, 조사량 및 생리, 병리적, 직업은 광노화의 중요한 환경적 요인으로 비록 피부에만 나타나고 있지만, 병인(病因)은 체내의 음양실조(陰陽失調), 기혈진액(氣血津液)의 비정상적인 운행과 장부(臟腑)의 기능 활동 이상으로 인하여 발생하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 중의학적 메커니즘을 중심으로 살펴보면, 유전적 요인 혹은 건강하지 못한 피부가 외부로부터 자외선에 노출되면, 정허사실(正虛邪實)을 바탕으로 한 병리 변화가 발생한다. 정기의 허증(正虛)이라 함은 기혈휴허(氣血亏虛), 폐기부족(肺氣不足), 비신양허(脾腎兩虛)를 포함하고 있고, 사기의 실증(邪實)은 담탁(痰濁), 어혈(瘀血)을 위주로 한다. 그로 인해 장기간 피부에 영양을 공급해주지 못하면, 광노화 현상이 나타나게 되는 것이다. 본 논문은 피부 자외선으로 인한 손상 및 노화를 예방, 보호하고 심지어 피부암에도 매우 중요한 의의를 가진다. 현대의학은 피부 광노화에 대한 메커니즘을 이미 심도 있게 연구해왔다. 하지만 현재 광노화의 발병 기전(病機)에 대해 중의학적 이론이 명확히 기재되어 있는 것은 없다. 그러므로 고대 의학서적 연구와 임상을 접목시키고, 중의학적 이론 근거를 더욱 완전하게 다지기 위하여, 피부 광노화에 대한 중의학적 병인(病因), 병기(病機)에 대해 탐구하였다.

The purpose of this experiment is to observe differences in physical and mental stress, anti-stress, emotional quotient between before and after the experiment. This research was done by carrying out ear massage using jojoba oil to sixteen people, in total, who were four people in their 20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s, from april, 7th to april, 17th in 2011. The collected data was tested at 5% significance level adapting SPSS WIN 16.0 Program and the paired t-test of the statistical methods was used. Experiment results showed average differences between before and after the experiment. People in their 20s showed a remarkable difference in the area of physical stress in both the left and right brain. So did people in their 30s and 40s in the left brain. In contrast, the difference in their 50s between before and after the experiment was experimentally insignificant in both of the left and right brain. Difference of anti-stress change between before and after the experiment was experimentally significant in both of the left and right brain in all the groups. So was the difference of emotional quotient. In conclusion, people in their 20s, 30s and 40s showed remarkable difference of physical stress, while people in their 50s showed experimentally insignificant difference in both of the left and right brain. Differences of anti-stress change and emotional quotient between before and after the experiment was experimentally significant.

In this study, we carried out an experimentation with fourteen female college students for four weeks. Twenty times of experiment were made from April 1th to 30th 2011 excepting weekends. The results were as follows; 1. Constipation Severity Instrument after abdominal meridian massage was reduced, which was statistically significant(p<0.0001). 2. Body fat after abdominal meridian massage was reduced, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Body Mass Index(BMI), abdominal fat rate, weight were decreased, which was not statistically significant (p>0.05). 3. Abdominal circumference of the navel and abdominal circumference of 5cm upper the navel after abdominal meridian massage was reduced, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Abdominal circumference of 5cm lower the navel after abdominal meridian massage was reduced, which was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Based on these results, abdominal meridian massage decreased CSI score, body fat and abdominal circumference.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual conditions of dandruff care and shampoo practicing and provide the data base necessary for scalp treatment industry focused on female college students who are likely to get worse in the condition of their scalp health due to various reasons. For this, a survey was carried out during the period from June 7th to 25th, 2010 of female college students who were in attendance at colleges located in Seoul and then statistical treatment was made using SPSSWIN 12.0 on the data. As the results of this study, it found that 42.5% of the total participants had dandruff. It found that 35.5% of the participants having dandruff was oily scalp. Also, in the case of students majoring in beauty treatment, it found that they felt the need of dandruff care more than those not majoring in beauty treatment and that they used more various shampoos than that of those not majoring in beauty treatment. If found no difference in the kinds of shampoo actually used according to whether they had dandruff or not. It found difference in the number of shampoo according to whether they had dandruff or not. This study investigated the actual conditions of female college students' dandruff care and their shampoo practicing. It is considered to need clinical study necessary for the maintenance of scalp health as the follow up study.

To evaluate the effect of Rosemary(Rosemarinus officinalis) extract on antioxidative activity and melanogenesis on cultured SK-MEL-3, the cell viability, DPPH-radical scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity, tyrosinase activity and a total amount of melanin were measured. In this study, SK-MEL-3 cells were treated with the media containing 1∼20μM, hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) for 4 hours. H2O2 significantly decreased cell viability compared with control and XTT50 value was determined at 20μM of H2O2. In the antioxidative effect of Rosemary extract, it showed DPPH-radical scavenging activity and SOD-like activity. While, in the melanogenic effect of Rosemary extract, it significantly decreased the tyrosinase activity and a total amount of melanin which were increased by H2O2. From above the results, it is suggested that Rosemary extract was effective in the protection of H2O2-induced cytotoxicity by antioxidative activity and inhibition of melanogenesis.

This study conducted low-molecularization of alginate to maximize antimicrobial effects and examined antimicrobial effects silver-alginate which substituted Ag+ for silver(Ag, organic antimicrobial) on Propionibacterium acnes. Antimicrobial effects of silver-alginate which was substituted by Ag+ in low-molecular alginate on P. acnes was identified by MIC. As a result, it was found that low-molecular alginate(MIC = 10,000 ㎍/㎖) and silver-alginate(MIC = 200 ㎍/㎖) had more excellent antimicrobial than lavender oil and tea tree oil which are well known for excellent antimicrobial(MIC = 20,000 ㎍/㎖). Concentration according to culture time of P. acnes was examined. As a result, concentration of silver-alginate was 0.10, 0.15, 0.21, 0.31, 0.48, and 1.01 by culture time. It indicates that it significantly inhibited the growth of P. acnes compared with the control group. Also, MIC and concentration according to culture time was measured in P. acne of alginate paste made of silver-alginate solution, and antimicrobial persistence was confirmed. acnes concentration, suggesting more excellent antimicrobial and persistent antimicrobial.

The volatile organic matter used to manufacture beauty supplies are absorbed inevitably through skin and the respiratory organs of the customers and especially the beauticians, and so, a continuous study is required. Xylene, pentane, acetone, isopropyl alcohol were most frequently used in general at beauty salons. When the variety and density of organic solvent of the beauty salon’s air was compared due to the salon’s characteristics (move-in type, area, average users), the degree of contamination from organic solvent showed significant interrelationship statistically, according to area. In beauty salons that 'under 30 pyeong' had a higher average rate of organic solvent in air than the salons 'under 30-50 pyeong' and 'over 50 pyeong', and it is considered that this status quo took place because the variety and usage of beauty supplies have increased, which means a higher usage of organic solvent.

The purpose of this study was to examine the major satisfaction of regular undergraduates at a junior college and that of student users of the credit bank system who received education in university-affiliated or lifelong education institutions. As a result of making a comparative analysis, the following findings were given: As for satisfaction with curriculum, the college students were more satisfied than the student users of the credit bank system, and the gap between the two was significant(p<0.001). When they were asked a question whether there was any particular course with which they were unsatisfied, both of the students pointed out a practical course for major. Concerning another question to which course a larger number of classes should be allocated, both groups mentioned practice of beauty art, so practical course for major was revealed as a problem. The college students were better satisfied than the credit bank system users with professors/instructors, the knowledge of professors and the impartiality of grading, and the intergroup gaps were significant(p<0.05). Regarding post-graduation career, many of the college students wanted to get a job, and a lot of the credit bank system users aimed to obtain a degree. In the future, new and better educational programs tailored to the diverse needs of regular college students and student users of the credit bank system should be prepared in line with the trend in beauty art education.

Sparassis crispa is an edible and medicinal mushroom, which commonly called ‘cauliflower mushroom’. S. crispa is known to be good sources of food and nutraceuticals due to their rich flavors and β-glucan contents as well as antiviral and anticancer compounds. C57BL/6 mice, the widely used lab mouse strain, were used in this animal study because of their availability and a similar hair growth cycle to human hair. Herein, hair-removed five-year-old C57BL/6 mice were used to examine the effect of S. crispa extracts for 70% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate extract, and water extract on hair growth stimulation. The extracts and control compounds were topically treated once a day for 4 weeks. The hair growth was photographically and histologically examined during the total period of 4 weeks. Overall, hair growth of S. crispa water extracts test group was stimulated compared to ethyl acetate extract and 70% extract, along with positive control (3% minoxidil) and negative control (normal). The whole study showed a significant improvement of hair growth effect of S. crispa extracts. This findings suggests that S. crispa extract has a hair growth promoting activity, but more works should be planned to elucidate the hair growth mechanism.

This study aims to discover a possibility that ethanol and methanol extracts of dried and fermented Salicornia herbacea can be used as materials of cosmetics through bioactivity such as cytotoxicity, whitening activity, and antioxidation. As a result of the cytotoxicity which was carried targeting Raw 264.7 cell leave, it was discovered that there was no cytoxicity from the four extracts as cell survival rates of all the extracts were 106～133%. When the tyrosinase inhibitory activity for whitening was measured, all the four extracts had high inhibitory activity according to concentration and the inhibitory activity of ethanol extract of fermented S. herbacea was the highest. When DPPH radical scavenging effect for antioxidation was measured, the scavenging effect of ethanol extract of fermented S. herbacea was the highest. In particular, in comparison with antioxidative effect of BHT SC50 of 1.29 ㎎/㎖, that of fermented S. herbacea was similar, which indicates that it has a relatively high antioxidative effect. Therefore, as it was demonstrated that S. herbacea, methanol and ethanol extracts of fermented S. herbacea had no toxicity as materials of cosmetics and of the four specimens, ethanol extract of fermented S. herbacea has the highest in cytotoxicity, tyrosinase inhibitory effect and DPPH radical scavenging effect, its possibility to be used as a material of fermented cosmetics was confirmed.

A survey was given to 324 females, age 60 and older, to analyze the relationship between appearance management behavior according to classification of makeup behavior groups, psychologically expected effect after makeup and measures to operate Beauty therapy programs. As a result, the most desired Beauty therapy programs were skin care and hair style and cosmetic follow. Those who show wear more makeup than others were more willing to participate in a Beauty therapy program and had greater interest in the program. In addition, one session a week was most preferred by the respondents regardless of their makeup behavior group. Those who wear more makeup than others have more appearance management behaviors and greater psychological expected effect after makeup. Beauty therapy programs should help elderly women to have healthy and beautiful later lives and the government should provide support to operate Beauty therapy programs.

This study was carried out for 6 weeks (2010, 5.17 ~ 2010, 6.30) about Oiliness, Moisture, Horny substance, and Flexion degrees to 14 women, in twenties years, who had atopy skin and subjective skin condition change was surveyed (about moisture, horny substance and flexion degree conditions) respectively. After Skin condition change experiment between Opuntia humifusa cream group and general cream group, oiliness, moisture, horny substance changes of both of the groups were not significantly. In the flexion degree changes, Opuntia humifusa cream group was seen a significantly decrease as time passes and the flexion degrees were lowered significantlyly after this experiment (t=2,846, p<.05) In the subjective skin conditions, moisture condition improvement degree of Opuntia humifusa cream group appeared to be higher significantlyly any other group after this experiment(t=-4.641, p<.01). Especially, as an aspect of improvement degrees, horny substance appeared to be higher significantlyly(t=3.148 p<.01). Based on this experiment result, we hope that newly rising Opuntia humifusa extractions as natural cosmetic materials help atopy skin to improve greatly

This study is aiming at presenting essential material of aromatheraphy for various symptoms improvement which invloves with the character attributes through analyzing essential oils which may affect personality trait. The essential oils including clarysage, bazil, ylangylang, eucalyptus, chamomile roman, tea tree were selected through literature review and used for experiments in two sets according to different energy attributes. This study analyzed the character trait of women's college students at their early 20s having used the MBTI character traits analyzing tool and presented essential oil preferences by categorizing the MBTI test result into E/I, S/N, T/F, P/J. and developed the essential oil preferences though quantifying the traits of E/I, S/N, T/F, P/J respectively. In case of extrovert group, the preference indicator shows that the claysage preference group which marked 31.7% at first rapidly grew to 61.5% when the indicator reaches above 40 and tended to prefer different aroma type, being different far from total group. The extremely extrovert group tends to prefer claysage which is very effective in relaxing the tension and neutralize excessive quantitative energy and achive the harmonized balance. This Study shows that the character traits preference indicators presented aroma preference in different ways. Though we could not see any difference in oil preference in accordance whether they are extrovert or introvert, it is clear that the oil preference is different as the preference tendency is high and they take adverse types of oil in order to keep balance which is the ultimate effect of aromatheraphy.