Earticle

The collaborative research is one of the nine core areas of RCR instruction that deals with issues investigators should be aware of to conduct research responsibly. Collaborative research overlaps with many of the other core areas of RCR instruction since instruction in the responsible conduct of research is integral to all research endeavors. Research collaborations and issues that may arise from such collaborations include such as setting ground rules early in the collaboration, avoiding authorship disputes, and sharing of materials and information with internal and external collaborating scientists. Collaborative research raises a number of different ethical issues such as authorship, intellectual property, and interactions between academic institutions and private industry. Successful professional relationships and collaboration in research cannot occur without a high level of cooperation, trust, collegiality, fairness, accountability. The challenge to researchers engaged in collaboration is a need to understand what the project’s main goal is, and what role each collaborator must play in order to achieve that goal. Factors that can increase the likelihood of positive collaborative outcomes include: clearly delineating roles and responsibilities, developing effective management plans, and fostering a high level of cooperation, developing trust, collegiality, and a profound sense of fairness and accountability.

This article focused to understand about regulations of organic cosmetics in Europe, especially about internationally recognized certification COSMOS-standard. Organic cosmetics in Europe is based on establishing human health as well as ‘sustainable development’ with ‘green philosophy’ or ‘green chemistry’. In Europe, there are no official regulations governing organic cosmetics, but a number of private initiatives such as Ecocert (France), BDIH (Germany), Soil Association (England) etc. COSMOS is an alliance of these five organizations, and COSMOS-standard was created as a common transnational certification guideline in June 2010. According to COSMOS-standard, it needs to be certified not only ingredients, manufacturing, products, but also environmental management for organic and natural cosmetics. It is set up so in Europe three regulation system for organic cosmetics, common philosophy, allianced organization and unified certification standard. This european model is very important in future for the formulation of organic cosmetics’ regulation system in Korea.

This study is aimed at presenting measures for improving future legislation on national technical qualifications for Cosmetology. To accomplish the objective, current laws on Cosmetology, the problems and alternatives have been explored. Specifically, this study has examined Korea’s Cosmetology-related laws, which are Public Health Control Act, National Technical Qualifications Act, and Basic Qualifications Act. Also, the scale of Korea’s beauty industry and the status of relevant education and national technical qualification examinations were analyzed. Based on the findings, the following alternatives are suggested. 1) establishing national technical qualifications on Cosmetology specialists; clearly subdividing Cosmetology license categories into ‘comprehensive,’ ‘hair,’ ‘esthetic,’ ‘make-up’ and ‘nail-care.’ 2) establishing qualifications testing program to boost the reliability and validity of related licenses and qualifications; setting eligibility for participants of preliminary education on national technical qualification examinations; setting grades for professionals and related business owners 3) establishing a national technical qualification testing advisory body to engage in the following: continuous testing and improvement of the feasibility, rationality, and actual usability of national technical qualification examinations.

The purpose of this study was to understand the use of nail care in elderly women in Daejeon . A questionnaire concerning general use of nail care was distributed to women aged 65 and older, and 181 copies were used as data. Most respondents were 75 years old and older, and had a religion. The highest number of them finished or did not finish elementary school, and received allowance for living expense from their children. Most of them said their income was less than 1.5 million won, and lived with their children. In the survey of use of nail care with 140 respondents (77.3%) among 181 respondents who answered they have experience of nail care, the highest number of respondents used the service once or twice per month, and spent less than 20,000 won. The most preferred nail care type was color manicure, and, especially in pink. Their biggest motivation was to uplift the mood. There was a significant difference in the correlation between demographic factors and number of nail care, and nail care was preferred by women aged 75 and older, who did not finish elementary school, received living expense allowance from their children, and whose income was less than 1.5 million won. To summarize, this study suggested a significant relationship between demographic factors (age, educational background, income, form of living) and use of nail care (frequency, type) among elderly women, which can be used as basic data for future studies on nail care.

Exogeneous oxidative stress can cause rapid change of the hair follicles and melanocyte aging process, so it is an indicator of a programmed cell death (apoptosis) resulting in hair loss. In this study, effects of natural antioxidants from wheat sprout extract on hair growth of C57BL/6 mouse (female) were evaluated. Wheat sprout and/or wheatgrass provides chlorophyll, amino acids, minerals, vitamins and enzymes. Thus it could be used for hair-promoting ingredients. Hydrophobic layers (80% ethanol, open column) of wheat sprout (fr. 5 and fr. 8) were used, with minoxidil (3%) on five patients as a positive control. With one week adaption, hair growth of 6-week old C57BL/6 mouse (female) was observed after 4 weeks of back hair removal. Transdermal extraction and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and toluidin blue staining of skin tissue were used before observation with an optical microscope, which showed similar hair growth in the positive control minoxidil (3%) as wheat sprout (fr. 5), while slower in wheat sprout (fr. 8). The slaughtering cervical tissue at 4 weeks after the C57BL/6 mouse with wheat sprout (fr. 5) started the transition to growth. Hematoxylin & eosin stained histological analysis of wheat sprout (fr. 5) showed more follicles on the skin surface and smaller mast cells (shown with toluidin blue dye). In summary, wheat sprout extract (fr. 5) on C57BL/6 mouse in dermal application and histologic analysis promotes the hair growth, predicting an application of wheat sprout extract in a wide range of hair remedy products.

In this study, the beauty training school for maladjusted youth in the country to verify the effects of specialization in alternative schools and alternative schools charge type implemented in beauty education students to alternative school curriculum for alternative beauty school students who choose a career was a study on the impact , the survey was to draw the following conclusions . High school students in alternative education satisfaction boyimyeo beauty beauty education alternative school students aware of the career influence many . Alternative school as a school for maladjusted young people selected to reduce flight , adapt, and beauty school education showed higher satisfaction seen a positive change in career recognition , respectively. Beauty school students an alternative education directly and indirectly through experience and discover your aptitudes and skills , employment and qualifications in deepening chwieopnan so you can carve a future as professional education is considered to be competitive . For many school skills, competencies and experience the action must provide an environment in which most of the young people ' want ' is due to a lack of commitment is low awareness of career interest , which could result in students curriculum and digital cameras , surrounded by a mirror image of the smartphone era , such as ages and Beauty is a growing interest in the beauty of social phenomena according to their skills and competencies through training , choose the right career , and as a member of a great community to grow alternative school curriculum is essential that the beauty and diet , beauty young people through education course for positive change is expected to bring.

Adipogenesis was defined as a differentiation process of preadipocytes into adipocytes. It is a key process in determining the number of mature adipocytes in the development of obesity. Thus, to regulation of adipogenesis is crucial target in obesity prevention. Mussel (Mytilus corscus ) has been reported to possess abundant dietary proteins and savory amino acids. However, antiadipogenic role and function in obesity prevention remains unknown. Here, we employed green-shelled mussel and its water extract (GME) was prepared. To elucidate the potential role of GME in 3T3-L1 adipogenesis, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with GME between day –2 to day 6. We found that GME dose-dependently suppressed adipogenesis and inhibited formation of lipid droplets accompanied by reduced level of adipogenic transcriptional factors such as C/EBPα and FAS. Our study further revealed that inhibitory function of GME wa largely limited to the adipogenesis day 0 to day 6. Taken together, our evidences provide new insights into the molecular basis underlying the antiadipogenic function of GME.

This study attempts to apply only illite and illite-iron hydroxide (Goethite) mixture having no toxicity, absorption power of sebum and wastes, antibacterial function, to the human facial skin in order to compare each of its effectiveness to provide basic materials for beauty industry by confirming whether these minerals can be used for face pack which can improve the oily skin. The effects of these two groups were compared with the split face approach in terms of skin measurement, the content of skin oil, moisture content, and the number of pores. To identify the improvement in acne, the number of papules, pustules, and nodules were measured through photography or the visual evaluation of dermatologists. After the experiment, questionnaire surveys were conducted to compare the symptoms of skin irritation, and sample preferences. The findings obtained from this study are as follows. Along with the main results of this study, illite-iron hydroxide (Goethite) mixture and illite were effective in improving the oily skin and illite-iron hydroxide (Goethite) mixture was more effective in improving skin pores. Both two samples were safe products without skin irritation. The effect of illite-iron hydroxide (Goethite) mixture can be verified by conducting the clinical experiment targeting human skin. It is expected that the new value of the test materials will be created in the cosmetic market and that these test materials can play a substantial role in developing new cosmetic products.

The purpose of this study was to determine possible efficacy of tea tree oil and Palmarosa essential oil in acne skin of total 21 subjects (male and female) who have progressive acne. Those 21 subjects were respectively subdivided into 3 groups: Tea tree group (T Group; 7 subjects), Palmarosa group (P Group; 7 subjects) and TP Group (using a blend of tea tree oil and Palmarosa oil; 7 subjects). And skin essence and lotion were prepared on the basis of tea tree and Palmarosa respectively, so each group was asked to apply them on facial region in the morning and evening during 8 weeks. Then, all of our subjects were asked to take total 4 sessions of acne care (once every two weeks). Before and after experiment, the researcher measured their facial moisture, oil, microorganism count variation, remarkable change of skin pores, and acne grade change, so all valid measurement data could be analyzed. As a result, All 3 groups (T, P and TP) showed significant lower skin oil and remarkable pores and acne grade according to the standard of Korean Acne Grading System (KAGS) after experiment on statistical basis (p<.05), and a combination of tea tree oil and Palmarosa oil was more effective in acne care than use of tea tree oil alone. All 3 groups (T, P and TP) showed significant lower count of microorganisms on skin surface after experiment than before on statistical basis (p<.05), no significant difference between the groups. However, it would be necessary to conduct follow-up further studies on possible efficacy of said oils in skin moisture with regard to seasonal parameters, because experimental treatment period of this study ranged from summer to fall. Summing up, it is concluded that tea tree oil and Palmarosa essential oil are both effective in relieving and improving acne skin, and a blend of these two oils is more effective, so it is expected that such a blend will be possibly developed as cosmetics for acne care.

This survey research that assessed heath problem Experienced among nail care professionals . The result of study shows that first, experience of headache (94.2%), dizziness (91.7%), nausea (79.3%), nasal congestion (94.2%), difficulty in breathing (52.1%), eye irritation (100.0%), drowsiness (90.9%), disagreeability (75.2%), helplessness (84.3%), loss of appetite (64.5%), irregular menstruation (71.1%), concentration impairment (75.2%), memory impairment (70.2%), sleep disorder (78.5%), dry skin (90.1%), allergic symptoms (76.9%), and nail abnormality (63.6%). Second, the experience of menstrual irregularity and stress depending on job characteristics was reported to be high among the subjects with high job position. Third, 85.1% of the subjects reported not having a regular health examination. Despite the negative effect caused by harmful chemical substances in the nail care service, those working in this industry do not accept such substances as very harmful substances without practicing any act to prevent related diseases. Such tendency seems to have originated from their failure of taking proper action when experiencing subjective symptoms as they understand those symptoms as temporary. Not only for those working in the nail care industry but also for beauty care professionals who deal with a large amount of chemical substances, a regular health examination as well as special health examination that assesses accumulation of chemical substances should be provided for consistent health management among the nail care professionals.

To evaluate the effect of the concentration of the lavender oil on brain activity, the changes of electrocephalograms (EEG) in subjects were investigated. EEG evaluation was assessed in 30 healthy female subjects who is in 20s and had normal sense of smell. The subjects with eyes closed were exposed under four concentration of lavender oil (0.1, 1, 10, and 100%) during 20 sec, and EEG was recorded from 19 scalp positions of the international 10-20 system. EEG was evaluated based on the coefficient variation of brain (CVB) and the deviation compared to the background EEG induced under unstimulating condition. The lavender activated more alpha and theta waves on the ventral region (Fp1-F7-T3-T5-O1-O2-T6-T4-F8-Fp2) than the dorsal region, especially on the bitemporal (T3, T4), but it deactivated beta and gamma waves. The lavender oil is either more activated or less deactivated major EEG indices such as relative brain powers, ASEF50, SEF50, and SEF90 on scalp regions showed lower activities compared to on other positions in background EEG. The brain indices were significantly influenced with the concentration of lavender oil. With increasing the concentration, gamma and beta waves were decreased, alpha waves were increased. The alpha wave and sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) were most activated by the Lavender Oil. In more than 1% oil concentration these phenomena appeared prominently, and especially both SEE50 indicating the state of arousal and SEF90 indicating were decreased.

The purpose of this study was to investigate life patterns according to the BMI and self-awareness of body shape among adults in their twenties based on the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. As for the assessment of one’s body according to BMI, 29.4% thought they were fat in spite of normal BMI, and 24.4% thought they have a normal body even though they were underweight. More than half the subjects overestimated their bodies. As for the life patterns and weight regulation patterns in the obesity and normal groups based on BMI, the obesity group recorded a higher percentage of smoking and weight loss attempts through exercise and reduction of food consumption than the normal group. Of the overestimation and normal groups according to the self-awareness of body shape, the normal group had a higher percentage of smoking than the overestimation group, which had a higher percentage of weight loss attempts through exercise and reduction of food consumption than the normal group. Those findings will help to devise plans that will contribute to the social atmosphere to promote the right subject perceptions of body and the right lifestyle among the adults in their twenties.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeine and abdomen massage for the female students, and to propose an efficient management of abdominal obesity by examining for the subjective assessment of an individual’s physical and psychological changes after massage. Samples of this study were 15 female college students attending H college in J-city. The groups were divided into test group-1 used nocaffeine gel (n=5), test group-2 used caffeine gel (n=5), and control group (n=5). The data were collected for 4 weeks from October 15 through November 14, 2005. The data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 statistic program for χ²-test, one-way ANOVA, t-test, paired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, MANOVA. First, Massage treatment, depending on the time showed the difference in waist circumference. Waist circumference in group-2 experiments using the gel containing caffeine effect through abdominal massage sway Standish management course, as time passes, the more reduced before treatment after 4 weeks of treatment in the experimental group-2, waist circumference be the biggest change appeared. Second, there was a difference in the rate of abdominal fat, depending on the time of the massage treatment. The case of the control group and the experimental group-1, but no significant difference in overall hourly experimental group-2 showed that abdominal fat rate is gradually reduced over time. Third, massage treatment, depending on the time showed that there is a difference in weight. Fourth, the subjective opinion of the subjects participated in the experiment on the phenomenon in the body after treatment were investigated, it was generally smooth bowel movements, abdominal softness of the skin and decreased waist circumference. It was found that the use of effective cosmetics in obesity, a ongoing management of obesity, and a massage was effective in obesity management. Some of the limitations of the present study was that the subjects was too limited to female students only, the experimental period was relatively short. Therefore the results of this study extend to the entire female students will have to be careful.

In this study, we investigated inhibition effects of tomato leaves supercritical extracts on skin pigmentaion. The leaves of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) contains functional ingredients such as lycopene, lutein, chlorophyll, caffeic acid, and antioxidant studies prior showed a whitening effect in vitro. RT-PCR and western blotting analysis, tomato leaves supercritical extract with 0.01mg/mL concentration showed the mostly inhibited tyrosinase activity on B16F1 cell. Supercritical extract of leaves of tomato, tomato half of the colorant was prepared at a concentration of 0.5% (T-0.5%), and 1% (T-1%), formed by UVB radiation in the Hr-1 mice using a mexameter after coated four times once eight days to two days supercritical extract and measured the level of melanin. The 6 day, melanin levels were significantly reduced in the T-1% (332.14±24.91) as compared to N.cont group (428.72±48.39). The 8 day, melanin levels were significantly decreased in T1% group (261.25±16.32) and T-0.5% group (282.32±26.43). After changing anatomy of the expression level of Matrix metalloproteinase-2, 9 (MMP-2, MMP-9), were collected tissue sample application portion investigation and the expression level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 as compared with N.cont group expression levels were significantly decreased T-1% group (405.11±23.94) and T-1% group (421.54±32.81). As a result of the above, the results of animal experiments using the HR-1 mice, supercritical extract of tomato leaves, it was confirmed that there is a inhibition effect of skin pigmentaion and moisturizing and whitening effect.

This study attempts to determine the effects of the gap between actual age and self-perceived age in middleaged women regarding their appearance management behaviors and self-esteem. A questionnaire survey was performed with a total of 269 middle-aged women living in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi, using appearance management behavior and self-esteem as dependent variables. To ensure validity and reliability, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), one-way ANOVA and multi-regression analysis were conducted. The following results were obtained: First, perceived age was lower than actual age in all four age dimensions: feel age, look age, do age and interest age. Second, a statistically significant difference was found in middle-aged women’s appearance management behavior and self-esteem caused by the gap between actual age and perceived age. According to the post-hoc test, in terms of mean difference, the upper group in which perceived age was low was lower than the middle and lower groups. These results seem to show that the gap between actual age and perceived age in middle-aged women had an effect on their appearance management behavior and self-esteem.

This article tries to find the effect of a scalp type and awareness for male and female college student who are in Seoul and Daegu, a preliminary examination was conducted for 40students and a survey was done from the 30th of April and the 10th of May, 2013. It was carried out the self-administered questionnaire survey with the convenience sampling method, and all 300samples were collected. 260 questionnaires were used for analyzing the final analysis of actual proof, except for 40 questionnaires that were answered unfaithfully, and the result were as follows: The result of studying the effect of an awareness of the self-scalp management and a scalp type on the self-scalp management is that there were the effect of an awareness of the scalp management and a complex scalp on the kinds of the self-scalp management and the need for the self-scalp management, a complex scalp on the self-scalp management method and an awareness of the scalp management on the self-scalp management method. Therefore, this paper suggests that it is important to develop an educational program for promoting motivation about improving an awareness of the self-scalp management and a scalp type for improving more effectively the self-scalp management of students of majoring in skin care and to study the self-scalp management. Moreover, it needs to develop a systematic educational program for giving the management method of their own scalp management to students of majoring in skin care as a professional manpower of a skin care service during college life and in the future.

This article aims at introducing the need to the most impressive hair-style and offering research data of preparing the basis of customer satisfaction and a business strategy, as finding the way to decide her hair-style depending on her body type and the effect on it for adult female. The subject of study were 400 adult-females who are in Daegu-gyeongbuk, it was examined from the 1st of May to 30th of June, 2010 through the self-administered questionnaire. The results of study are as follows: There were the effect of the hair form on the decision of hair-style in the 5factors such as how much she concern herself about a trendy hair-style, how much frequency she follows a trendy hair-style generally, how much effect of a trendy hair-style there are in the decision of her own hair-style, how much she talks to others about a trendy hair-style and how much she will imitate a trendy hair-style in the future. When put together the results above, this article found that women select their own hair-style depending on their hair form, and there were a wide range in the decision level of a hair-style, considering their various hair form and they were into it as well. So it needs to offer the information for deciding a hair-style to learn a basic knowledge that needs to decide the most idealistic hair-style, and to offer a service including the cheap prices and the systematic hair management system considering women’s attributes.

This study was designed to analyse a few of aroma gas quantitatively. For three essential oil gas such as sweet orange, roman chamomile, and jasmine, the composition were analysed by GC/MS, the odor intensity and concentrations were quantified by olfactory method, and the response patterns were analysed by MOS(metal oxide sensors) system. As the results, more than 70% component of sweet orange was limonene as a major composition. While jasmine was composed with various components of relatively high molecular weight and hydrophobicity, roman chamomile was composed with lower molecular weight of substances. The results of odor intensity and concentrations of aroma gas appeared to have clear linear relations with the outputs of the gas sensor system, showing the possibility of quantifying the concentration of essential oil gas with gas sensor system. In addition, patterns of essential oil gas could be classified according with the difference of sensitivity of gas sensors.