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In this study, I compared the concept and scope of research misconduct between Korea and other countries and discussed the principles and procedures of verification of research misconduct described in the "Guidelines for ensuring the research ethics". According to Federal Research Misconduct Policy of U.S.A, research misconduct is defined as fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results. Fabrication is making up data or results and recording or reporting them. Falsification is manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record. Plagiarism is the appropriation of another person’s ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit. Research misconduct does not include honest error or differences of opinion. If we look at the provisions of research misconduct, there is a difference in the world little by little. Because the verification system and range of research misconduct reflect research environment of society, culture, and values. However, it is common to include fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism. In Korea, the research misconduct is broadly defined than the U.S.A. In the guidelines for ensuring the research ethics, we have defined verification system preparation and verification responsibility of research institutions for principles of research integrity verification. And the core verification procedure consists of information receipt, inquiry, investigation, decision.

Women’s endless anxiety that pursues beauty leads the nail industry to be improved and life-quality of women to be raised, which expands to influence on the nail skill. As the result, the nail skill becomes an external expression and then becomes a management or correction for nails, as well as becomes an psychological treatment so that the nail industry is being improved rapidly. With the rapid growth of the nail industry, the nail skill can be had a deep relationship with women’s daily life and can be catched on with trend, which helps lead women to realize importance and necessity of the nail skill. It is the time that requires for women to learn rightly the nail skill that allows them to represent effectively. This research is so studied as to help your comprehending of the nail skill through constructing relative theory with general classification, and as to contribute to setting identification of the skill. Performing infinite endeavor to acquire well-trained skill needs to be done, because the nail skill will apply into an organ of the human body and breath a new life into the fingertips and tiptoes. To please women’s demand that becomes complicated, it must be performed to dedicate to development in the nail industry and acquirement of faithful skills in a such way that adds expert knowledge and information into the nail skill. It is tried to approach to the nail skills with academic perspective. Giving quality improvement for the nail skill and theoretical data for further studies are the intention of this approach.

Nanoencapsulation is the coating of various substances within another material at sizes on the nanoscales and it is prospected in all kinds of industries especially cosmetics, pharmaceutics, and food manufacturing. This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant activities as comparing ethanol extracts (ME) and nano-encapsulation of Mulberry Root Bark Extracts by lecithin and cholesterol (NM). DPPH radical scavenging activity of both extracts are almost identical for the 250 ug/ml samples. Also, the effects on nano- encapsulated extracts (NM) and ethanol extracts (ME) on the generation (induction) of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by adding LPS to induce oxygen stress into the cell was that the both extracts in adding sample (500 ㎍/ ㎖) or (1000 ㎍/㎖) showed similar to oxidative stresses inhibition compared to 50% of control. ln addition, cell viability of the nano-encapsulated extracts (NM) was measured on RAW 264.7 cells and showed higher than that of ethanol extract (ME) in each concentration. The size of the nano-encapsulated extracts (NM) was an average diameter of range of 200-400 nm so they can effectively penetrate cell more than ethanol extract (ME) as nano-encapsulated extracts (NM) have great mobility and affinity for cell because of their small size. it was observed by confocal laser scanning microscope.

This study has the purpose to examine the deep cleansing effects of fermented rice bran deep cleansing using general rice bran and EM (effective micro-organism) on the skin. Specifically in order to identify the degree at which rice bran irritates the skin, preliminary experiment on the degree of irritation of the skin was conducted first, and totally 4 sessions of deep cleansing were conducted for 15 minutes once a week on 27 men in their 20s to 40s divided into 3 groups, no treatment control group, general rice bran group (NFRB) and fermented rice bran group (FRB) with 9 persons in each group. In 0 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks, keratin index, blackhead index, pore index, erythema index, sebum index and moisture were measured respectively. As a result of comparing before the experiment, in 2 weeks and in 4 weeks, keratin index, blackhead index and pore index decreased significantly in NFRB and FRB (p<.05). In comparison between NFRB and FRB, as for the reduction amount of the number of pores, FRB was found to be greater than NFRB (p<.05). In conclusion, general rice bran and fermented rice bran both produced such effects as removal of keratin, reduction of blackheads and reduction of pores, so they can be developed deep cleansing cosmetics, and it is judged that in pore management, fermented rice bran would produce more outstanding effects than general rice bran.

Contract departments are the ones in specific fields that educational organizations -junior colleges and senior colleges - have established under a mutual agreement with the government, municipal organizations, and corporations. The purpose of these departments is to cultivate corporate-customized personnel. Diverse beauty organizations, including undergraduate schools, postgraduate ones, institutes and academies, have founded these innovative departments and have carried out more systematic and subdivided curricula so as to foster talented human resources. However, some problems have arisen, unlike the original purpose of the foundation. Students’ job satisfaction and dissatisfaction concerning contract departments(reeducating form) of beauty school located in Seoul and Gyunggi province are as follows: the majority of the students surveyed are satisfied with the system where they can study and work simultaneously, which they think could also give them unbearable physical stress at intervals. Additionally, they are skeptical about the system designed to relieve the burden of tuition fee. In addition to it, they have to endure personal contempt because they have no alternative but to stay at their first company until they graduate from college. To make matters worse, they ought to confront the working conditions which are different from those of what they were told before and some of the students have ever gotten paid later than the pay day or even haven’t got paid for more than a month. With these mentioned above in mind, I would like to suggest some solutions for the activation of contract departments in beauty college. First, the colleges concerned are required to give undergraduates multiple options for their job by contacting a wide variety of businesses. Second, students should be given at least one chance to change firms as well as they should be allowed to take one term off from school. Third, it is desirable that a regular evaluation system on the firms that hire the students should be introduced. Last but not least, it is imperative that school curriculum should be diversified for the more practical and on-the- spot skills through reciprocal consent between the related business and undergraduates. Contract departments, which are an innovative paradigm, will open a new chapter, by utilizing this system, in the rapidly changing circumstances.

Body image is closely related with self-esteem and quality of life. Individuals with negative body image are more likely to suffer from anxiety, pain, disease and depression. One’s dissatisfaction on his own body image not only concerns people’s body size and shape, but also skin color. The most important substance determining human skin color is the pigment melanin, and skin color of which can darken with the exposure of sun. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between body image satisfaction and skin color and to identify the difference of sun-protective behavior according to skin color among female university students in Korea. Korean female university students (n=158, aged 19–26) completed a questionnaire with a battery of questions regarding body satisfaction, subjective skin color, ideal skin color, sun protective behavior, and skin care behavior. Satisfaction on body image was measured using the Body Cathexis Scale (BCS). We used Fitzpatrick skin color types (Type I: pale white, light. Type II: white, fair. Type III: medium, white to brown. Type IV: olive, moderate brown. Type V: brown, dark brown. Type VI: very dark brown to black). Among the 158 female students, the order of skin color type frequency was type III (n=107, 67.7%), type II (n=30, 19.0%), type IV (n=18, 11.4%), type I (n =3, 1.9%) and none of the subjects were type V or type VI. There were significant differences in skin satisfaction according to the female college students’ self- reported skin color (p = .001, mean score of type I= 4.33, mean score of type II=3.27, mean score of type III=2.51, and mean score of type IV=2.83). Moreover, there were significant differences in total body image satisfaction by their skin color (p=.003). For sun protection, wearing sunglasses (p=.003) and avoiding outside activities during peak sun hours (p=.025) showed significant difference between skin colors and sun protective behaviors. Our research confirms that the majority of female’s ideal skin color is type I or type II and confirms the association between skin color and body image satisfaction among the female university students in Korea. Females with lighter skin color are more satisfied with their skin and body than females with darker skin color. Also, lighter skinned subjects wore significantly more sunglasses and avoided outside activity during peak sun hours than darker skinned subjects.

In this work, the extract of Scutellaria baicalensis and its key flavonoids such as baicalin, baicalein and wogonin were studied to characterize as a cosmetic ingredient. The MMP-1 production in UV irradiated human dermal fibroblast was tested using Scutellaria baicalensis extract and its flavonoids and it was found that the production of MMP-1 was inhibited at low concentration but reversed this phenomena at high concentration of extract or flavonoids. That went the same with experiments with and without UV. How baicalein and wogonin would influence kinase activity was examined, and the results showed that both the extracts are vulnerable to kinase while they are related to JNK activation. Considering what has been learned above, kinase activity was affected by different concentration of extract, and that should be taken into consideration when the Scutellaria baicalensis extract is used to make functional cosmetics in the future.

Meridian growth massage was given to 3rd graders (16 students: experimental group, 17 students: control group) who have been worried that they are not growing any more due to genetic or environmental reasons twice a week (40 minutes at a time) for three months in the age of lookism. Then, the effects on body composition (height, BMI, body fat percentage, basic metabolic rate), physiological variables (growth hormone IGF-1, stress hormone Cortisol) and psychological variables (subjective satisfaction) were comparative analyzed before and after a test. In terms of body composition, first, a significant difference in height was observed in both experimental group to which meridian growth massage was given and control group, In particular, experimental group was higher than control group by 1.18 cm in terms of height. In terms of body weight, experiment group increased by 0.57 kg while control group increased by 1.13 kg. A statistically significant difference was found in both groups. In terms of BMI, no significant difference was observed in both groups. In terms of body fat percentage as well, no significant difference was observed in both groups. In terms of basic metabolic rate, experimental and control groups were 23.38 kcal and 28.41 kcal respectively. A significant difference was detected in both groups because of increase in height and body weight. Regarding physiological variables, second, experimental group was higher than control group by 41.59 ng/mL in terms of growth hormone (IGF-1) with statistically significant difference. In terms of stress hormone (cortisol), experimental group decreased by 1.77 ㎍/㎗ while control group increased by 1.88 ㎍/㎗. As a result, significant difference was observed between the two groups. When it comes to psychological variables, third, a very positive response was observed in the experimental group in terms of subjective satisfaction. In conclusion, it appears that meridian growth massage is highly valuable as a moderating variable which can create fertile ground for children to grow well by reducing stress and increasing growth hormone in the age of lookism.

The beauty industry is subdivided and specialized into areas such as skin beauty, hair beauty, makeup, and nail art. Among them, skin beauty has witnessed rapid development with the introduction of medical skin care. But compared with the overall expansion of the industry, the skin beauty area is finding it difficult to maximize revenue and satisfy the diverse needs of its customers. Therefore, this study was to examine the value the consumers hold and subsequently categorize them into consumer types. Furthermore, by analyzing the differences in purchasing behavior this study attempts to provide new implications regarding skin care marketing and suggest product development directions and marketing strategies which could be appropriate to the corresponding markets. For these purposes, the subjects in this study were women living in Busan, Ulsan, Kyung-Nam Province, and Daejeon; 250 people were from medical institutions that provide medical skin care and 300 were from general skin care specialist shops. The data from 506 respondents were analyzed, and frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, and ANOVA of SPSS WIN 19.0 were used. The results were as follows. First, values consisted of relation-oriented and success-oriented and value type was distinguished into relation-oriented type, success-oriented type, and passive type. Second, there were significant differences by consumer types in the benefits. Third, laser in the area of medical skin care was used by all consumers. It is expected that this study can contribute what has not been proposed before; information that leads to direct development of marketing strategies for the skin beauty market.

In this study, we investigated effects of the complex material containing Centella asiatica (C. asiatica )- and folic acidfermented extracts, acetyl glutamine, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) on the improvement of skin condition and skin cell functions. We confirmed cellular effects of fermented extracts of C. asiatica and folic acid using microorganism mixture (CFFE) and acetyl glutamine- and NAADP-containing CFFE (FAN) on cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cellular senescence, DNA repair, transcriptional activity of NF-κB, regulation of gene expression, cellular regeneration and migration, cell differentiation, and melanin contents in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), HaCaT human keratinocytes, B16F10 mouse melanocytes, and NIH-3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts. CFFE and FAN showed significant protection effects against cellular damage caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation or ROS generation. The expression levels of Col1A1 was up-regulated and of MMP1 was down-regulated by treatment of CFFE and FAN in UVB-exposed HDFs. UVB-induced NF-κB activation was significantly suppressed by treatment of CFFE and FAN in NIH-3T3 cells. Also the treatment of CFFE and FAN promoted the differentiation on HaCaT cells. The CFFE and FAN suppressed production of melanin in B16F10 cells by inhibition of expression of MITF and TYR. Especially, it was observed that acetyl glutamine and NAADP increase overall effects of CFFE in earlier time points, implicating that these components initiate and boost cellular signals and positive functions mediated by CFFE in the skin. Taken together, these findings suggest that CFFE and FAN might have excellent efects of the anti-aging, reduction of wrinkle and pigmentation , promotion of cellular regeneration, improvement of epidermal barrier quality, and anti-inflammation on the skin cell.

Mud is known to have superior efficacies like anti-aging of skin, maintenance of moisture balance and removal of skin wastes that it emits much far-infrared as natural clay of sea and due to contains beneficial ingredients such as germanium and bentonite as well as minerals. On the other hand, Earthworm mucus is a natural material that has superior efficacies of skin protection, moisturizing, exfoliation etc. Representative domestic mud is Boryeong mud but it is the early stages of development and earthworm mucus is also the initial step. Accordingly, these two materials can be a sufficiently valuable field. This study is to develop the useful cosmetic material for safety on skin, antioxidation, skin regeneration and anti-wrinkle from Jangheung mud and earthworm mucus. Therefore, the results of this study for commercialization from Jangheung mud and earthworm mucus are as follows. First of all, the cytotoxicity of Jangheung mud and earthworm mucus did not appear and the Jangheung mud contents such as ash and cation exchangeable capacity, electrical conductivity, organic matter, humic acid, fulvic acid, calcium ion and magnesium ion were respectively higher than its of the Boryeong mud on purity. Specially, the antioxidative activity of earthworm mucus dose-dependently appeared higher than it of earthworm and the mixed sample of Jangheung mud and earthworm mucus showed more superior than samples of Boryeong mud and snail mucus in the effect of skin regeneration on the lotion and essence samples. Also, the mixed sample of Jangheung mud and earthworm mucus can confirm more superior effect than samples of Boryeong mud and snail mucus in the effect of anti-wrinkle on the skin and lotion samples. Based on these results, Jangheung mud and earthworm mucus is expected to be the various commercialization having the effect on antioxidantion, skin regeneration and anti-wrinkle as cosmetics material in the future.

Due to increase in aging population, a demand for diverse social activities has increased. In addition, loneliness, stress caused by retirement and health problems and sleep deprivation have become more common. These stress and lack of sleep can have an effect on skin regeneration and skin conditions. Therefore, this study has investigated elderly women’s facial skin conditions by stress and sleeping habit. As a result, significant difference between moisture and sebum was observed in the forehead and chin depending on physical stress levels. In addition, significant difference was found in terms of moisture in the forehead and around the eyes, in terms of sebum in the forehead and chin, in terms of pH in the forehead and cheeks and in terms of melanin levels in the cheeks and chin. According to analysis on skin conditions by sleeping habit, significant difference was found in the entire face in case of moisture. In case of sebum, on the other hand, significant difference was detected in the forehead and cheeks and around the eyes. In case of melanin, lastly, significant difference was found in the forehead. According to analysis on facial skin conditions by stress and sleeping habit, as stress increased, moisture levels in the foreheads declined. In addition, pH in the forehead and around the eyes decreased while melanin levels in the cheeks and chin increased. In addition, as sleep disorder increased, sebum levels in the foreheads, cheeks and chin declined. As a result, it’s been confirmed that stress and sleeping habit have an effect on facial skin conditions. Therefore, it appears that it is important to properly manage stress and sleep to keep the skin healthy and vibrant.

The purpose of this study is to analyze an expressive technique of the baby face make-up used as a trend in the field of entertainer’s make-up. The features of the baby face make-up shown in entertainer’s make -up are as the following. Base of skin was expressed transparent and clear by covering the blemish, and shape of face modified to be short and round shape like a children. Color make-up in a cheek or environs of eye was matched with hair color representation, and eyebrow was make straight and bold. Eyelines were to be filled thinly with pencil type liner between the eyelashes, and the curling of eyelashes made by an eyelash curler and mascara without a lump were also used. Eye shadow and cheek were expressed with pastel tone colors with pearl shining. Moreover, a pink or transparent lip gloss was frequently used for glossy feel lip make-up instead of lip line drawing.

Skin biophysical properties are influenced by chronological and environmental factors. There are many skin cares and makeup products intended to maintain good appearance or youthful skin. Specially, as main target in cosmetics market, 20 to 49 year old women are interested in their skin age and changes. So, we examined the facial skin biophysical properties in according to age and seasons for 44 Korean women (22 women in each group, Group 1 : aged 20~29 years vs. Group 2 : 30~49 years) by non-invasive methods. The significant results are summarized as follows : Skin hydration in warm seasons (spring and summer) was higher than cold seasons (fall and winter) because of variation in climate. The Desquamation index was correlated with skin hydration. In case of sebum secretion, 20s group is higher than 30 to 40s group and forehead area was higher than cheek. T-zone was higher than U-zone in both sebum and hydration. TEWL value in 30 to 40s group was highest in winter. So, cold and dry weather affected skin barrier condition. Skin barrier condition in forehead was worse than cheek area. Skin texture of 20s group was more compact than 30 to 40s group. Crow’s feet wrinkle value in winter was roughest among other seasons according to cold and dry weather. Skin elasticity in 20s group were higher than 30 to 40s group in cheeks, side and below eye area significantly. Melanin and Erythema index in fall was higher than other seasons by tanning of UV exposure in summer. Melanin and erythema index in forehead was more tanned and got red than cheek area. Through this study, wrinkles, elasticity, skin texture, and Desquamation index represent as the important indicators of skin age. The study will contribute to the development of skin cares and cosmetics.

This study was evaluated antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of Juglans regia (walnut) husk (WHE) using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method. Also, cell viability of WHE on human keratinocyte (HaCaT) was evaluated by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Inhibitory effect of WHE on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1 ) expression in HaCaT was analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As the results, WHE was showed similar antioxidant activity to vitamin C at concentration of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 μg/mL. WHE of low concentration (6.25, 12.5 and 25 μg/mL) didn’t exhibited cytotoxicity in HaCaT. However, treatment of 50 and 100 μg/mL WHE were showed cell viability of about 98.4% and 91.1%, respectively, in same cells. Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1 ) mRNA were induced by TNF-α in HaCaT cells and WHE treatment of 10, 20, 50 and 100 μg/mL were decreased MMP-1 mRNA with dose-dependent manner. Exhibiting excellent antioxidant activity with high cell viability, and potent inhibitory effect on MMP-1 mRNA, ethanol extracts of walnut husk extracts can be applied in cosmetics as a MMP -1 inhibitor.

In this study, we investigated the skin soothing effects of cosmetic compositions containing extracts of fermented Bird’s Nest and Centella asiatica (C. asiatica ) against to sensitive skin and erythema. 33 volunteers were selected in 10s~30s adults on normal skin sensitivity and erythema. Volunteers divided into three groups that control group, group containing aloe (experimental group 1) and containing extracts of fermented Bird ’s Nest and C. asiatica (experimental group 2). We measured the index of oil, moisture, erythema and melanin in facial skin at before and after the measurement. Control group were not all statistically significant on the index oil, moisture, erythema and melanin after 6 weeks. At experimental group 1 after 6 weeks, the moisture index showed statistically significant change but oil, erythema and melanin did not appear statistically significant change. Experimental group 2 were observed statistically significant changes to index of oil, moisture, erythema and melanin. Therefore, this study showed that extracts of fermented Bird’s Nest and C. asiatica might be help to improving sensitivity and redness of the skin.

We have studied what effects to the psychologically expected effect associated with pedicure against college girl students in Dae-Jeon and North Jeolla Province, The following results were obtained: The result of factor analysis of the pedicure management behavior and the psychologically expected effect is that the pedicure management behavior was a factor of ‘self-expression’. and the psychologically expected effect was a factor of ‘positive feeling’ as the most important evaluation factor. When comparing the recognition difference of the need for pedicure in pedicure management behavior and psychologically expected effect, it turns out that the people with ‘self-expression’ make a large difference in the need for pedicure, and the people with ‘positive feeling’ and ‘rising sense of accomplishment’ make the largest difference among them. When we performed a correlation analysis of each factor, the factor of ‘self-expression’ had a high correlation with the factor of ‘psychological relaxation’ and ‘rising sense of accomplishment’. However, the factor of ‘fashion-oriented’ showed slightly lower relevance to the factor of ‘positive feeling’ and ‘psychological relaxation’, and the factor of ‘consciousness of others’ also had a low relevance to the factor of ‘psychological relaxation’ and ‘rising sense of accomplishment’. The result of examining the effects of pedicure management behavior on the psychologically expected effect appeared that it has the greatest effect to ‘rising sense of accomplishment’ to work for people with high ‘self-expression’ as well as the people with ‘psychological relaxation’ and ‘positive feeling’. Also, it has a certain effect to ‘improved self-confidence’ and ‘psychological relaxation’ in social life for those who with ‘consciousness of others’ tendency. Lastly, it has the same to ‘psychological relaxation’ and ‘positive feeling’ for people with ‘fashion-oriented’ tendency.

This research is intended to clarify influence of the produced scalp improving agent on seborrheic or dry scalp. For achieving this intention, there was implementation to measure the scalp condition, oil·moisture status. Effect as a product of the scalp improving agent was explored through improvement effect on clinical subjects was examined. As for research method, we spreaded the scalp improving shampoo and Q33 (mist for dry skin) on 5 subjects whose scalp were dry type. As for measurement tools, we did apply the Digital Scope, which allowed the examination to be conducted under magnification radiography of 300 times, into investigating improvement situation on scalp, and apply the COSMOMED (Germany), Sebumeter into measuring moisture variation rate on scalp. Taking a close look at the research result, there could be found to be significant reduction of oil, alleviation of dead skin cell, washing around pore. It could be regarded as evidences of "cleaning effect". As confirmed by the result, it proves that the produced scalp improving agent and mist for dry skin have improvement effect on scalp.

The effect of curcumin, a main component of Curcuma longa , on the MMP-1 and collagen production in human dermal fibroblast was studied (to observe the availabilty for) as a raw material of cosmetics. The effect of curmumin has found that expression of MMP-1 was reduced at lower concentration of curcumin by using HDF cells that UVB (100 mJ/cm²) was investigated. Enhanced collagen production was confirmed by repeated tests. Because curcumin affect JNK and p38 and plays the role of hindering PI3K as collagen increases at curcumin concentration of 10 to 11 μM and revelation of collagen is increased to in the group. Actually, the wstern blot result has found that phosphorylation of JNK was increased when 10 μM of curcumin concentration was treated. AKT has found that phosphorylation of AKT decreased as the downstream gene of PI3K. It is thought that these results are the same one that collagen production is increased as curcumin affect JNK and curcumin plays the role of PI3K inhibitors depending on concentration. On the other hand, the decrease of collagen production at the higher concentration is not clear yet and further studies are necessary (to elucidate the reason).

Recently, there has been a strong demand for healthy skin and good looking. However, the incorrect perception of skin conditions can cause side effects at selection of cosmetics and during skin management. Therefore, this study has measured and analyzed skin conditions (sebum, moisture, pH, melanin and erythema) by the perceived sebum and moisture conditions on the face against college women. According to analysis on perceived sebum and skin conditions, there was difference between a group with more-than-average sebum contents and a group with a lack of sebum in terms of sebum levels. In the forehead and around the eyes, the sebum level was high in the group with more-than-average sebum contents. According to skin analysis by the perceived moisture level, melanin was significantly high in a group with more-than-average moisture in the chin only. In case of skin analysis values, no significant difference was found between the two groups in which moisture was perceived. Therefore, it’s been confirmed that there is no difference in skin conditions by the facial region. Even though the perception of sebum conditions was matched with sebum levels, the perception of moisture conditions was not matched with skin conditions. Therefore, it appears that it is necessary to select cosmetics and manage skin through scientific analysis instead of depending on the subjective perception of skin conditions.

In the cosmetic industry, various moisturizing ingredients have been developed to improve skin dryness getting worse by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. However, there are no well defined studies about the actual hydrating ability and holding time of the moisturizing factors. In this study, we compared and investigated the efficacy of glycerin, hyaluronic acid and silicone oil (dimethicone), which are generally and most widely used as moisturizing ingredients in the cosmetic industry to improve skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Comparing skin moisturizing abilities before application and 30 minutes and 6 hours after application of six creams with or without glycerin, hyaluronic acid and/or silicone oil, the cream including both glycerin and silicone oil showed the highest moisturizing value and the longest holding time of hydration. The second on the result was the cream containing both hyaluronic acid and silicone oil, followed by the glycerin cream, hyaluronic acid cream and silicone oil cream. Comparing TEWL before application and 30 minutes and 6 hours after application of six creams with or without glycerin, hyaluronic acid and/or silicone oil, the cream including both glycerin and silicone oil showed the most decreased value of TEWL and the longest holding time. The second on the result was the cream with both hyaluronic acid and silicone oil, followed by the silicone oil cream, the glycerin cream and the hyaluronic acid cream. Although glycerin, hyaluronic acid and silicone oil affect increasing skin hydration and decreasing TEWL, our data showed that the product containing not only silicone but also moisture factors such as glycerin and hyaluronic acid is more effective rather than applying the product with silicone oil only. As a result, the product containing glycerin with hyaluronic acid and/or silicone oil showed the superior abilities to increase skin hydration and decrease TEWL. Therefore, we suggest that our results aid in the development of various moisturizers as the basic standards and more study should be conducted to investigate the efficacy of various moisturizers on human skin hydration and TEWL.

This study examined the faces in the portraits of beautiful women and those of gisaengs (entertaining attendants) in genre pictures painted in the late Joseon dynasty, and made a comparative analysis of the make-up tones which prevailed in the period. Thirty faces of beauties and gisaengs were represented using Chinese ink and applying hues and tones which are on the Munsell scale of 10 hues and 12 tones and which were most similar to those found in the portraits of beautiful women and the genre pictures. The make-up tones prevalent in the late Joseon Dynasty largely corresponded to those described in the literature and historical materials concerned, and the results are as follows. The pictures showed egg-shaped faces with chubby cheeks, white yellowish and clear toned skin (5Y/Vp), and various shapes of thin, round and soft eyebrows including a crescent form. The eyes showing clear upper lines seemed to be painted in Chinese ink, and the make-up tone on the eyelids was the same as the tone of the complexion (5Y/Vp). The eyebrows were painted in such various colors as black, dark gray or dark brown (N1~8, 5YR/Dk). Cherry-like lips were small and painted in bright and vivid colors such as scarlet and red (5YR. 5R/B.V). The only powdered cheeks (5Y/Vp) looked natural with little make-up. The representation of the faces in the pictures and a comparative analysis of the make-up tones of the faces in the original paintings based on the Munsell scale led to the fact that women of the Joseon Dynasty had a sophisticated make-up technique and a balanced color sense ahead of their time and used a one point make-up as shown by their feminine, clear and white-yellowish skin tone and reddish lips in the pictures.

Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ) (MSSA) and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are serious and growing worldwide public health problems. In the present study, the antibacterial activity of stems of Acer ginnala was studied. Its 80% acetone extract and fractions (Fr.1-8) were investigated against MSSA and MRSA. Extract and fractions of Acer ginnala were tested for antibacterial activity through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. MIC of stems of Acer ginnala extract was appeared to 2,000 ug/ml at MSSA. The most active fractions were Fr.5 and Fr.6 and they were very active against MSSA and MRSA strains with MIC ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 μg/ml. These results encourage us to think that stems of Acer ginnala can be used as natural antibacterial agents and functional food & cosmetic sources.

The purpose of this study was to examine influence of Centella asiatica and MTS (microneedle therapy system) in the women’s facial skin. The subjects were divided into experimental group (n=14) and control group (n=14). The experimental group was applied Centella asiatica and MTS of on facial’s right and control group was offered hyaluroinic acid of on facial’s left. Experimental program was held for 30 minutes each time, once a week for eight weeks. Experiments were executed total 8 times of one experiment each week and skin measurement of study subjects were measured total 3 times of before experiment, at 4 week and at 8 week. Facial skin condition (moisture, sebum, roughness, pore, pigmentation, wrinkle, keratin) were analyzed during experiment. A significant increase of skin moisture was found in experimental group and control group (p<.0001). Also significant decrease of roughness (p<.0001), pore (p<.0001), keratin (p<.0001) was found in experimental group (p<.0001) and control group (p<.05). But significant decrease of wrinkle (p<.001), pigmentation (p<.0001), and T-zone sebum (p<.05) were found in experimental group. The satisfaction degree of skin conditions after experiments was higher in experiment group. These results indicate that MTS management is considered to bring the effects of the improvement of facial condition.

This study of executive management consulting services for cosmetic recognition (interest / utilization) identify and consulting industries and related institutions are intended to provide the basis. Survey on Current Status and consulting for Jeonju, Iksan, Gunsan, Kimje, Jeongeup the executive management of the beauty shop to 150 people were conducted September, 2011 3-2011 days until September 30, direct interviews fill his way through the survey was carried out statistical analysis using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program were analyzed. Beauty Jeolla study awareness of management consulting services managers (interest, utilization) showed a high, management consulting, many managers do not know about, and policy enforcement in the hope of being part of the government consulting business, dependence, respectively. Given the light of these results, Korea Health Industry Development Institute consulting small business consulting business and the active promotion of the business that require urgent management services Beauty Bar and causes the government the opportunity to participate in the management consulting business, you might as done successful business start-ups stabilization and to contribute to strengthening the competitiveness soon lead to job creation and employment quality is considered.

The purpose of this research was to examine form variation of hair in the event that a natural coating permanent agent was spreaded during operating permanent wave, and to suggest basis data to develop a new coating permanent agent which was enhanced by a natural coloring matter. For achieving this purpose, form variation of hair was examined and analyzed after manufacturing the natural coating permanent agent according to kaoliang pigment's contents or PH respectively, and then spreading them on hair. The method was as follows; A hair dye manufactured according to kaoliang pigment contents, PH was spreaded on virgin hair so as to explore form variation of hair. And diverse measurements that focused on bleaching, surface, tension strength, thickness were implemented. The result was as follows; There could be found to be increase in tension strength and thickness, softening abrasive surface. It had led to the prevention function against hair damage during operating permanent wave. As seen from above, it might be deemed to have a potential as a natural material of coating permanent agent.

The effects of flavonoid quercetin (ex: anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy, etc.) have been confirmed through various studies, and it has been used as the ingredient of cosmetics. However, it’s been hard to find a study on its clinical trials in the skin. Therefore, this study has performed skin clinical trials after applying the quercetin-containing product to the skin and examined its skin improvement effects. According to the analysis, in terms of changes in skin pores, the number of pores on the face in the experimental group in which quercetin-containing cream was used decreased (p>.05). In terms of changes in pigmentation on the face, improvement of pigmentation was observed in the experimental group(p<.05). In terms of wrinkles, wrinkle improvement was observed in the experimental group (p>.05). In terms of skin tone, improvement of skin tone was detected in the experimental group (p<.05). Therefore, it appears that quercetin would improve skin tone and pigmentation as the improvement of anti-oxidation effects.