Earticle

The aim of this study was to measure anti-bacterial effect of Melassezia furfur of Chamaecyparis obtusa oil and Chamaecyparis obtusa water, and to analyze dandruff scalp improvement effect of Chamaecyparis obtusa. For this purpose, the study selected 16 customers having dandruff on scalp and divided them into the control group (general shampoo, 6), the test group A (Chamaecyparis obtusa oil shampoo, 6), the test group B (Chamaecyparis obtusa shampoo and Chamaecyparis obtusa water, 6) instructing them to use shampoo every day for 14 days. As a result of the test, regarding anctibacterial test of Chamaecyparis obtusa, both Chamaecyparis obtusa oil and Chamaecyparis obtusa water had anti-bacterial effect on Melassezia furfur. There was significant decrease of microbial in the test group A before and after the test (p<.05) and the test group B had significant decrease of microbial contents, oil contents and keratin (p<.05). Both test group A and B showed bright and clear scalp change and dandruff decreased much. As the result of satisfaction level, it proved that fragrant of shampoo needs to be improved. In conclusion, if dandruff shampoo containing Chamaecyparis obtusa oil and Chamaecyparis obtusa water are used together as hair toner, it seems to have effect as natural dandruff care product.

Smoking is associated with respiratory disease, periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. Smoker’s nail can indicate the content of minerals and the accumulation of heavy metals according to nutritional status. Heavy metals from smoking can be directly absorbed into the skin and the nail of the hands while an individual is directly exposed to the tobacco smoke. The health of others can be threatened through smoker’s hands. In this study, a total of 15 kinds of minerals were measured using ICP emission spectroscopy after collecting nails from a total of 30 youths, including 15 male youth smokers, 15 male youth non-smokers. The content of minerals such as Ca (p<.01), Na (p<.01), K (p<.01), Zn (p<.01), P (p<.001) and S (p<.05)in youth smokers were higher than in youth non-smokers. This result means smoking affected nail of male high shoolers. We demonstrated there is a corelation between smoking and nail mineral composition. This study could be the base line data for the further studies on diseases associated with heavy metals in the nail and hand of smokers.

This study was initiated to analyze the differences between the awareness through cosmetic ingredients according to the experiences of side effects to these cosmetics and the awareness through the full ingredient labeling system of cosmetics targeting female college students. For this survey from October 31, 2014 to November 19, 2014 the questionnaires were distributed to female college students, survey subjects, who were residents in Gwangju and 730 questionnaires were used for the final data of analysis. The difference in awareness of cosmetics ingredients has shown that people who have experienced side effects are more interested in the ingredients in the cosmetics. The difference is the amount of awareness when using the full ingredient labeling system of cosmetics. It was shown that those who experienced side effects have recognized more about the implementations on their skin with the use of the full ingredient labeling system of their cosmetics. Accordingly, it is safe to guess that, since the full ingredient labeling system of cosmetics was initiated, the level of perceiving the full ingredient labeling system of cosmetics has not been high so far, nor has it been used practically. It must be considered that if initiatives are taken to reorganize the system as a whole, then the full ingredient labeling system of cosmetics will be subject to a more practical and active use.

With a positive change in people’s recognition of tattoos, demands for the tattoo industry are rapidly increasing, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare is working on improving policies for the vitalization of the tattoo industry. However, there are very lacking studies for improving side effects due to tattooing procedures and increasing satisfaction. This study implemented a tattoo simulator to increase satisfaction with the tattooing procedures. There are big differences in the preferred types of designs depending on the sex and region of the procedures. Thus, this study limited the principal consumers of the tattoo simulator to females and the region of the tattooing procedures to eyebrows and lips which are the most representative regions. To detect the consumer’s face, the face area was detected using Haar-Like Feature Algorithm, and then, design elements of tattoos on the eyebrows and lips for each face type tattoo were recommended. The implemented tattoo simulator could be used immediately on the site without special training, and allowed the tattooist’s own design to be applied to the customer immediately. Especially, both the tattooist and the consumer could predict the result of tattooing procedures fast and accurately through the simulator, so the side effects of the tattoos, which might be caused by the design, could be minimized.

This study is intended for women who have such a disproportionate body. we evaluated the effectiveness of Thai massage by scoliosis, flexibility and Pain Relief of 40~50 women, 20 members after performing a pelvis·back Thai massage. To check the change of scoliosis before and after a pelvis·back Thai massage, the modification of back contour line, flexibility change, the pain scale was measured. The results of a pelvis·back Thai massage and the verification of the average about the cervical vertebrae scoliosis point difference by time (p<.001). In addition, also showed that the interaction effect (p<.05). The results of the experimental group performed the post-test for interaction effects appeared to be reduced in the post than the pre (p<.05). The results of a pelvis·back Thai massage for eight weeks, the thoracic vertebrae scoliosis is a difference in the experimental group. The results of the experimental group performed the post-test for interaction effects appeared to be reduced in the post than the pre (p<.05). The results of a pelvis·back Thai massage for eight weeks, the pain level has been shown to decrease in the experimental group. The results of the verification of the average showed that it is difference between group by time (p<.001). The effect of scoliosis, flexibility and pain by the pelvis·back Thai massage for eight weeks, there was significant effect on the cervical vertebrae, the thoracic vertebrae, flexibility and pain. but there was no significant effect on the lumbar vertebrae, but this paper studies showed limitations in short terms of time and duration, the future will need to supplement the ongoing efforts of the research methods to mitigate one side only parallel exercise therapy and massage therapy. so, the pelvis·back thai massage will be used to reduce the scoliosis, flexibility and pain.

Present study was carried out to investigate the effect of herbal complex extract including Houttuynia cordata Thunb on hair growth and gene expression in C57BL/6 mice. Twenty mice were divided into 4 experimental groups including normal (control), 50% herbal complex extract (S-1), 100% herbal complex extract (S-2) and 5% minoxidil-treated group. The test materials were daily applied with 200 μl per mouse on shaved dorsal skin for 3 weeks. The hair growth was monitored by photograph at 7, 14 and 21 days after topical application. Then the changes of hair density and hair thickness in the hair-removed area were evaluated by phototrichogram using folliscope. Also the expression level of growth factors related to hair growth was measured by real time polymerase chain reaction. Application of S-2 or minoxidil-treated group stimulated the hair growth compared to vehicle treatment. Therefore hair density of S-2 or minoxidil-treated group application was increased about 2.5 and 3.1 fold more than in vehicle application on 21 day, respectively. And hair weight of both S-2 and minoxidil-treated group were increased about 8.3 and 10.0 fold more than in vehicle spreading on 21 day, respectively. Futhermore the gene expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly up-regulated in S-2 and minoxidil-spreaded group compared to vehicle-applied group. However the gene expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was not significantly down-regulated in S-2 and minoxidil-spreaded group compared to vehicle-applied group. These data suggest that S-2 has potent stimulating activity on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice and potential usefulness as ingredients of hair tonic and hair restore.

This study analysed the effects of the capability and authenticity of mentors and their similarity to mentees on trust, relational satisfaction and turnover intent, and investigated the differences between a formal mentoring group and an informal mentoring group using a questionnaire. A total of 300 copies of the questionnaire responses were finally analysed, with the use of SPSS 11.0, crosstabs, a t-test and a multi-regressional analysis were conducted and the results are presented as follows: First, in analysing the differences between the formal mentoring group and the informal mentoring group in skin care, there was a significant difference in authenticity and similarity between the two groups while there was no significant difference in capability, trust, relational satisfaction and turnover intent between the two groups. Second, it was discovered that mentor capability, authenticity and similarity to mentees had significant effects on trust and relational satisfaction. Finally, reliability of mentors increased relational satisfaction, and the higher trust, the lower turnover intent. Therefore, it is suggested that a mentoring program considering capability, authenticity and the similarity of mentors to mentees will bring better results.

In the present study, we evaluated on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of MeOH extract of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance (F. rhynchophylla). The free radical scavenging activities of the MeOH extract and its solvent fractions of F. rhynchophylla were assessed by two different methods using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS. The antioxidant activities of the MeOH extract of F. rhynchophylla were 33% and 89% at 100 μg/mL on the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, respectively. In particular, the EtOAc fraction showed more potent antioxidant activities compared with the other fractions by 81% and 93% at 100 μg/mL on the DPPH and ABTS assay. Also, the antimicrobial activities of MeOH extract and its solvent fractions of F. rhynchophylla were tested using paper disc method against three bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The MeOH extract, n-hexane, and CHCl3 fractions exhibited antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. These results suggest that this plant extract could be utilized as a cosmetic ingredient possessing antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

Human beings have the aesthetic instinct to look beautiful. Beauty is under the spotlight as the new high value-added industry in the 21st century, the beauty academy that is one of the place for you to learn the beauty technique has been recognized as an educational institution that is training and producing professionals. And than it’s operating more active. Beauty is a field that requires specialized knowledge and technical skills, so beauty academy is required the training of specialized person who has a good grounding in aesthetic field, and curriculum of the beauty academy, which can lead professionals is very important Now, nail art national certification was introduced in 2014 after hair, skin national certification. And it is necessary to find out that qualitative improvement of beauty education in accordance with the spirit of the practical science that is training specialists with practical education. Therefore, the present study aims to help as a basis for future beauty education policy by examining the satisfaction of Academy courses for the students.

This study was performed to evaluate a usefulness of rose hip extract as a material for cosmetic on the basis of the antioxidative compounds, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, and tyrosinase inhibition activity. Pericarp and pulp of a dried rose hip fruit was separately extracted with Purified water and 99% ethanol. Hydrophobic compound contained in the ethanol extract was removed by centrifugation and hydrophilic compound was selectively used. The functional ingredients that are polyphenol, total phenolic compounds, total flavonol, and vitamin C, and the functional effects that are DPPH scavenging activity, antibacterial activity, and tyrosinase inhibition activity were selectively analyzed. The functional ingredients contained in the water extract of both the pericarp and pulp were relatively higher than those contained in the ethanol extract. DPPH scavenging activity of the water extract was higher than that of the ethanol extract but tyrosinase inhibition activity of the ethanol extract than that of the water extract. However, all of the extracts obtained from rose hip didn’t have antibacterial activity. It is very possible that the water extract of the rose hip may be suitable as a material for functional cosmetic with antioxidant activity and the ethanol extract may be proper for the whitening cosmetic.

Avena sativa, known as oat, has been reported to improve the moisture levels of facial skin. However, effects of Avena sativa on pigmentation and facial flush have not been investigated. This study verify the efficacy of a cream containing Avena sativa extracts on skin pigmentation and facial flush. This clinical efficacy experiment employed 10 females above the age of 35 selected a randomized and double-blind clinical trial. They were instructed to use a cream containing oats extracts as a major ingredient on one side of their face and a cream without oats on the other side. A Robo Skin Analyzer (CS50, Inforward Inc, Japan) was employed to identify the impact of the oats cream on the pigmentation and hot flush of their facial skin. The experiment was conducted for 4 weeks after use of the two creams. the pigmentation located on the side affected by oats extract had lightened by 38.21% after 4 weeks and the hot flush decreased by 65.97% after 4 weeks use. In addition, throughout the duration of the experiment, side effects such as erythema, edema, scaling, itching, stinging, burning, tightness, and prickling were not observed. These results manifested Avena sativa extracts affect to reduce human facial pigmentation and flush, introducing as a cosmetic ingredient.

To figure out the effects of depression caused by hair loss on daily life stress against those in their 20-60 s living in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi area, the respondents’ depression conditions and their daily life stress were investigated using a self-administered questionnaire. According to regression analysis on the effects of depression in both hair loss group and non-hair loss group on daily life stress, depression had a significant effect on daily life stress (p<.001). In a hair loss group, as unstable psychological state and pathological symptom occurrence rates increased, there was a positive effect on daily life stress (p<.001). In a non-hair loss group, as reliability on their own ability decreased, and unstable psychological state and pathological symptom occurrence rates increased, a positive effect on daily life stress was found (p<.001). In analysis on the effects of between-group depression on daily life stress, a hair loss group (r²=0.790, r²=0.326) was more correlated than a non-hair loss group (r²=0.773, r²=0.296) in terms of interpersonal relationship stress and health stress, which means that depression in a hair-loss group has a high positive effect on daily life stress. It is expected that the study results would be helpful in the improvement and development of hair loss management and treatment programs as basic data on social and psychological characteristics that people can experience during their hair loss.

This study is for checking the possibility of Poria cocos as cosmetic materials. For this we carried out biological active evaluation about antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging by using extraction parts of Poria cocos and solvent extraction. We extracted Poria cocos by extraction parts (bark, inside skin) and solvents (water extracts, ethanol), and then in order to evaluate antioxidant activity we processed samples by concentration and carried out DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS radical scavenging. Also, in order to evaluate effect of anti-aging we carried out evaluation of Elastase inhibitory activity and Collagenase inhibitory activity. To evaluate effect of anti-inflammatory we evaluated toxicity of samples through MTT assay with a macrophage (raw 264.7 cells) and measured Nitric Oxide production inhibitory activity. As a result at the experiment of DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS radical scavenging of antioxidant evaluation, ethanol extracts showed more superiority in all three groups, A, B and C than water extracts of Poria cocos of evaluations of the effect against wrinkles, according to the result of measurement of elastase inhibitory activity, PCE (A) showed 96.7% effect and PCE(B) showed 98.3% effect respectively at 1000μg/ml concentration. Also, according to the result of measurement of collagenase inhibitory activity, PCE (A) showed 60.0% effect and PCE (B) showed 72.2% effect respectively, so it means effect of ethanol extracts is superior. According to the result of nitric oxide production inhibitory activity, PCW (A) showed 60.4% effect and PCW (B) showed 60.3% effect respectively. This showed that effect of anti-inflammatory was greater in water extracts. In other words, ethanol extracts of Poria cocos proved effective against wrinkles by hindering antioxidant capacity and activities of elastase and collagenase by ROS. Water extracts showed superiority of effect of anti-inflammatory, so it suggests that Poris cocos extracts can be used as natural substance of cosmetics which are safe in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging.

Desire for beauty regardless of gender in the modern society has led to the great development of beauty markets, and celebrities are playing important roles in influencing the public with newest fashion trends. There is a thesis which reports that fashion trends are changing approximately every four years and the thesis had further analyzed top twenty celebrities of ‘인기가요’ of ‘S’ broadcasting company based on their makeup and hairstyles at an interval of three years. According to the analysis, in the years of 2001 to 2006, the hairstyles were basically divided into two types; the haircuts giving soft-image and short hair styles such as Beckham’s which gives a strong image. The makeup used were mainly base skin care types such as toner and lotion without color based makeup such as eyebrow makeup. During the years from 2007 to 2009, the trendy hairstyles were medium length dandy-cut and mushroom-cut with natural waves. The fringe was either cut asymmetrically or into short bangs. The makeup was largely focused on eyes with thick eyeliners, dark bases were used for contouring in order to emphasize masculinity and lips were basically in red tones. In the years of 2010 to 2012, hairstyles such as asymmetrical and two block cuts were in trend and hair products such as wax was used to give spiky touches on the hair to add masculinity. With improved choices of makeup in both base and color, the base makeup which was most similar to men’s skin tone was used with darker eye shadows for eye makeup. In the years of 2013 to 2014, unisexual dandy-cut with down-perming of side hairs and hair dyes such as grey color which can reflect their own characters were in trend. Makeup was basically focused on eye makeup such as Smokey emphasizing underlines, shading and burgundy in order to express masculinity in their eyes. Red tone lip makeup was used to balance the mixture of feminism and masculinity. As the above analysis is indicating, male celebrities’ trends in hairstyles and makeup have greatly varied with affects from both economical developments over the years and changing generations. Such phenomenon together with ordinary Korean men’s increased interest in makeup and K-pop are likely to affect the men’s beauty market internationally. Furthermore, in order to improve the beauty market today, it is vital for hairstylists and beauticians to predict the likely trends in the future and improved professional education and researching is needed to develop the manufacturing of beauty products.

To examine the ingredients of natural hair dye, bleached hair in 7 level was dyed with henna of oxidation hair dye and natural hair dye on the market and then it was dyed with black rice ethanol extract processed by acid or alkali. The coloring, fastness of color and hair damage have compared and analyzed in terms of physical change, observation with the naked eye and microscope. As a result, hair processed by black rice in 3 ways is superb in coloring and fastness in terms of observation with the naked eye, brightness, redness and yellowness. Moreover, black rice-processed hair is considered to be better in thickness, tensile strength and the thickness of hair epidermis compared to oxidation hair dye and be less damaged; therefore, it is dyed peachblow and khaki so it is very practical in stylish dye.

This study is to find out the service value of skin care shop according to the adult women’s interest on the skin care on the service quality in a time when looks and clear skin act as an competitive edge. The purpose of this study is to enhance the quality of service of esthetic shop and help improve the competiveness of the skin care industry. To collect data, women in their 20s to 60s living in Seoul who visit esthetic shop were surveyed from October 15th, 2014 to March 2nd, 2015 using a questionnaire, 138 copies of which were used for the analysis. SPSS 18.0 were used to statistically analyze collected data and conduct frequency analysis, Cronbach‘s, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results were as follows. First, when it comes to the difference in interests on skin care according to general characteristics of the subjects, while there was significance difference according to the marital status, there was no significant difference in accordance with age, educational background, job, and the family income. Second, in terms of the service value and quality of skin care ship according to the level of interest on skin care, there were significant difference on the level of interest according to perceived monetary value on the service value, perceived non-monetary value, and perceived sacrifice value. As it relates to the difference in service quality according to the level of interest on the skin care, there was meaningful difference in technical quality and functional quality according to the level of interest. Lastly, with regard to the impact of service value of esthetic shops on the service quality, the more the perceived non-monetary value and perceived sacrifice value, the higher the recognized service quality.

As the positive image of the tattoo is spreading, recently, the tattoo has settled as an element of makeup and fashion. Fashion tattooing is a method that naturally shows various emotional motivations of individuals such as group affiliation, competitive spirit and personality expression, etc., which is gradually spreading the public through fashion shows or fashion leaders like entertainers. Accordingly, studies of preference for tattoos are actively conducted, but there is a limitation in expressing this on the body. Thus, this study implemented a prototype simulator that combines the body tattoo, which reflect the preference for tattoos by body part. For this, with the male tattoo consumers as subjects, the body parts were divided into 10 parts: arms, brachia, wrists, shoulders, chest, back, neck, calves, ankles and rear pelvis through preceding studies and selected preferred tattoo images into nine patterns: animal, person, geometry, plant, complex, artifact, letter and others, applied to the tattoo simulator. In order to detect the body parts, the OpenCV template matching algorithm was used, and in order to check the results of the test with the simulator, Sims male character images were used. The results of this study can be used by consumers and tattoo artists without any additional education and the results of tattooing can be predicted in real time, so it is expected that the satisfaction with designs with tattooing will be improved.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships among college students’ academic stress, grades, physical symptoms, and satisfaction with major. Bootstrapping was utilized to examine the mediating effect of physical symptoms in the relationships. The findings of the study are as follows. First, as to the relationships between academic stress and grades, pressure for good grades and psychological stress were the two factors that significantly affected grades. Pressure for good grades and psychological stress were shown to be greater with lower grades. The results imply that although interpersonal relationship stress did not have a significant effect on grades, achieving good grades requires intensive effort to study, often neglecting efforts for good interpersonal relationships. Based on the results it is recommended that universities develop and support programs for outstanding students to help relieve them of interpersonal relationship stress. Second, the results of bootstrapping in SPSS Macro, revealed the mediating effect of physical symptoms in the relationship between academic stress and satisfaction with major. More specifically, the effect of interpersonal relationship stress and psychological stress on satisfaction with major was significantly mediated by physical symptoms. The results indicate that a high level of interpersonal and psychological stress from university life induces physical symptoms, which decrease the level of satisfaction with major.

This study aims to present effective ways of doing bridal makeups which are suited for five bridal makeup images by applying appropriate eyeshadow colors. Out of various bridal makeup images, this study chose five: natural, romantic, elegant, classical, and modernistic, which are preferred by those occupied in fashion and makeup industry. To do bridal makeups of intended images, a certain color group was applied to eye makeups of ten models. To do effective eye makeups mainly using eyeshadow colors, this study made basic makeup tones brighter than original skin tones by one or two levels. Blusher and lip colors of the pink and coral group which females favor most were applied. Classical image bridal makeups used the classical-looking red group for lips. The brown color group was applied to obtain natural image makeups, and the pink color group was used for romantic image makeups, the purple color group, for elegant image makeups, the gold brown color group, for classical image makeups, and the bluish gray color group, for modernistic image makeups. The following are the results obtained. First, a use of the pale brown color group for eyeshadow emphasized naturalness, and could express natural image bridal makeups. Second, the pink color group showed eyeshadow to be soft, emphasizing loveliness and making bridal makeups romantic. Third, eyeshadow in the purple color group with a gorgeous image was expressed in a roundish style, making bridal makeups luxurious and elegant. Fourth, the gold brown color group with a classical image revealed eyeshadow to be subdued, leading to neat and classical bridal makeups. Finally the bluish gray color group showed eyeshadow not to be excessive, emphasizing a shimmering effect and making bridal makeups look modernistic. There has been little research that has conducted and suggested bridal makeups along with eyeshadow focusing on makeup colors, so this study is expected to provide basic materials for practices in relation to wedding beauty jobs, and to be utilized by those working at wedding shops so that they can make bridal makeups substantial and individualistic.

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the LOHAS images of nail shops on customer satisfaction, trust and customer loyalty. It’s specifically meant to analyze the concepts and theories of LOHAS image, customer satisfaction, trust and customer loyalty, the influential factors of LOHAS image for the three variables, and the influential relationships of two selected LOHAS images factors, which were environment friendliness and the use of sustainable materials, to the three.The major findings of the study were as follows:The two factors of LOHAS images that were environment friendliness and the use of sustainable materials were found to have affected customer satisfaction, customer trust and customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction exerted a great statistically significant positive influence on customer trust, and customer satisfaction also had a great statistically significant positive influence on that. In addition, customer trust exercised a great statistically significant positive influence on customer loyalty as well. The findings illustrated that customer loyalty was under the influence of whether the nail service provided came up to one’s expectations or not, of the use of quality products, of whether the services provided were of the same quality, and of trust in nail services. The findings of the study suggest that the LOHAS images, which were environment friendliness and the use of sustainable materials, had an impact on customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty, and that it’s consequently required to accentuate the LOHAS images. To make it happen, the environments of nail shops should be improved, and perfect explanation on what materials are to be used should be offered. The preparation of sustainable facilities and techniques is also necessary to boost customer orientation and customer trust. If a long-term relationship is built in this way, it will serve to heighten customer loyalty to prevent customer churn.