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Even though it has been increased the interest of research ethics and progressed research ethics education after Hwang’s scandal in 2005, many researchers have still unconcerned the research ethics and think that it is a kind of restricts which limit researcher’s free research activities. The primary premise of this article is that the research ethics plays an important role to improve researcher, academic community and nation. So I emphasize that according to the integrative approach for an establishment of a desirable research ethics the research ethics consciousness of researcher’s and institution or system to support responsible conduct of research (RCR) should be harmonized. In this paper, I discuss some basic contents of research ethics which researcher must understand and fulfill for RCR, such as the backgrounds, concept and principles, scope, importance of research ethics and task for research ethics establishment.

In this study, I carried out foot refl exology, which is a program affecting psychological criterion of an old age, targeting eight elderly couples in rural area in order to examine a usefulness of foot refl exology by analyzing the effect on depression, anxiety status and leisure satisfaction after foot refl exology training and treatments. I planned pre-to-post of the same experimental group which contains eight elderly couples. Foot refl exology training and treatments are conducted 60 minutes one time, twice a week and for 12 weeks. The changes of depression, anxiety status and leisure satisfaction were measured. We reached a conclusion that depression (p<.01), anxiety status (p<.05), and leisure satisfaction (p<.001) were significantly decrease after the foot refl exology training and treatments. Therefore, Foot refl exology training and treatments can be useful of elderly couple’s leisure program in rural area for their leisure satisfaction and mental health.

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlations between cut fl ow changes and hair stylings by the treatment angle of increase layer shapes. For this, such 12 hair stylings as C curls, S curls and out curls were worked out, thus examining its correlations with cut fl ow changes. Study fi ndings are as follows. First, as for the change of layer shapes by the guideline positions and treatment angles of increase layers. In the perpendicular parting, it formed short layers and diagonal back fl ows around the face in the diagonal front parting, it presented slightly rhythmic senses and strong diagonal back fl ows in the short hair in the front and its nape length was longest in the horizontal parting, it showed short length shapes around the face and created the same feel of material around the head, thus presenting the sense of very light and in the diagonal back parting, the fl ow of layers went down to the opposite direction and hair was accumulated around the line of face, thus creating a weighty sense. Second, as for the correlations between the fl ow of C curls, S curls and out curls and curls. In the perpendicular parting, curl waves were created around the face, thus presenting the sense of fl exibility and refi ned beauty in the diagonal front parting, the fl ow of curl was created in a strong diagonal back, thus presenting the sense of softness, elegance and stability in the horizontal parting, curls were created on all the parts of head, thus showing the sense of liberty, activity and gorgeousness and in the diagonal back parting, the zone of weight was created around the face, thus presenting a slightly weighty curl fl ow.

This study aims at applying elegance image to nail art assessed as an area of art, and resurfacing woman’s beauty. The article explored approaches exemplifying the photos of elegance image, looking into correlation of nail art design scope and expression, introducing elegance image into the motive of nail art design, and researching into and developing nail art as a fi eld of design with aesthetic beauty and artistry . This study could fi nd that proper use of soft color or grayish color creates sensitive and elegant feeling, and arranging similar colors expresses a typical elegance image. Elegance image is mixed with refined, gracious, and luxurious image, giving relatively simple and gentle feeling, which can be expressed in nail art design in a various technique and form. Thus producing nail art design is signifi cant in harmonious production of color and image, and various studies on image expression is thought to steadily proceed.

The purpose of this study is to scientifi cally examine the infl uence of stone therapy upon sensitive facial skin. The stone therapy have received attention as a facial treatment for sensitive skin but the effectiveness of stone therapy is unconfirmed. In this study, we did two experiments of the 120 employees who were working for Samsung electronics, Samsung semiconductor, and we selected 7 persons among them who were considered as sensitive facial skin. In a clinical testing, we carried out the stone therapy for these 7 persons twice a week for 4 weeks. As a result, the skin temperature, moisture, oil and elasticity of 7 participants were improved overall as the stone therapy proceeded. Therefore, stone therapy seemed to be effective as a facial treatment for the sensitive skin. This study shows that stone therapy can be a effective measure for sensitive skin instead of meridian massage or massage using machine no longer valid.

Manipulative therapies are commonly used in the treatment of pain and effective for pain relief. Appropriate assessment of pain is necessary for proper treatment and objective evaluation of treatment effects. However, it is unknown how pain assessment tools are used in the fi eld of manipulative therapy. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the manipulative therapists’ perception and use of pain assessment tools. A total of 155 manipulative practitioners working in Seoul and Kyongkido and college students who were awarded a manipulative therapy certifi cation completed survey questionnaires. The majority of respondents did not use pain assessment tools in the fi eld of manipulative therapy. Users knew pain assessment tools mostly through eduction and textbooks. They used the tools mostly for the initial diagnosis of pain. The most commonly used scale to assess pain was the brief pain inventory (BPI) followed by the McGill Pain Questionnaire and numerical rating scale. The reasons for not using pain assessment scales were the lack of perception and difficulty in accessing information. The majority of non-users were willing to use tools to assess pain and have education on pain scales. To promote using pain assessment scales non-users thought that increase in advertisements and expanding opportunity in education would be mostly important. They also thought that BPI was the most appropriate scale to assess pain. The majority of respondents agreed on need for development of new pain scale specialized for the fi eld of complementary and alternative medicine including lifestyle and stress evaluation. The results of this study suggest that use of pain scales should be propagated and promoted in complementary and alternative medicine through the advertisements and education about the need and instructions for pain assessment tools.

The purpose of this research is to prove that manual therapy is effective in treating unbalanced body using manual therapy treatment. The subjects of this experiment are 30 people who have asymmetric back and neck as the result of Moire check. First of all, the result of the experiment showed the physical satisfaction from the treatment was high in the case of students(4.07±0.50), singles(4.10±0.51), and the people of younger age(4.10±0.53). Secondly, the psychological satisfaction from the treatment was high in the case of graduate students(3.85±0.72), singles(3.83±0.49), and the people from 25 to 29 age(4.20±0.43). Also, in treating the differences in the angles of the superior and lower shoulder, lumbar part, and iliac crest with manual therapy, it was observed that there were angle differences in the superior(9.40±8.40) and lower shoulder(12.23±11.03). It was seen manual therapy could alleviate the pain from the unbalance of the body and as such, manual therapy could be utilized as a medical alternative and treatment method for illness prevention.

The purpose of this research is to prove the effectiveness of manual therapy on stress level reduction by measuring the changes in biochemical index of women which include lipid level and stress index. The subjects of this experiment are 30 people who were given full explanation about the purpose and process of this experiment and are willing to take part in this work. The result of the experiment is the following. First, in the observation of blood biochemical index, there was a change in the level of TG (69.27±27.60) and LDL-C (119.28±24.41) after manual therapy. Second, there was a change in the level of Norepinephrine (118.58±48.50) and Dopamine (13.94±5.79) in stress hormone. As a result, the experiment on the changes of the level of biochemical index after manual therapy showed that manual therapy has an effect on the reduction of lipid level in blood and stress hormone. Also, this experiment supports the effectiveness of manual therapy on stress reduction in a scientifi c and systematic way.

Due to low birth rate, young married couples want to raise their children specially. Atopy and skin diseases are increased by the environmental pollution. The demand for baby cosmetics is also increasing. Based on the assumption that there must be a casual relationship between the consumption pattern of mothers(the actual purchaser) and the purchase of baby cosmetics, this study aims to explain the purchase behavior for baby cosmetics and provide the basic data for establishing the effective marketing strategies. Survey questionnaires were distributed targeting the mothers residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi, and 338 questionnaires were used for the fi nal analysis. The result are as follows. First, consumption patterns are divided into ‘showing off’, ‘following the trend’, ‘economy’ and ‘public interest’. Second, consumption patterns have signifi cant differences according to the socio-demographic characteristics. Third, there are signifi cant differences in selection criteria, the place of purchase, purchase cost and manufacturer for baby cosmetics, in accordance with the consumption pattern. Fourth, in respect of the satisfaction level and the purchase intention for baby cosmetics, the general baby cosmetics was the highest. As shown as the above, the consumption pattern of mothers has the effect on the purchase of baby cosmetics.

This study tries to focus on concept and characteristics of minimalism and furthermore analyze fashion, building, sculptures based on it while studying the minimalism which becomes the powerful trend for hair style of 21th century through sculptures, construction and fashion based on their mutual organic relationship. It has searched for documents, studies and internet sites to know art trend and hair style of mass media. Why the minimalism which can be considered to be the top of beauty of simpleness, becomes the center of modern art is primarily because the desire of escaping from reality gets higher as the society becomes complex. We has concluded that the minimalism in sculptures has resisted the art of previous era as producing 3 dimensional object with its industrial materials while it excludes ornament ultimately in construction and it regarded the practical, the functional, the simple and no ornament as beauty of art. The minimalism in fashion, which is represented by mini skirt has pursued for simple and moderate line without ornament and shows the simpleness by tightening style or no ornament. The minimalism in hair style has been expressed in minimal bob style and manish short cut.

Nowadays, worlds famous fashion designers tend to collaborate so many variety fields which are related. One of them, fashion is related with the cosmetics, make-up, & etc. They exist as aesthetic philosophy in their fi elds. This study focuses on three points. First, the analysis of the aesthetic characteristics which Armani’s fashion is shown. Second, the analysis of the aesthetic characteristics which Armani’s cosmetics are shown. Third, The analysis of the aesthetic characteristics which Armani’s make-up is shown. As follows: The aesthetic characteristics which Armani’s fashion is shown in cosmetics & make-up. First, the characteristics of the brief simplicity: Armani’s fashion removes unnecessary factors of clothes such as a wick of shoulder, he pursue briefly on cosmetics packages, express elegance. He is interested in texture of skin so wear make-up the expressions of skin in many ways. Second, the characteristics of the temperance : The sexlessness colors such as grey, monotones are shown as the characteristics the temperate. Third, the characteristics of the androgenous : By the medium of the modifi cation of jackets, Armani expresses sharp, modern and capable women’s image which does not devide men & women. The results of this study show how Korean fashion and cosmetic culture can be globalized.

In this study, we research the four seasonal preference and image of make-up color according to age and career. Demonstrating the seasonal make color to express the different skin texture, the image according to the skin texture was different from the same color image. At 20s age they preferred to the black pale red color and they who are at late 30 age preferred to the dull yellow red. There are distinguishing differences as their age. This study is tried to establish the systematic image in making up of the same color to the various skin texture. We found that we recognized the wanted image through the seasonal make-up preference according to age and career. This study may be helpful to demonstrate the well positioned and standardized image.

By using the Rumex crispus L. root extract, the attempt is undertaken to measure the melanin inhibitory activity and change in the melanin and erythema values in a way of reviewing the function as the functional cosmetics composition. Rumex crispus L. root ethanol extract and tyrosinase inhibitory activity and cell viability in B16F10 melanoma cells, melanin inhibitory activity and the essence and pack manufactured by applying to the melanin and erythema values were also studied. As a result, the inhibition of the tyrosinase was shown its effect at the density of 125 ㎍/㎖ of extracted material. For the B16F10 cell, the cell viability did not show the cytotoxicity at the density of 200 ㎍/㎖ or less and the tyrosinase activation control was shown to be 16.0% at 100 ㎍/ ㎖ while the melanin inhibitory activity was for 14.0%. The change of the melanin and erythema value of skin was shown to have the noticeable difference (p<.001) in the experiment group following the time of use for the index prior to experiment compared to the contrast group. According to the foregoing result, the extract from the Rumex crispus L. root showed skin whitening improvement effect to have the possibility as the ingredient for the functional cosmetics composition and it is considered to continue its studies on this subject.

We have examined the situation of utilization, the reason of selection and satisfaction of alternative therapies on atopic dermatitis, sampling parents who have children experienced atopic dermatitis in childhood, depending on the overall recognition rate of the disease. Total 220 questionnaires were distributed and except 20 insincere responses only 200 questionnaires were analyzed. The method of analyzing about collected data was carried out through data cording and data cleaning by using a spss v. 14.0 statistical packages. And frequency analysis and cross-tabulation analysis was done. According to this study, at the rate of this disease, boys were higher than girls less than age 8, lasting period less than 5 to 7 years in parts taken ill laying legs, arms, neck etc in order. The range of this ill usually occupies about 20-30% of pations’ body. The symptoms of iching seem to be severity more or less. In the result of investigation, the average of knowledge-level on atopic dermatitis showed 72 points out of 100. At the inquiry about 156 subjects, hot spring and bath therapy was the highest replacement therapy of all to improve the disease. Most of information of it came from mainly internet. As a whole friends and relatives introduced th parents of patients the replacement therapy and satisfaction for it came to 43.60%. As a result, according to parents’ knowledge-level about the use of alternative therapies there are a lot of kinds of therapies. Therefore, research should be lasted forward to fi nd out kinds and effects of alternative therapies on atopic dermatitis.

The purpose of this study is to examine the difference elements of front hair style to understanding preferred image. The data collection was surveyed by men and women with an age range of 20s to 60s living in the Gyeongnam region. A total of 431 valid surveys were used for the fi nal analysis. For data analysis, the SPSS 18.0 statistics package was used to conduct factor analysis, reliability analysis, analysis of variance, and crosstabulation. Consequently, we demonstrated that five factors, uniqueness, cuteness, feminine, charm, and classiness, were preferred by participants in survey. In each individual factor, Feminine image was involved by front hair length among the front hair design factor. In minor respondents, they cut their front hair with using partial wigs as occasion demands. In addition, Charming image was involved by the length of the front hair towards the nose and a round front hair cut. For classy images, we analyzed that round hair parting line and nature or brown colors. Our study provided an empirical guideline for beauty industry marketing and reference data for creating a unique and charming appearance for both beautician experts and non-experts.

This study conducted component analysis using 3-7-year-old boy’s urine on the day of collection (U), aged urine (AU), dialyzed urine (DU), and dialyzed after 3 days urine (DAU), and analyzed antioxidant and antimicrobial activity activities. In the results of the component analysis of urine, urea concentration was over 5 times higher in U (1393 mg/dL) and AU (11576 mg/dL) than in dialyzed DU and DAU. Uric acid concentration and creatine concentration were also over 10 times higher in U (60.2 mg/dL and 79.79 mg/dL, respectively) and AU (63.99 mg/dL and 63.99 mg/dL, respectively) than in dialyzed DU and DAU. Protein and micro albumin were not signifi cantly different between non-dialyzed and dialyzed samples. Urine DPPH was over 2 times higher in DAU (108.6%) and DU (105.2%) than in U and AU, total fl avonoid content was over 1.5 times higher in AU (2.68 mg/ mL) and U (2.27 mg/mL) than in D and DAU and total polyphenol content was over 10 times higher in AU (36.87 mg/mL) and U (32.51 mg/mL) than in D and DAU. In the results of measuring FRAP, only DU (0.17 μmol/L) showed an over 12 times lower value. The antimicrobial activity of urine against Trichophyton rubrum was high in order of U >AU >DU >DAU. These results suggest that urine as a human-friendly resource has potential for application as a new material.

In recent years, rise in income has led to more interest toward maintaining a healthier lifestyle and appearance including well-being and anti-aging, giving rapid rise in the consumption of cosmeceuticals. This paper aims to, in line with the social changes of today, present a new direction in the cosmeceuticals marketing strategy, based on meticulous studies of the purchasing pattern (behavior and attitude) of cosmeceuticals of women students in provincial universities. Most women students know about the cosmeceuticals and they aquires information by the advertisement on TV, Internet. Most students has used cosmeceuticals during 2 years and bought it in the cosmetics shop and think proper price would be 30,000-50,000 won. Whether they major in cosmeceuticals affects their usage behavoir, especially acknowledge, price, period of use, etc. This results will be very useful for the marketing strategy of the cosmeceuticals company.

An eyebrow tilt forms a trend according to the needs of the times as the most important factor infl uencing a face shape in forming an image and is used and developed to attempt an image change. However, most researches on an eyebrow tilt have focused on survey-type statistics of eyebrow images irrespective of its mathematical approach or scientific analysis. Since the basis of the statistics relies on extremely personal standards, communication between interviewers and respondents may not be positive. Thus, it is necessary to numerate tilts accurately. The purpose of study is to analyze eyebrow tilts and changes in eyebrow shapes through the application of numerical items. The scope of study focuses on a tilt out of color, thickness, curve degree, and length which consist of eyebrow shapes. This study considers that it is possible to apply the degree of changes in rules, namely, the average rate of change which fi nds an average tilt between two sections for a numerical item for scientific analysis of eyebrow tilts. Thus, for the methods of study, after theoretical review on the average rate of change and then, this study applies the tilt of eyebrow make-up to the average rate of change to fi nd numerical value and conducts empirical analysis of changes in eyebrow make-up shapes. As a result, it was found that there was difference between visual and actual average rate of change in eyebrow shapes and the average rate of change in eyebrow make-up has become very low since 2005. In other words, the current trend of eyebrow make-up is toward a fl at shape. Based on this measurement method, this study is intended to be used as materials for the image analysis or trend changes of make-up design and become the foundation of scientifi c research.

Although the studies of ingredient with antioxidant effect have been performing, in vitro and in vivo study of product containing antioxidant was not sufficient relatively. Potential antioxidants are very unstable due to auto-oxidation despite of their stabilized form exposed to air or sunlight. Especially, cosmetics were made through the process of high temperature, homogenization and mixture of a lot of ingredients. So, we cannot assure whether antioxidants keep the anti-oxidative effi cacy on the fi nished product without any confi rming test. In this study, we investigated antioxidant effect through DPPH and ORAC method and human volunteer test of three types of products with Actosome Ramalin as a stabilized form of Ramalin reported potent antioxidant previously. IC50 value of fi nished products, Essence, Ample and Cream, was 6.7%, 41.62% and 3.2% respectively. ORAC value showed 1034.52μM TE/g, 953.41μM TE/g and 1023.49μM TE/g. In in vivo human test of Essence, skin hydration, texture, brightness and lifting were statistically improved after 3 weeks and 6 weeks compared to before using product. In the case of Ample, skin elasticity of R5 parameter on the side of eye was statistically improved after 2 weeks and 4 weeks compared to before using product. Cream statistically improved skin texture and skin tone after 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Any problem in the skin was not revealed in human volunteer test. From these results, we suggest that we can claim the skin anti-oxidative effect of product in the demonstration of anti-oxidative effect of finished product. And products formulated only antioxidant as active ingredient were improved and alleviated phenomena of facial skin aging in human volunteer test. Therefore, anti-oxidative effi cacy demonstration of products containing anti-oxidant will be more practical and realistic approach to measure anti-oxidative level than raw material test.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of the beauty educational institution and beauty curriculums, which based on the existing data. As a result, it was found that the beauty educational institutions are such as Ministry of Employment and Labor, Ministry of Gender Equality and Family Republic of Korea, Seoul which can receive educational support, schools for paid private education and support scholarships, and private institutions for paid private education and learning program supported by Ministry of Employment and Labor. The survey compared beauty artists, workers at beauty shops and workers at the skin care centers among the 193 current beauty artists about the utilization of the educational institution of the fi rst education and reeducation. As a result, the utilization of private institution was the highest with 52.8% at the fi rst education, their burden on education fees in carrying it out was the highest with 38.9% in factors of diffi culties and the utilization of the company at reeducation was the highest with 30.1%. In the study of the awareness about the beauty educational institution, ‘private educational institution’ was the highest with 28.5% and Ministry of Employment and Labor, Ministry of Gender Equality and Family Republic of Korea was the lowest in the survey. The survey about ‘The necessity of information about beauty educational institutions’ was the highest with 84.4% of those questioned were ‘necessary’. For the vitalization of educational support and reducing the burden of educational fee, it is necessary to be exposed to a lot more information about the beauty educational institutions and expanded curriculums of reeducation.

This study intends to grasp the degree of adult acne by eating habit and living habit between male acne patients and normal people, compare the actual condition of skin care, announce an importance of managing adult’s acne and grasp aggravating factors of acne so as to suggest the fundamental materials which are helpful to prevent it previously. Total 400 questionnaires were distributed and collected and materials were arranged. And, 317 questionnaires were used for the final analysis by excluding 83 questionnaires of nonresponse, insincerity or abnormality. And, the results of this study are as follows. According to the stable life, emotional factor and age increase which are caused by marriage, the numerical value of acne was decreased. If considering that students’ stress and burden for studying were great, the rate of acne was high. The questions related to acne were greatly divided into total 3 things; ‘knowledge related to management’, ‘knowledge related to acne reasons’ and ‘knowledge related to aggravating factors’. Acne group showed higher standard of knowledge than normal group relatively. Also, for the facial skin type, it could be supposed that acne skin has more oil and sebum than normal skin. As the result of analyzing the relationship between eating/ living habit and acne between the groups, normal group showed more positive eating/living habit than acne group relatively. For the using of basic cosmetics suitable for skin type, there were lots of objects who select products suitable for the skin type relatively in acne group.

This article explored the effect on improvement of skin on the back of hands, focused on women in their 40s, 50s and 60s who begin to suffer from aging, and conducted a 12-weeks dietary experiment to 10 persons in each group, by categorizing into complex diet group of collagen+vinegar(C+V), single diet group of collagen(C), single diet group of vinegar(V) and control group(Cont). The results were as follows; Oil on the back of her hands of C+V group increased 1.6, 6.0 times that of C or V group, respectively. Melanin on the back of her hands of C+V group decreased 2.2, 4.3 times that of C or V group, respectively. Erythema on the back of her hands of C+V group decreased 3.1, 4.1 times that of C or V group, respectively. Callus on the back of her hands of C+V group decreased 4.5, 2.2 times that of C or V group, respectively. Furthermore, as for skin color on the back of hands, C+V group took a turn for the better than other groups. As for wrinkle on the back of hands, C group and C+V group took a turn for the better, but, C+V group was smoother than other groups. As confi rmed by the above results, complex diet of collagen+vinegar had a greater effect on improvement of skin on the back of hands of the women in their 40s, 50s and 60s, comparing with single diet of collagen or vinegar.

This study was conducted targeting the early 20’s university woman students in the department of cosmetic science. A total of 20 subjects were divided into the abdominal massage group using aroma(n=5), the chiropractic group(n=5), the aroma massage and chiropractic group(n=5), and the control group(n=5). Aroma oil was made by mixing sweet almond oil(50 ㎖) and cypress, grapefruit and lemon essential oil(5%). The PI adjustment of the pelvis using Gonstead method and chiropractic adjustment using diversifi ed technique were conducted with the subjects for 5 weeks. Finally abdominal obesity indexes were compared and analyzed: Body fat, BMI, abdominal skinfold, body fat mass, %body fat, and the change of the pelvis. Based on the results of this study, the aroma massage group had no statistically signifi cant difference in body fat mass, BMI, and the change of the pelvis, whereas it had a signifi cant difference in abdominal skinfold, WHR, and %body fat. The chiropractic group had some reduction, although no significant difference was found. The aroma massage and chiropractic group showed a statistically signifi cant difference in abdominal skinfold, body fat mass, WHR, %body fat, and the change of the pelvis but BMI. This study demonstrated that the combined use of chiropractic and aroma massage was effective for abdominal obesity.

Grotesque images breaking from stereo-type images to present new impacts and awakening are brought up as typical culture of modern times. Historically grotesque has existed in a way clashing with the world defi ned by existences that can be recognized by those in that period and norms, decorum and values of that culture. This paper analyzed grotesque images from movie characters by dividing into makeup and hair style fi elds and tried to mainly analyze the images of characters. The paper intends to analyze based on Baudrillard symbols to analyze how modern sociality is expressed refl ected on the roles by extracting images. The overall analysis on the images of roles as studied from this paper are as follows. First, colors and shapes were displayed exaggerated makeups or hair style for discordant and provocative images according to the roles. Second, femme fatal images are expressed lasciviously but can be regarded as presenting strange expressions recreated modernistically. These may not be atypical appearances but provide imagination that can be related with actual images for viewers using colors and textures refl ecting inherent images. We know that it expresses fundamental spirit of expressions by transforming to a category of life such as animism (mythical spirit), religion by displaying mysterious images. Lastly, extreme images are being expressed by new and diverse attempts in modern makeup but many alternatives should be presented continuously to express human desire and confl icts, in other words, mental confl icts.

In this study, we investigated effects of oriental herb extras contained cream in moisture contents of skin. To perform clinical trials, we produced nine kinds oriental herb extracts contained cream. The cream was manufactured as the cosmetic formulation of basic prescription by adding oriental herb extracts. Stable quality of cream was maintained until the clinical test was finished. And, the whole creams, except for the cream added by only pomegranate extract, maintained stable slightly acid for pH. After applying the cream, it is evaluated positively as the skin softness and fresh moisturizer. In clinical trails, the moisture content after the applying than more than before the applying by nearly two times. And after 1 hour, moisture content was reduced drastically and after 2-6 hours, moisture content was continuously reduced. Interestingly, participants applied oriental herb extract contained cream maintained high moisture content than applying basic cream. In the future, it should be necessary to study on the effect of basic cosmetics containing oriental extracts on skin’s changes of moisture content in comparison with basic cosmetics whose main material is chemical material after manufacturing oriental cream added by oriental extracts and functional cosmetics’ material together.

This study was conducted with a purpose of proposing a utilization possibility of lotus leaf extract as a cosmetics ingredient that is safe for acne-prone skins and with no side effects. By measuring the lotus leaf extracts that were extracted with 50%, 70% and 95% ethanol as a solvent with paper discs and MIC, a 50% ethanol with the most outstanding antimicrobial property was selected as the extraction solvent. The lotus leaf extract was observed to have antimicrobial activity for the resident skin flora and antioxidant and antiinfl ammatory activity. In addition, with no toxicity, it is safe to the human body, and it is deemed to be utilizable as the basic material for the development of new functional ingredients for the management of skins that are susceptible to acne with minimum side effects.

Both international and global trends are simultaneously increasing the academic ability and skill of beauticians. In fact, students and faculty at many beauty junior colleges and high schools, as well as current beauticians are increasingly interested in beauty and skill competitions. When beauticians compete in hair world championships and do well consistently, their interest in domestic and international competitions grows rapidly. This study aimed to contribute to the growth of the Korean beauty industry by analyzing the characteristics of trends at the Organization Mondiale Coiffure (OMC) hair world championship competitions. To accomplish this aim, the characteristics of winning styles and changes in designs from the 1980s to the 2000s were analyzed to examine hairstyles and colors at these international competitions. Individual styles were highlighted in the 1980s at a time when the world’s economy achieved rapid growth and the permanent wave was in fashion due to the development of various equipments and the release of styling products such as mousse and gel. In the 1990s, various styles coexisted, emphasizing one’s individuality. In the 2000s, a light cut style and bold makeup and hair colors were popular. This study discusses Korean hairdressing via participation in international hair contests and raises the perception of domestic beauticians by analyzing the changing trends in hairstyles at these international contests. Young students should continue to engage in a broad study of hairstyles at such international contests.

In This study was intended to develop teaching-learning instruction guidelines refl ecting a creative problemsolving learning model and a creative thinking technique in a make-up curriculum of vocational high schools, and provide a teaching material, in order to improve the ability and attitude necessary to creatively perform a job in the make-up related area. As for the study scope and study method, this researcher applied the creative problem solving of Treffinger, Isaksen and Dorval, brainstorming technique, and lotus blossom technique to the ‘bridal make-up’ section in the highschool make-up curriculum, and then developed and completed teaching-learning instruction guidelines. On the basis of the learning steps of the creative problem solving, the concrete teaching-learning instruction guidelines in the ‘bridal make-up’ section are presented as follows. In the understanding step of a problem, brainstorming technique was applied to understand the characteristics of a bride. In doing so, learners were allowed to fi gure out various characteristics of a bride and learn the ability to deal with the bridal make-up. In the planning step to create an idea and take action, learners were allowed to improve their creative ability to fi nd proper solutions and deal with problems according to the circumstance, going beyond the cramming system of education to learn the basic techniques of bridal make-up. Academically, this study is sure to be meaningful in the point that the teaching-learning instruction guidelines developed in this study and its relevant learning material meet the purpose of the 2007 revised curriculum focusing on selfdetermination and creativity, and greatly reflect the objective of the make-up course proposed in the 2007 revised curriculum, which is to improve the ability and attitude of learners in order to creatively perform a job in the make-up related area.

In this study, surveyed and analyzed what effect the job training and self-development training for nail beauty professional will have on job specialization and job satisfaction through theoretical considerations about training status, retraining, job specialization and job satisfaction in Republic of Korea. Demographic characteristics of the subjects were 97.3% women, 88.4% aged 20-30s, 74% single, 94.4% graduate high school-University, 74% a total of 1-3 years experience, 90.5% determined in 1-3 years, 93.1% 1,000,000 to less 3,000,000 won monthly income. The workplace training ‘if carried out,’ ‘satisfaction’, ‘interest’, ‘growth, development opportunities, ‘various education and training’, ‘systematic retraining’ items, such as the average from 3.20 (maximum 5) a lot of positive responses in workplace training conduct showed a signifi cantly higher satisfaction. Self-development education ‘necessity’, ‘desire’, ‘participation’, ‘aggressiveness’, ‘if invited’ items, such as 3.43 on the average (maximum 5), with a high majority of respondents have recognized the need for self-development training were reported to have participated or conducted. Looking at professional duties ‘service availability’, ‘confi dence’, ‘Recognition of the level’ items, such as 3.48 on the average (maximum 5) as the majority of respondents showed a high expertise in the job. Job satisfaction ‘satisfaction with colleagues, relationships’, ‘satisfaction with treatment’, ‘job satisfaction, self-esteem and growth’ mean at 3.49 (maximum 5) as a lot of positive responses were reported to have also high job satisfaction. In summary, the systematic and specialized services through re-training on the special knowledge and accumulated experience in the confidence and job skills with professional development to improve the treatment, good relationships with coworkers, and job satisfaction also increases the growth. To recap the fi ndings of the survey, professional development of workers through retraining affects the job satisfaction and practice and understanding for retraining, is not recommended for individuals. It will be the foundation for the development in organization because the organization’s growth and development depend on retraining.

Drinking alcohol has been associated with depression, disease, mortality and disability. Body image concerns and negative body image are also related with drinking alcohol and depression. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of drinking behavior on appearance satisfaction, facial skin concerns and skin care behavior in Korean females over 30 years of age. Korean females (n=131, aged 30-52 years) completed a battery of questionnaires regarding satisfaction with appearance, drinking behavior, facial skin concerns and skin care behavior. A total of 131 females completed the questionnaires. Among them, 58 females (44.3%) were nondrinkers and 73 (55.7%) females were drinkers. Marriage status (p=.034), number of children (p=.027), drinking behavior (p=.002) and religion (p=.029) were signifi cantly associated with appearance dissatisfaction by simple logistic regression analysis. Drinking behavior (p=.022, 95% CI: 0.593-7.474) was signifi cantly related with the appearance dissatisfaction in multiple logistic regression analysis. Drinking females were signifi cantly dissatisfi ed with their overall appearance (p=.021), face (p=.049), neck (p=.021), hands (p=.011), arms (p=.001), legs (p=.005), chests (p=.026) and total mean score of appearance scale (p=.001) than non-drinking females. Drinkers signifi cantly more concerned about wrinkles than nondrinkers (p=.029), although age classifi cation according to drinking behavior did not show significant difference (p=.643). Nondrinkers significantly used more protective sunscreen (p=.009) than drinkers. Drinkers had a tendency using more make up products than nondrinkers and signifi cantly used more make up base (p=.006). In conclusion, drinking females signifi cantly dissatisfi ed with their appearance and used more makeup products to cover their skin and used less protective sunscreen.