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The formidable barrier property of the stratum cornemum and the high hydrophilicity of active ingredientmake it difficult to permeate through the skin and reach to its site of action. So the interest of cosmeticindustry is how to promote percutaneous absorption of active ingredients. The aim of this study wasto analysis and organize theses on percutaneous absorption of active ingredient. Physical penetrationenhancers on the skin permeation is iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, tape stripping, and soon. A physical penetration enhancer that has received greater attention lately is MTS (Microneedle TherapySystem). This therapy uses micro-needle which is equipped with very thin, delicate needles smaller than a0.07 mm thick hair. During this therapy, the micro-needle makes small holes and helps absorb the solutioninto the skin. But the penetration enhancers on the skin permeation that has received the greatest attentionsince 2005 is a hoof shape method, such as pH-responsive P (MAA-co-PEGMA) hydrogel, micelle, nanoemulsion, liposome, ethosome. Especially, theses on nano emulsion and liposome (including ethosome)hold a large majority. According to the theses, the ethosome exhibited more enhanced skin permeabilitythan general liposome and ethanol solution.

In this study, examined the characteristics of each brand cut, Vidal Sassoon, Toni & Guy and Zone & Section which has been educational curriculum and academy since 40years, through the hair cutting diagram of Bob Style, the most popular and trendy style of beauty education from the 1910’s to the present, at all ages has been preferred and reinterpreted, so that it can be applied to a style suited to the tastes of Korean. As a result, Vidal Sassoon has understated texture processing techniques, pivoting, section of vertical direction and blent hair cut line, which has the most intense and heavy Bob Style. Toni & Guy has enough texture processing techniques, pivoting, section of diagonal and blent hair cut line, which has soft and natural Bob Style. Zone & Section has section of pivoting & vertical direction, point haircut line, which has most light and soft Bob Style due to has most texture processing techniques. It is shown when you uses the texture of the hair and the techniques of each brand, according to customers needs, which is indicated that Bob Style will be suited to the tastes of customers & Korean.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of beauty service (skin care, nail art make-up and etc.) on self-efficacy and job attitude (job satisfaction, organizational commitment). The data was collected through a survey with 335 users. This data was used to conduct mean analysis, factor analysis and regression analysis. The result of this study is as follows. The beauty service was analyzed to have positive effects on the self-efficacy and job attitude. The managerial implications which can be suggested from the results of this study are as follows. First of all, suppliers of the beauty service should advertise that it has positive effects on the self-efficacy and job attitude. Second, organizational manager should make various support system related to use of the beauty service to increase the work productivity. For the effective brand marketing of beauty service, they need to establish more systematic marketing strategy by accurately determining the needs of consumers and to make constant efforts to understand the rapidly changing trend and consumer sentiment.

This study attempted to investigate satisfaction in images depending on the thickness and darkness of eyebrows. For this, a total of 696 questionnaires were distributed to women from 20 to 50. Then frequency and percentage were calculated, and cross tabulation and chi-square analysis were conducted. The study results found the following: 92.5% responded that eyebrows have a considerable effect on image, and 85.1% preferred relatively thick eyebrows (more than average) to thin eyebrows. When asked how much younger they might look if they had the eyebrows they wanted, women in their 20s and 30s responded ‘1-2 year (s)’ and ‘3-5 years’ respectively. More than 23% of women in their 40s and 50s said, ‘more than 6 years.’ For all ages, more than 42% responded that they would be satisfied with their image if they had the thick eyebrows they wanted. 22% of women in their 50s responded that they would be happier if they had thick and dark eyebrows. When asked what image they expected with these thick eyebrows, those in their 20s to 40s said ‘stylish image’ while those in their 50s responded ‘looking young and lively.’ In sum, this study confirmed that most women in their 20s to 50s want to have thicker and darker eyebrows.

The study intended to investigate mutual relationship between variables and main cause. To this end, theauthor analyzed difference in influences of internet shopping mall attribute on consumer behavior accordingto shopping trend of consumer for cosmetics. As the results of study, it could be known that there wasdifference in influences of internet shopping mall attribute on consumer behavior such as satisfaction androyalty according to shopping trend of consumer for cosmetics. Accordingly, to encourage profit increaseof shopping mall through securing regular customer, it would be necessary to establish segmentedmarketing strategy fit to each market by segmenting market based on shopping trend of consumer ratherthan random marketing strategy for unspecified number of the general public, in order to boost the profitsof shopping malls by attracting loyal customers. Also, it is necessary to set marketing strategies that fit thecharacteristics of shopping malls by establishing relationships with customers. Such study would contributeto comprehensively investigating influences on behavior of consumer for cosmetics on internet, andestablishing differentiated marketing strategy which should be intensely made in internet shopping mall forcontinuously securing regular customer.

This study evaluated the adequacy of the rubric developed for sixty teachers in order to examine the influence of the performance assessment Rubric in the ‘haircut’ unit of hair cosmetology on the learning motive of cosmetology high school students. Also, the study conducted teaching and assessment with two groups, the experimental group (40 students) who were second-year students in high school and who were assessed with the Rubric and the comparative group (40 students) who were assessed with the seventh curriculum assessment criteria. The findings showed that the developed Rubric proved its adequacy with more than average out of 5 full points and ‘the adequacy of tools’ marked the highest, 4.23. The pretest and posttest of the experimental group showed that the learning motive and its subcategories: concentration, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction increased significantly after the test (p<.001) and the comparative group did not demonstrate any significant difference in learning motive and satisfaction. Comparing variations between pretest and posttest in both groups, the experimental group showed more significant variation in the learning motive than the comparative group did (p<.01, p<.001). Conclusively, the Rubric developed for performance assessment in the haircut unit proved its adequacy through teachers and application of the Rubric in high school hair cosmetology performance assessment had a positive influence on learning motive.

This study is to learn about beauty products, decision type, ad attitudes and purchasing behavior by setting the parameters, the age-related beauty products consumer decision-making type, ad attitude, understand the difference between the buying behavior of beauty products in the future profit-seeking enterprise development and academic resources to provide the necessary information and its purpose. Study, age, type of decisions based beauty product advertising there is a difference in attitudes and purchasing behavior was found to be. The type of decision-making factors carefully in their 20s and 10 units, respectively the most adaptive. Advertising on attitudes favorable factors in the 20s, but also negative cognitive highest. 10, while the cost of buying stimulation appeared to be affected. Behavioral factors in the experience of buying and recommend reasonable cost by buying the 10 highest, while the brand-oriented and economical purchases 20s highest in more than 40 high in economic / advertising-dependent purchase the highest. This beauty product sales strategy, marketing strategy, consumer differently depending on their age indicates that the need to build. If you approach taking into account the age of the consumer, more organized and there will be a breakthrough diet strategy can be. In addition, the development of beauty products to achieve company’s sales growth may hope that helps.

The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of anthocyanin pigments of Aronia. In order to achieve this purpose, anthocyanin concentration was analyzed by measuring absorbency from anthocyanin 520 nm of Aronia and color changes were observed according to changes in temperature and pH through color measurement. Unmordanted Hair dyeing was increased in dye intake (K/S) with increased dyeing temperature (20°C~60°C) and hair color was changed from red to purple. With increased pH, a* value proceeded from +(red) to -(green) or a color meter was reacted to yellow of original bleached hair and In the alkalic status, red brown or red green or a yellow green was shown because of reddish brown deposits and discolored original color of anthocyanin mordant. It brought about poor dye intake and dyeing or mordanting effects were lost. It suggested that anthocyanin mordants were specially sensitive to pH and dye intake was rapidly decreased with increased pH. For hair dyeing, mordanting methods (pre-mordanting, simultaneous mordanting, or post-mordanting) should be selected in consideration of the characteristics of mordants (dye intake, lightless, chroma and color). Based only dye intake (K/S), while pre-mordanting was effective for FeSO4, MnSO4, AlK(SO4)2, CH3COOH, CaCO3, Na2CO3, simultaneous mordanting was effective for CuSO4, Co(NO3)2. Accordingly, it is considered that Aronia is very useful and effective as a natural colorant.

The purpose of this study is to find the levels of self-consciousness, self-monitoring and skincare Attitude, Subjective Norm, skincare Perceived Behavioral Control of woman and to analyze the relationship between the levels of self-consciousness, self-monitoring and skincare Attitude, Subjective Norm, Perceived Behavioral Control in an effort to strengthen external human beauty. The respondents were 538 women about 20-40 age attending in Korea, Chung-Cheong Province. In this study, a questionnaire method was used. The questionnaire consisted of SCS (self-consciousness scale), SMS (self-monitoring scale), and a measurement of the skincare Attitude, Subjective Norm, skincare Perceived Behavioral Control. Factorial analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis were carried out with SPSS 18.0. As a result of positive related to the skincare Attitude, Subjective Norm, skincare Perceived Behavioral Control was found to self-consciousness and self-monitoring. The personal self-consciousness was found that the best important to skincare behavior. Determining the correlations between self-consciousness, self-monitoring and the skincare Attitude, Subjective Norm, skincare Perceived Behavioral Control was useful in understanding the personal peculiarity of the skincare behavior. Moreover, in the cosmetic industry, it is likely meaningful to investigate the capability whether the variables of self-consciousness and self-monitoring can be applied in an effort to understand consumers’ internal character.

Although a number of depigmenting agents have already been developed, the majority of them produce adverse side-effects. There is, therefore, a constant need for melanogenesis inhibitors. In this study, the hydrodistilled essential oil from the apricot seeds (Armeniacae Semen) was investigated for the activity against tyrosinase and melanogenesis. The apricot seed essential oil inhibited mushroom tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 1.11 μg/mL, which is more potent than the activities of kojic acid (IC50 5.07 μg/mL), ascorbic acid (IC50 54.0 μg/mL) and lemon essential oil (IC50 432.8 μg/mL). Benzaldehyde, the major component of the apricot seed essential oil, also showed similar level of inhibition (IC50 0.94 μg/mL). These results suggest that the activity of the apricot seed essential oil is due to benzaldehyde. The apricot seed essential oil decreased tyrosinase activity and melanin content of murine B16F10 melanoma cells in concentration-depentent manners. No cytotoxic effect was seen in B16F10 and human CCD-1064sk skin fibroblast cells treated with up to 100 μg/mL of the apricot seed essential oil. These results indicate that the apricot seed essential oil may have potential for the application in aromatherapy and the development of depigmenting agents.

This experimental study reported the physical characteristics and antibacterial efficiencies of the leaf extract obtained from Artemisia princeps var. orientalis from Kipmo, Gyunggi-do province (Korea). The leaf weight during drying process were experimentally examined. The weight ratio was 23% after 1 day, compared to initial weight. After 6 day, the weight of dried sample was almost constant of 12.5%. The extraction yields of the samples were compared to ethaonl concentrations. The results showed that the yield 2.19% of 50% ethaonl was much higher than those of other concentrations. Color of the ethaonl extracts were also evaluated by L*a*b* values. As increasing of ethaonl concentration, the L* and b* of the sample solution increased and the value of a* decreased. Leaf color changes that occur before and after extraction was also compared. The result showed that the extraction resulted in significantly improved yellowness (increased b*) according to ethaonl concentration. The antibacterial efficiencies of the leaf 50% ethaonl extract obtained from Artemisia princeps var. orientalis was performed to investigated compared to coumarin derivatives. Esculin, one of the glycosidic compound of esculetin in Artemisia princeps var. orientalis was contributed to the role of anti-microbial effect. We investigated the inhibitory effects of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis ethaonl extract, esculin and esculetin on E. coli, S. aures and P. acnes using paper diffusion method. The results showed that the ethaonl extract did not show the inhibition zone. However, esculin showed the antibacterial activities for above three bacterial species. Diameter of zone of inhibition shoed 2 mm, 5 mm, and 4 mm, respectively. These results demonstrated that esculin from Artemisia princeps var. orientalis could be useful as functional ingredient for acne cosmetics.

This study would provide useful information with detailed data which is helping to form personal image in the positive way. The evaluation of personal impression showed more positive in the best hair color application rather than the worst. The method of collecting data was questionnaire with photo stimuli and semantic differential scale. Using convenience sampling, we sampled male and female university students in Chungcheongnam-do and Chungcheongbuk-do from 14th September to 10th October 2013. Experimental stimuli were photos which contained 8 versions of hair color changes with criteria of best-worst match and four seasons. Each seasonal hair type was shown by 80 students and total 320 responses were collected. Excluding incomplete or improper answered questionnaires, 306 cases were used for the final data analysis. The results of study were as follows. The statistical analysis showed significant differences of recognition in the personal impression formation between the worst and the best hair color match. All gender highly evaluated the factors of ‘feminine’, ‘individuality’ and ‘polished beauty’ and ‘strong’, applying the best hair color match. However there were significant differences in each gender in a case of appling the worst hair color. For male, they showed no significant difference in the factor of ‘activity’. However male students expressed negative impression in the factor of ‘complexity’. This negative effect of complexity was caused from the weakening of ‘intelligent’, ‘calm’, distinctive’ and ‘strong’ image elements. For female, statistically significant differences were shown in the factor of ‘feminine’, ‘individuality’, ‘polished beauty’ and ‘activity’ except ‘complexity’.

In this study, we analyzed the anti-fungal activity against Malassezia furfur, anti-oxidative activity and anti-inflammatory activity of Forsythia viridissima extracts. The ethanol extract of F. viridissima was sequentially fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured by Griess reagent assay. Anti-fungal activity was examined by paper disc method. The total phenolic contents and flavonoid contents were determined in all the samples, in the following order: ethyl acetate > butanol > water > n-hexane. The ethyl acetate fraction showed high inhibition activity to DPPH scavenging radical activity at 500 ㎍/㎖ (93%) and more strongly inhibited NO productions compared with other fractions. Ethyl acetate fraction have the highest content of Phenol and flavonoids and the measurement result of ethyl acetate fraction’s Phenol contents is 283.30±0.29 and flavonoids contents is 94.60±0.01. Also, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest anti-fungal activity. According to the results above, it was summarized that the ethyl acetate fraction of F. viridissima have anti-oxidative, anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activity in M. furfur or macrophage. It would be proposed that ethyl acetate fraction of F. viridissima can become a new scalp cosmetic materials.

This study conducted online and offline surveys on favorite point make-up color, favorite point make up technique, and point make up image of 506 women aged 20s through 40s in Korea, Greater China, Japan and Thailand to compare differences among nations. As a result of study, Korea and Japan showed high preference of orange color and Greater China and Thailand preferred neutral tone for eye shadow. For lip make up color, all four nations preferred pink color. For blusher make up color, Korea preferred peach while Greater China, Japan and Thailand preferred pink. In terms of favorite eye make up technique, Korea, Greater China and Japan preferred ‘slanting eye’ technique and Thailand preferred ‘horizontal eye’. Differences were shown between nations as largest number of respondents in Greater China, Japan and Thailand chose the technique ‘to appear as natural’ and respondents in Korea chose the technique ‘to appear as clear’. Favorite point make-up was eye make up for Korea, Greater China and Japan and lip for Thailand. In regards to the effect of point make-up on image, Korea showed highest score of 4.49 points, and satisfaction score of Greater China on how well point make up is expressed as intended image was lowest at 3.28. Accordingly, customer demands can further be satisfied by releasing neutral, orange and purple eye make up products with low chroma and diverse textures and pink, peach and orange blusher and lip products in the Asian market.

Oxidative stress has been implicated in cutaneous damage in various inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis. Flavonoids have increased lately due to their broad pharmacological effect, explained by their inhibition of certain enzymes and their antioxidant activity. Accordingly, to develop oxidant and inflammation care cosmetic ingredients, the extracts Diospyros kaki leaves were selected. In this study, we investigated effect on cell viability and anti-oxidant activity of Diospyros kaki leaves extracts by using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method. The anti-inflammatory activity of Diospyros kaki leaves extracts on nitrite production and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion were tested using nitric oxide (NO) colorimetric assay kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Diospyros kaki leaves extracts showed the high cell viability over 100 % against mouse macrophage RAW 264. 7 cell at concentration of 10, 50, 100 and 500 μg/mL. Those exhibited anti-oxidant activity with dose dependent manner at concentration of 10, 50, 100 and 500 μg/mL. Nitrite production and TNF-α secretion were significantly decreased with dose dependant manner according to increment of treated concentration with Diospyros kaki leaves extracts (10, 50, 100 and 500 μg/mL) (p<.05). These results demonstrate that Diospyros kaki leaves extract possessing anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects may be applicable to heal skin damage.

According to continuous growth of Korean cosmetics industry, there are many cosmetics companies listed on stock exchange in Korea. This study aims to compare and analyze each company’s financial ratios in order to find IPO’s effect on corporate performances. For this analysis, six cosmetics companies are selected in manufacturing/distribution(Able C&C, Coreana Cosmetics), OEM/ODM(Cosmax), raw material(Bioland, ACT) and beauty mask pack(Genic) categories. In financial ratios, individual ratios are considered representing profitability, stability and growth. Those ratios are as follows: Net income to total assets ratio, net income to stockholders’ equity ratio, the ratio of operating profit to the net sales and the ratio of net profit to net sales in profitability. Current ratio, debt ratio and fixed assets ratio in stability. Net sales growth rate, operating profit growth rate and total asset growth rate in growth. The study shows the following results. First, profitability decreased. Companies had much cash through IPO, but it was not connected to improvement of profitability such as efficient investment in plant & equipment. Second, stability appeared clear improvement. Generally fixed assets ratio increases along with intangible asset like R&D investment, but companies showed decreased fixed assets which indicated that they did not utilize cash inflow to long-term investment. Last, growth decreased. It is implied that companies made progresses on IPO when they reached the maximized growth stage in order to get higher company values or there is a chance that marginal growth diminished because they already reached full expansion of companies’ scales just before IPO.

Animal-derived placenta extract (PE) are available commercially and regularly used in various ointments and lotions for the purpose of improving skin properties. Although the effects of PE have been largely studied, only a few scientific studies report the skin safety evaluations of PE derived from animals such as pig. The objective of this study was to evaluated the anti-aging potential and safety of collagen in subcritical extract of porcine homogenate of placenta (SPE) for nutricosmetic and cosmeceutical ingredients. The experimental animals were divided into 6 groups, and were treated for 12 wks: positive control group (PO) treated with no-ultra violet (UV)B, negative control group (NO) treated with only UVB, experimental group 1 (OSPE-1) low dosage oral application treated with SPE, experimental group 2 (OSPE-2) high dosage oral application treated with SPE, experimental group 3 (OSPE-1+FSPE-1) low dosage oral and topical application treated with SPE, and experimental group 4 (OSPE-2+FSPE-2) high dosage oral and topical application treated with SPE. The serum biochemical markers for liver, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also not affected by the application of SPE at any groups. But OSPE-2+FSPE-2 had significant (p<.05) decreased in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level compared than NO. The skin safety was performed to evaluate of potential toxicity using the primary irritation test and skin sensitization test. The SPE did not show any adverse reactions such as erythema and edema on intact skin sites at primary irritation test, but on abraded sites, some experimental animals showed very slight erythema. So, the SPE was classified as a practically non-irritating material based on the score 0.48 of primary irritation index. The skin sensitization study was tested by the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) and Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) with intradermal injection of SPE. The skin sensitization test showed no skin sensitization. Based on this study, the potential for SPE a nutricosmetic and cosmeceutical ingredients were proven.

This research is to find out the preference on the general public on the makeup tools by using hand, latex puff, brush and vibrating foundation. Research focused on the after effects of the skin and duration of the various tools with professional’s evaluation and found out the public’s degree of satisfaction between the different tools. Positive results showed in 124 ladies aged between 20-40 when using tools rather than hand. After applying base makeup on 5 people aged in 40’s, face experts came out with a conclusion by experimenting skin reactions over instant, 1 hour, and 3 hours time period. The results showed that the 71% of 124 women started using of the base make up since 20 years and after using the base makeup, 88.7% women were satisfied in their face image and 62.1% women said that the awareness of the tools used in latex puff. After applying makeup base, latex puffs were represented as good tools in the objective evaluation according to spreadability, adhesion, skin tone correction, coloring and pores coverage etc. and the vibration foundations were expressed badly (p<.05, p<.01). Satisfaction of usage tools by the experimenter and satisfaction of skin express by the 5 women were evaluated latex puff, brush, hand, vibration foundation (p<.01). Therefore usage of latex puff is the most ideal choice in makeup compared to other general instruments. We hope that the contribution of this study should be the basic reference of tool manufacture for base makeup.

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of cosmetics manufactured with retinol, hyaluronic acid and defined cell culture media 4 (DCCM4) on facial skin care. All testing cosmetics were raised to hyaluronic acid, β-glucan, by 0.2% in the same addition. Also we prepared three kinds of testing cosmetics. Distilled water was used as solvent of ingredients in hyaluronic acid testing cosmetics, retinyl palmitate were added to hyaluronic acid testing cosmetics to 10,000 IU/g for retinol testing cosmetics, and DCCM4 was used as solvent of ingredient in DCCM4 testing cosmetics. To achieve evaluation of efficacy, 30% glycolic acid peeling was applied to facial skin of 32 study participants once a week during 4 weeks. By home care, the skin conditions were measured for the analysis of wrinkle, pigmentation, moisture and skin tone before and after treatment after applying it 84 times twice a day for 6 weeks. In the change of facial skin between 32 study participants, the moisture increased, but no significant difference among study group. For the wrinkle, DCCM4 was in great decrease below and around their eyes, which there was a significant difference (p<.01). For the pigmentation by polarized light, DCCM4 was in great decrease on their nose and cheeks, below and around their eyes, which there was a significant difference (p<.05, p<.01, and p<.001). For the pigmentation by ultraviolet light, DCCM4 was in great decrease on their forehead and cheeks, below and around their eyes, which there was a significant difference (p<.05, p<.01, and p<.001). For the skin tone, DCCM4 was in great increase on their forehead, nose and cheeks, below their eyes more than retinol and HA, which there was a significant difference (p<.01). As a consequence, cosmetics manufactured with DCCM4 can be used for improving skin aging, and it is expected to carry out more systematic and effective studies in the future.