Earticle

In recent years, the interest in herbal medicinal products, especially in the field of dermatology and cosmetics, has risen enormously. Among the many kinds of plants, buckwheat is an alternative crop belonging to the Polygonaceae family. Two species of buckwheat are the main ones cultivated world-wide, namely, Fagopyrum esculentum Moehch and Fagopyrum Tartaricum Gaerth. The former is known as 'common buckwheat' and the latter as 'tartary buckwheat'. F. esculentum is the main from cultivated in Korea. Buckwheat's major health-promoting roles are anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive effects that originated mostly from the actions of flavonoids. Flavonoids are plant phytochemicals that cannot be synthesized by human. Abrupt increases in these flavonoids in buckwheat seeds occur during germination. In this report we studied the differences between common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat and also, between buckwheat seed and buckwheat germinated. In addition, we confirmed various bioactivities of buckwheat germinated which would be contributed to develop new functional cosmetics. From the above results, we suggest buckwheat germinaged has a sufficient potentiality to be utilized as cosmetics natural materials and we will carry out to make some specific cosmetics and to test their effectiveness in the near future.

The purpose of this research was to investigate cosmetic attitude for women's make-up, relationship among personality characteristics and the degree of make-up. For this aims, one hundred thirty nine female were answered the questionnaire about a time that take for make-up and feel about women's make-up, image that desire to express in make-up, the degree of make-up. The personality characteristics on the degree of make-up were narcissistic personality and self-esteem, subjective well-being. Narcissistic Personality Inventory(NPI) for narcissism contains 1) exploitiveness & entitle, E/E, 2) leadership & authority, L/A, 3) superiority & arrogance, S/A, 4) self absorption & self admiration, S/S. The results were as followed; S/A and S/S were significantly related to degree of make-up. E/E and L/A were not significantly related to degree of make-up. Self esteem and subjective well-being were not significantly related to degree of make-up. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between the personality characteristics and degree of make-up. Results indicated that S/A was found to have significant relationships with degree of make-up. Superiority & arrogance of narcissistic personality characteristics had the strongest impact on degree of make-up. That is to say, the woman who is more narcissistic would have more self aspects in roles, traits, physical features is more higher degree of make-up. And there was no difference in the degree of make-up by self-esteem, subjective well-being.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of essential oil on decrease in fat mass in women with abdominal obesity. To achieve this goal, women with abdominal obesity who were considered kapha according to personal characters of Ayurveda Tridosha were selected and given essential oil massage suitable their physical constitute. Subjects of this study were 30 married women in her thirties under the stress of abdominal obesity, who had an elementary schooler and experienced an abdominal obesity test. They were divided into a kapha type group and non-kapha type group(10 respectively) using a questionnaire based on Ayurveda and the pulse. These groups were measured in waist, percent body fat, and WHR and their initiative testing points were recorded. Then 5mm of oil with only kapha blended was given to all subjects before massage. Massage was expected to perform at 09:00-10:00. Massage was given to both groups softly in the morning once. Subjects were asked to do the same massage alone after 10:00 at night and during weekend. A total of twice massage a day was conducted for 8 weeks. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Aroma therapy had an effects on decrease in women's abdominal obesity without conducting other special therapies simultaneously. 2. Kapha-type subjects according to the classification of Ayurveda Tridosha had a more effect when kapha oil was used. 3. Aroma therapy was less effective in abdominal obesity when not considering physical constitute than considering. To sum up, subjects using constitute-customized aroma therapy were more effective in decrease in weight, waist, and fat mass and felt more comfortable and satisfactory, compared to ones not using Aroma used without considering physical constitute caused inconvenience(allergy, constipation, and being sleepy than as usual) in some cases. Accordingly, if customized aroma therapy which is selected according to individual physical constitute, exercise therapy, and diet are combined in balance, it will greatly contribute to the development of more scientific and systematic weigt control programs.

Recently, the increase in the number of people who are becoming obese in the general population arouses great interest in weight management among the public in general. As weight management draws great attention and effort from the general public, this study has attempted to examine dietary methods, ensuing similarities to stress and relations with a sense of self respect. At beauty salons, and fomentation houses in Gwangju, a questionnaire was conducted amongst 600 women interested in dietary therapy, 486 of whom were finally selected, excluding unsuitable respondents. The general feature was that as age increased, one got less satisfied with oneself, which caused a sense of defeat or self‐shame. Educational background showed that those with college or higher opportunities felt a high sense of satisfaction on the one hand, and a great sense of defeat on the other. The following are results of analysis by factors related to stress : 1. Many respondents wanted to reduce their weight more, though having normal weight. 2. A majority of respondents experienced participating in a diet, which was due to appearance, and many respondents felt physical or mental stress by obesity. 3. By far more respondents hardly drank and smoked than those who did in consideration of various aspects, including psychology and stress. 4. For a meal, eating all thee meals was found to alleviate physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms, suggesting that irregular lifestyle is associated with stress. 5. For self-condition, as the subjects felt unhealthy, physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms increased compared with those feeling healthy. 6. For the correlation between intake of instant food and sweets and stress, 'Very often' and 'Never' showed higher stress value. 7. For the correlation with shame, all groups showing physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms were the highest in responding 'Always'. It may be a good example which suggests the close correlation between stress and shame. Increasingly, the social symptom is deepening that women with diet related problems are most exposed to psychological and behavioral stress, while they feel satisfied with themselves in that they are always on a diet. Now, it is necessary to intervene in their problems, proposing the diet specific to each of them so that they can escape from psychological stress, and to make a more detailed study of this problem.

This research has done to study plans to create high grade and specialized skin care shops by grasping the reality of customer's utilization of skin care shops and surveying customer satisfaction and the matters of improvement. This survey has done to the women who visit skin care shops in the present time and the ranges of ages are between 20th to 40th, and this survey is about skin type and care, the realities of skin care, skin care shop satisfaction, the matters of improvement of skin care shops. The result of the research is as the following. According to the result of the knowledge about skin, customers are generally satisfied with the skin care that have done for them, and they visit the skin care shops for healthy looking skin and for the improvement of their skin condition. The general skin massage was preferred the most among any age groups. The customers had their face skin care the most, and they have variety of skin care as they are getting older. This shows the increasing interests and cares about their body shape which is changing after their marriage and childbirth, and shows the importance of professional management system and the professional skin therapists by the demand of the established customers. Also, appropriate massages and usage of machinery should be done, and the skin therapists should grasp the ages and skin types through conducting professional consultation with their customers since skin massage is not enough to improve skin condition and satisfaction for aging skin. According to the result of grasping the reality of the skin care shops, the reasonable skin care cost was the most important issue among the elderly people, and the skills of the skin therapists were also one of the main issue. As the level of education gets higher, customers thought that the skills of the skin therapists as well as cost affect their choice of skin care shops. The customer satisfaction was higher when they thought that professional consultation has done for them. It shows that the ability (knowledge, skill) of skin therapists affects the choice of the skin care shop, and customers think that the improvement of skin condition depends on the ability of the skin therapists. Also, high-income customers are more interested in healthy looking skin and continuously invest for their skin care. The younger and high-income customers showed high satisfaction on the effect of products. It is related to the result that the improvement is more visible among the younger people, and the high-income customers spend more money on special care products, which result in the improvement of skin condition. In the research on the satisfaction of the specificity of the skin therapists, the specificity of the skin therapists needs to be improved the most, and massage skill was the next. The role of skin care shops is required to meet various needs from customers and serve as professional shops which have differentiation from other shops in the future, and it is required to train professional skin care therapists who are totally separated from cosmetologists since level of the skills and knowledge of the skin care therapists affect the customer's choice of shops. Through this research, high quality of skin care service needs to be conducted, and education and training of skin therapists who have competent skills and specificity is required.

The purpose of this study is to compare the cosmetologist licensure system of Korea and that of U.S. Licensure refers to work in a particular profession or to obtain a privilege. Many privileges and professions require a license from the government in order to ensure that the public will not be harmed by the incompetence of the practitioners. All States require cosmetologist and other personal appearance workers to be licensed. Qualifications for a license vary by State, but generally a person must have a high school diploma or GED, be at least 16 years old, and have graduated from a State-licensed cosmetology school. The cosmetologist licensure system in all states of America differ from that of Korea significantly, and therefore, we need to refer to their system. First, only those who finished 1,000-2,100 hours or 2 years of training are qualified to apply for the license test. Second, besides cosmetologist license, there are esthetician and manicurist licenses as specialty branches. Some states have hair stylist's license. Third, cosmetology school curriculum includes safety and health, and business practice. On the other hand, cosmetologist licensure system is not stable yet. Therefore, we should continue to study other countries' well established systems.

We carried a clinical observatory study to identify the influence of massage techniques on facial moisture content, percutaneous moisture loss and skin elasticity. Method : We selected two middle-aged women in initial period of epilation and two ones with good scalp conditions and provided regular Swedish massages and scalp massages including faces, necks, and decolite for eight weeks from October 11. 2007 to December 4, 2007 for the subjects A1 and A2. For the subjects of B1 and B2, we massaged their faces, necks and even decolites using Swedish massage technique once a week.. In the process of scalp massage, we used bamboo fine poles we designed for this study. To measure the skin conditions, we used Corneometer CM 825 for moisture content, Tewameter TM 210 for percutaneous moisture loss and Cutometer MPA 580 for Ur/Uf of skin. Results : The moisture contents in a stratum corneum somewhat differed according to facial areas, but after the skin care for eight weeks, the subjects showed relatively stable moisture conditions. However, for the subjects with sensitive skin who had only Swedish massages, as the moisture content on the forehead and chin areas did not reach the normal range of 50~59AU, facial skin moisture content after eight weeks did not improve significantly. The percutaneous moisture loss (TEWL) showed opposite results to the moisture content of a stratum corneum and though there was some difference according to facial areas, when both Swedish massages and scalp reflection therapy were applied simultaneously, TEWL on the forehead, eyes, cheeks, and chins were stable and lower. The subjects who had only Swedish massages showed some decrease in moisture loss, but the moisture content in stratum corneum did not reach normal range. Skin elasticity (Ur/Uf) conditions were different according to facial areas, but after the weeks, their Ur/Uf tended to increase and in comparison with the case when Swedish massages alone, when both the massages were provided simultaneously, elasticity at facial areas was relatively outstanding. Based on the results, it is suggested that the subjects who had simultaneous treatment showed greatly improved facial conditions.

This study aims to examine the difference in the effectiveness of skin care treatment targeting to 20 to 30 years old ladies with excessive dry skin type women. Skin care treatment with a natural cosmetic essence, an natural extract, Phragmitis Rhizoma Essence used for this study and natural cosmetic essence with Broussonetia Kazinoki, Glycyrrhizae used as the control group. For this study, 325 questionnaires to the general public are analyzed and among total 57 participants of this experiment, 17 participants applied Phragmitis Rhizoma Essence skin care, 20 participants applied Broussonetia Kazinoki Essence skin care, last 20 participants applied Glycyrrhizae Essence skin care. The customer satisfaction are researched after all the experiments done. Based on this survey, data was collected through SPSS(Statical Package for the Social Science) 13.0. These followings are the results of analysis. First, 33.5 percent of 325 general public and participants of this experiment answered that they prefer to have skin care with cosmetics mainly contained natural ingredients. 65.8 percent of the people responded that they do not have any skin care experience with natural ingredients' cosmetics, those who have the experience are only 34.2 percent. Furthermore, the question for the customer satisfaction about skin care with natural cosmetics shows the satisfied functions as following order; whitening 16 percent, moisture 12.3 percent, wrinkle care 2.2 percent, skin vitality 1.8 percent. The result of customer satisfaction about skin care with natural cosmetics shows that 52 percents of participants felt "fair", 12 percent "good enough", 5.2 percent "excellent" and 0.6 percent of participants answered "poor". 52 percent of participants choose the closest skin care shops from their home, and the research shows that 29.5 percent of customers choose "professional skin care shop", 7.1 percent hospitals and clinics, 5.8 percent go for service in schools or offices and 4.0 percent choose a spa. Secondly, the study provided a clear message that the whiting skin care with Phragmitis Rhizoma Essence(3.65) has a remarkable result in the difference both the easement of pigmentation and customer satisfaction as well as the effect on the betterment in skin moisture, texture, rough. When the group of Broussonetia Kazinoki Essence(3.00) and the group of Glycyrrhizae Essence is 3.05, the group of Phragmitis Rhizoma Essence shows 3.65. In addition, the questions for the effectiveness and customer satisfaction, the study also shows statistically a remarkable result of the group with Phragmitis Rhizoma Essence(4.12, 4.24) while the group of Broussonetia Kazinoki Essence shows 2.95, 3.35 and the group of Glycyrrhizae Essence answers 3.15, 3.35. Moreover, the group of Phragmitis Rhizoma Essence received a statistically remarkable response, 2.29, 4.18 from questions for a mind for recommendation and credibility whereas the group of Broussonetia Kazinoki Essence shows 1.90, 3.20 and the group of Glycyrrhizae Essence answers 1.70, 3.15. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the betterment in skin moisture, texture, rough as well as the easement of pigmentation by taking care of skin care with natural cosmetics as main ingredients, essences of Phragmitis Rhizoma Essence, Broussonetia Kazinoki Essence, Glycyrrhizae Essence in the skin care shop. The degree of moisture and oil for the 57 total participants of this experiment, 17 with Phragmitis Rhizoma, 20 with Broussonetia Kazinoki, last 20 with Glycyrrhizae, has been much improved. The effectiveness of developing skin texture has remarkably improved especially to the group of participants with Phragmitis Rhizoma Essence as compared to the control groups. As the study provided clear evidence that skin care with natural cosmetics especially with Phragmitis Rhizoma has a superior effect on whitening and moisture for skin. Thus, active research and program developments for skin care with natural cosmetics should be conducted more positively.