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Recently, as peoples’ interests in Well-being grow, their interests in developing natural, functional cosmetic ingredients are also increasing. The research of Brown Seaweeds; an abundant resource around the world, is actively in progress. Fucoidan; which is contained in Brown Seaweeds, is a Polysaccharide containing Sulfates. Fucoidan is found to have similar properties with Heparin; which is also in blood, but has a larger amount of Sulfates in comparison and is therefore proven to be more effective. The research on the effects of Fucoidan for anti-inflammation, anti-tumors, antivirus, etc. is progressively moving forward. While the research regarding the functionality of Fucoidan in pharmaceuticals and foods is complete, the development of cosmetics using these ingredients is still premature. In this thesis, the research that has been done on the effects of Fucoidan towards hydration, whitening and antioxidants has been reviewed. Also, the prospect of Fucoidan as a functional ingredient in cosmetics has been looked into. However, because the large molecular weight of Fucoidan prevents it from being absorbed properly into the body and the technique to remove the distinct scent of the seaweed has yet to be completed, the value of Fucoidan has not been used to its fullest potential. Therefore, aggressive research in these areas is necessary.

Study of natural ingredients that have whitening effects are conducted all around the world, and they brought many research achievements. Among the herbal ingredients, this study classified herbal whitening ingredients into 3 categories, announced functional whitening ingredients, non-announced individual certificate functional whitening ingredients and ingredients with whitening effect without functional approval in order to see the skin whitening effect of herbal ingredients based on mechanism for melanin biosynthesis route. Studies regarding whitening effects have been mainly about trosinase inhibiting activation examination, but recently research methods to prove whitening effect through multilateral exam methods such as tyrosinase gene occurring inhibition, tyrosinase protein production inhibition, tyrosinase degradation promoting, tyrosinase giycosylation hindrance and control of secretion with keratogenesis cell of melanin granulation are being applied. Through this study method, whitening effect that disturbs pigment production during the certain step or various steps became more accurate and clearer, and in a situation that local cosmetics’ ingredients are depending on imported ingredients, multifaceted research regarding whitening ingredients development of herbal ingredients will have significant technical and economic impacts of cosmetics development.

This study discussed the effect of cryotherapy and massage on lower body care to examine how they reduce the lower body sizes. The subjects were 20 women in their 20s and divided into the massage group and the massage and cryotherapy group for comparison. The therapy was performed twice a week for 4 weeks for a total of 8 sessions from May 22, 2012 yr through June 16, 2013 and the subjects’ weight, body fat, size of thighs, size of calves, size of ankles, and size of instep were measured. As a result, the massage group showed improvement in thighs, calves, ankles, and instep according to the period of study, while the massage and cryotherapy group showed improvement calves, ankles, and instep. The two groups did not show any significant difference, but it was concluded that combining the massage with cryotherapy is size of thighs more effective than performing the massage alone. According to this conclusion, the author intends to apply this result to healthy program in this thesis.

This study observed the effects of Ephedra sinica (E. sinica) ethanol extract in SK-MEL-2 cells on tyrosinase activity and melanin generation to identify its whitening activity and searched for changes in the protein expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 which are involved in melanin synthesis. Also, α-MSH, a melanin-stimulating enzyme was applied to skin to induce hyperpigmentation and to identify the skin whitening effect. The following results were obtained. As a result of measuring its tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro, it showed good inhibitory rates depending on concentration. When its effect on tyrosinase activity and melanin generation in SK-MEL-2 cell was analysed, tyrosinase activity decreased at a concentration of 50 ㎍/mL and with arbutin at 82.2%, and tyrosinase activity decreased 70.4% in E. sinica ethanol extract. As a result of measuring melanin generation, arbutin was inhibited 83.6% in 50 ㎍/mL , and 64% of E. sinica ethanol extract inhibited melanin. In investigating the effect of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 on protein expression in hyperpigmentation by α-MSH using western blot, E. sinica ethanol extract made the expression of tyrosinase and TRP2 decrease more significantly than arbutin. Therefore, E. sinica ethanol extract showed good effects in inhibiting tyrosinase activity and melanin generation in SK-MEL-2 cells, and inhibited melanin synthesis through inhibition of gene expression. Also, it effectively decreased the generation of tyrosinase and melanin increased by α-MSH. Based on the results above, it is suggested that E. sinica can be developed as a natural skin care material for use in whitening.

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation accelerates skin aging by inducing direct DNA damage and indirect intracellular damage, which induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). In this study, we demonstrated that pretreatment with the hexane extract of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae protects UVB-mediated cell damages in NHDFs. Firstly, we compared the cytotoxicity effect of four extracts (ethanol, hexane, ethyl acetate and distilled water) of Chlorella vulgaris on NHDFs, and found that the four extracts had a little cytotoxicity at 1-20 μg/ml. Additional biochemical assay showed that UVB-induced cytotoxicity was significantly reduced in NHDFs posttreated with only hexane extract of Chlorella vulgaris. Furthermore, to increase the UVB-protection effect of the extract, we changed the concentration and treatment time, and found that 48 h of posttreatment with hexane extract (20 μg/ml) of Chlorella vulgaris significantly increased the cell viability by 34.01±5.86% compared with the viability of UVB-irradiated NHDFs. In addition, we found that the hexane extract of Chlorella vulgaris promoted the DNA repair properties in NHDFs, as revealed by luciferase-based DNA repairing assay. Overall, our results indicate that hexane extract of Chlorella vulgaris is implicated as a potential chemopreventive agent through UVB protection effect on NHDFs.

This study attempted to investigate job stress in the skin care field in an in-depth, comprehensive manner through inductive content analysis, using an open-ended survey questionnaire. Data were collected through an open-ended survey questionnaire comprised of questions given the respondents to freely describe more than five stress factors at work. After applying questions relating to duration and type of employment, this study aimed to determine the specific job stressors for employees in the skin care services industry. The open-ended survey questionnaire consisted of theme, general field and raw data, depending on the content analysis process. Five experts in the field (2 Ph.D. degree holders who had experience of inductive content analysis before and 3 skin experts) analyzed the content and found the following: First, in terms of types of job stress, a total of nine general factors were found: work environment, adequate pay (wage), welfare benefits, pressure in sales, emotional labor, stereotypes regarding the work, social stigma regarding the work, job satisfaction & pride, sexual harassment and conflict with other employees. In addition, 18 sub-factors and 774 raw materials were found. Second, in terms of job stress factors by duration and type of employment, ‘emotional labor’ and ‘sexual harassment’ were very high. In a group of more than five (5) employees, ‘conflict with other employees’ was high. In a group of four (4) employees or less, on the contrary, social stigma regarding the work’ had a high number of responses.

The purpose of this study was to investigate antioxidant effects and evaluate function of Gynura procumbens extract. 95% of ethanol and water at 70℃ were used as solvents for extraction of functional compounds from Gynura procumbens leaf and stem. Total polyphenol came out to be 3575.2 ㎎/ℓ for leaf-E, 222.5 ㎎/ℓ for leaf-W and 2110.2 ㎎/ℓ for stem-E. The amounts of flavonoid were appeared to be 830.6 ㎎/ℓ for leaf-E and 97.2 ㎎/ℓ for stem-W. DPPH scavenging activity was shown as 42.17% for leaf-E, 15.43% for leaf-W, 39.14% for stem-E and 12.33% for stem-W. Tyrosinase inhibition rate was the highest at 45.3% for leaf-E and inhibition rate of stem-W was 39.4%. These results explained that functional compounds were included more in the ethanol-leaf extract than in water-stem extract. However, stem of Gynura procumbens, which was abandoned will be contributed to utilize natural resources. Oligosaccharide content was 159.3 ㎎/ℓ for leaf-E and 53.1 ㎎/ℓ for leaf-W. Leaf extract was shown as quercetin for 47.2 ㎎/ℓ±6.8, 350.89±7.59 ㎍/g for α-tocopherol, 643.93±60.12 ㎍/g for δ-tocotrienol, 276.98±25.58 ㎍/g for β-carotene and 45.9±9.1% for xanthine oxidase inhibition activity. In conclusion, It may be inferred that Gynura procumbens includes many kinds of functional compounds. Additionally, consistent study of Gynura procumbens will allow people to utilize it in various ways as the collaboration material of cosmetics and functional food.

The purpose of this study is of to predict the skincare behavior by applying to the skincare behavior the theory of planned behavior, the theory providing the systematic structure for identifying influencers on the human behavior, and making a concrete analysis of influencers on the skincare behavior. The data collected were analyzed with the use of the SPSS 18.0 program and the AMOS 19.0 program. The results were as follows: It was found that skincare knowledge and skincare experience of the factors judged to have an effect on the skincare behavior had a moderating effect in each path. An attempt was made to divide the level of skincare knowledge into the low level and the high level and compare their influence between both groups. As a result, it was found that skincare knowledge had a moderating effect in the relationship of skincare internal control skincare behavioral intentions and external control skincare behavioral intentions. An attempt was made to divide skincare experience into its presence and its absence and compare their influence between both groups. As a result, it was found that skincare experience had a moderating effect in the relationship of skincare internal control skincare behavioral intentions and external control skincare behavioral intentions.

Women in contemporary society are eager to get better reputation from themselves and other people through their beautiful image. Being caused by their desire, the various ways of image making have been developed. The Technique of make up has been typically situated for building good feeling image. They utilize the makeup for being beautiful. This tool is recognized not only as exterior expression but also as psychological satisfaction. But the wrong recognition of makeup is likely to result in the directly opposed effect. In this study, we compare and analyze the groups of Beauty maior and Non-Beauty major University Students. We arrive at significant output in the makeup recognition, process of acquiring information, reaction to media, favored make up style, makeup material, color favorite and etc. We propose the model of applying technique and material for building good feeling image to demonstrate the makeup in the future. We hope that the contribution of this study should be the basic reference of beauty industry trend and image making.

This study aimed to understand how a shampoo and a mist personally designed by the study would affect the conditions of the seborrheic oily scalp. In order to observe any positive change in the scalp, the study measured both the conditions and the oil-moisture level of the scalp. The study expected that the participants in the clinical test will help it to know how the shampoo and the mist would improve the conditions of the scalps, which was, in other words, the benefits of the two scalp improvement agents. Regarding the research methods, the study applied the scalp improvement shampoo and Q31 (a mist for the oily scalp) that the study had personally created to these five research participants who have been suffering from the oily scalp. In terms of the measuring process, using Digital Scope, the study looked into how the scalp had improved and in order to measure the rate of change in terms of the oil-moisture level, the study used on COSMOMED (Germany), Sebumeter. According to the findings from the investigation, the amount of moisture improved while the oiliness significantly decreased. The study also learned that how efficiently the scalp had been exfoliated. In addition, it appeared that the scalp improvement agents remove impurities around the pores. In the light of what has been learned so far, the study confirmed that both the shampoo and the mist for the oil scalp invented by the study make positive changes in the conditions of the scalp.

In this study we investigated antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of A. hookeri root extract and its fractions. Ethanol extract and n-hexane (HE) and methylene chloride (MC) fractions showed antimicrobial effect against microbes causing skin troubles such as pimple, atopic dermatitis and dandruff. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of HE fraction against Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), Malassezia furfur (M. furfur), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were 2.5 mg/mL, 0.6 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL respectively. MIC of MC fraction against P. acnes, S. aureus and M. furfur were 3.0 mg/mL, 0.7 mg/mL and 0.3 mg/mL respectively. In addition, they showed antioxidant effect in DPPH assay. The half maximum scavenging concentrations (SC50) of ethanol extract and MC and EA fraction were 4.5 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL and 0.15 mg/mL respectively. These results suggest that A. hookeri root extract and its fractions be a new functional cosmetic ingredient with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) is widely cultivated in Asian countries such as Korea, China, and Japan. Although its various beneficial functions have been well-documented, its anti-obese effect is relatively unknown. Here, we prepared kaki-tannins from unripe astringent Daebong persimmon (DU), red-ripe non-astringent Daebong persimmon (DR), unripe astringent Cheongdo flat shaped persimmon (CU), red-ripe non-astringent Cheongdo flat shaped persimmon (CR), and unripe non-astringent Fuyu persimmon (FU). Cytotoxicity of the kaki-tannins were evaluated by MTT assay in 3T3-L1 cells. The treatment up to 100 μg/mL of all kaki-tannins for 24 h did not affect to the 3T3-L1 cell viability. Thus, the concentration up to 100 μg/mL of the kaki-tannins were chosen for subsequent experiments. The treatment with 100 μg/mL of kaki-tannins prepared from DR and CU significantly inhibited lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In line with this result, the decreased number and size of intracellular lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with DR and CU kaki-tannins were observed. The 3T3-L1 cells treated with DR and CU kaki-tannins showed down-regulated mRNA expression levels of C/EBPα and FAS as judged by RT-PCR. Our study also revealed that DR and CU kaki-tannins-inhibited adipogenesis are strongly limited in the early stage of 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. These evidences suggest that kaki-tannin has the potential as anti-obese natural materials, and different function and role of kaki-tannins in anti-adipogenic activities may be mediated to persimmon types and maturation stage.

Vernix caseosa is the creamy white skin surface biofilm which covers the skin of the fetus and the newborn. A recent human clinical study demonstrated that vernix caseosa has skin moisturizing and skin barrier enhancing properties. The aim of this study was to develop vernix caseosa analogues mimicking the unique structure and properties of natural vernix caseosa. The vernix caseosa mimetic formulations were prepared using high internal phase water-in-oil emulsion with skin barrier lipids, skin surface (sebaceous) lipids, co-surfactants and emulsion stabilizers. Stability studies of these vernix caseosa mimetics were carried out at different storage conditions for 28days. Subsequently, we have investigated whether topical application of vernix caseosa mimetic (VCM Ⅷ) improve the water content of the skin surface and accelerate the recovery of the skin barrier. Our results showed that VCM Ⅷ improved the skin moisturization compared with W/O cream and O/W DMS cream. Moreover, Observation at five minutes after application of the test materials (vaseline, DMS cream and VCM Ⅷ) showed that the baseline water content of DMS cream and VCM Ⅷ were better than with control normal skin. After applying drops of water on the testing areas and wiping them off, DMS cream obtained the highest hygroscopicity (69.77), followed by VCM Ⅷ (68.17). But VCM Ⅷ showed high stability according to the water-holding capacity patterns observed after 10 minutes. Finally, VCM Ⅷ showed a significant improvement of barrier recovery (58.3%) after 3 days compared with vaseline (50.4%) and physiological lipid mixture (37.2%). The rate of barrier recovery was also greater for the VCM Ⅷ (101.8%) than skin barrier lipid mixture (76.3%) and vaseline (90.6%) on day 7. These studies show that vernix caseosa analogue can both accelerate skin barrier recovery and enhance stratum corneum moisturization.

In this study the requirements and satisfaction of our customers fully understand the needs of customers wishing to service the specific services that can be achieved by presenting the direction of the management of a successful nail salon to help, the following results were obtained. First, the general characteristics of those surveyed, while the women are the most stable social life, as a means of self-development time to pursue outward beauty that can be seen. First, the general characteristics of surveyed women in the social life of the most reliable means of self-development time to pursue outward beauty that can be seen. Second, the nail salon nail salon service satisfaction by factors revisit the doctor look at the doctor showed higher gender, age, and occupation were significantly different (p<.05). Second, the nail salon nail salon service satisfaction by factors revisit the doctor look at the doctor showed higher gender, age, and occupation were significantly different (p<.05). Factors that contribute to re-visit the nail salon to show the human factor is the most significant shone gender, age, occupation, showed significant differences in average income (p<.05). Nail salon nail salon services are available to customers for the functional factors showed higher satisfaction. Human factors indicate satisfaction took out in the high education and job satisfaction were significantly different (p<.05). Nail salon nail salon services, customers can conveniently use a high factor in education and job satisfaction showed significant difference (p<.05). Facilities showed high satisfaction factor in education and significant difference in average income (p<.05) satisfaction about the main facility factors were higher average education and income were significantly different (p<.05). When you view the results of this study using a nail salon clients nail care services is a growing need for high quality service diversification can be seen that the high-end. In addition, the surgeon thought was best in hospitality technology and, unlike the old shop customers can use the convenience of a selection, shop interiors, from the atmosphere and for all factors carefully so ttajyeobogo to meet customers’ service needs four days shop for impressive in customer satisfaction and quality management services will be provided.

The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of customer’s purchasing attitude for cosmetics by characteristic of SNS on related information and purchase satisfaction. This study classifies the characteristics of SNS into four: connectivity, accessibility, utility, and reliability. Thus, this study investigate the influence of factors perceived from the characteristics of SNS on purchasing attitude, cosmetic information, and purchase satisfaction. For this study, the date used to analyze demographical characteristics and frequency for SNS use pattern, main causes and reliability to verify the validity of subcategories for SNS’s characteristics, and regression to investigate the hypothesis with SPSS 21.0 program. The results of the survey are summarized below: There is a significant influence for cosmetic purchasing attitude by connectivity, accessibility, utility, and reliability; the purchasing attitude by the characteristics of SNS is influential in both purchase information and purchase satisfaction. Also, the purchase information is analyzed to be significantly influential in purchase satisfaction. Based on these results, companies should firstly understand the expectation and cognition of customers purchasing cosmetics and use SNS as a strategic implement; in sequence, they should provide information and trend about cosmetics and other useful contents for customers, and develop a marketing strategy to induce customer’s participation. This study is expected to help companies to establish the foundation for applying SNS to control customers for cosmetics and create profits.

This research covers skin care education program in boys high school that is practical under current school system. First, students from commercial high school compared with academic high school were found with higher smoking and drinking ratio which are main causes for defecting skin health. Second, students from commercial high school compared with academic high school were found with more stress regards their appearance and skin health and students from both school had more stress regards their skin health rather than their appearance. Third, students from academic high school compared with commercial high school had more knowledge regards skin care and students from both school had little knowledge about method for washing their face. Fourth, this study showed that the levels of action for their skin care are higher in academic high school than commercial high school. Washing their face with little knowledge was the highest action for the skin care in both schools. Fifth, students received information regards skin care from their family, friends, acquaintance and media. There were more students who have not taken education program than who did and students that participated had more knowledge regards skin care. Also the most necessary skin care education program for boy’s in high school was regards method for washing their face. Sixth, specific skin care education program was planned regards method for washing face, based on certified skin care programs from experiments based on female students and professional advises. Each student should be given knowledge regards skin care method that is appropriate for each individual based on National Health Curriculum in school. Such education should be given continuously with actual actions. Skin care education program regards method for washing face should first be implemented in commercial high schools for boys.

Abstract abstract: This study was conducted to prepare the fundamental data on back massage and to evaluate the effects of stress relief by back massage therapy in female telemarketers who were typical emotional workers. The author measured the level of heart rate variability (HRV), the salivary cortisol, and the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) by pre and post back massage therapy in 74 female employees at a call center located in Busan of Korea from May 1st to July 31st 2010, The subjects were divided into two groups according to the massage type, i.e., Swedish massage and Thai massage. The collected data were analysed with SPSS (version 18.0) statistical package program. The mean level of HRV, TP, LF, HF, LF/HF ratio, RMS-SD, and M-HRT were statistically significant difference by pre and post back massage therapy. The salivary cortisol level was significantly increased from 0.13 for pre back massage therapy to 0.8 for post back massage therapy, the level of anxiety (40.6–30.0) and STAI (44.0–36.3) were significantly decreased. The level of STAI in Swedish massage therapy (-14.5) was more decreased than Thai massage therapy (-8.0). As above results, the author consider that the back massage will be effects of stress relief by back massage therapy in female telemarketers who were typical emotional workers. And the author consider that it needs the further study on back massage therapy in another type of job condition among telemarketers in order to their health promotion.