Earticle

The two main aims of this paper are as follows. One is to be understood what are three research behaviors which researchers can be encountering while proposing, fulfilling and reporting of research. The other is to be examined what is the research integrity, what is the relationship to the research ethics in relation to ethical research practice. Research integrity is defined it as that all researchers should obey in doing desirable research activities. It is not to be confused with research ethics. These two terms share some commonality, yet the main difference lies in substance. Research ethics usually pertains to issues related to the decisions about, or treatment practice of, humans in research. But research integrity deals with the question of truth and honesty in science, as well as complying with commonly accepted research practices beholden to the research community. The Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) represents the ideal standard institutions and individuals endeavor to meet and is conducting research in ways that fulfill the professional responsibilities of researchers.

Elements of eyebrow make-up to be in harmony with a face such as eyebrow direction, forms of eyebrow lines, and length of eyebrow lines are applied in many ways as the case may be. However, when eyebrow makeup is designed or analyzed to go well with a theme and make -up design is explained in words, most cases rely only on aesthetic feelings rather than express as scientific logic by mathematical approach. Thus, this study is purposed to analyze the components of eyebrow make-up design according to exact measurement of mathematical concept rather than limit them to aesthetic aspects. In order to achieve this purpose, theoretical and empirical researches were conducted at the same time. Theoretical backgrounds on items suitable for mathematical approach of eyebrow make-up design were reviewed by previous theses and literature. Then, eyebrow tilt, curve degree, and the rate of length change which constitute eyebrow make-up design were made by functions and applied to each mathematical item. Finally, the average rate of change according to eyebrow make-up tilt, the curvature of curve degree, and the golden ratio of eyebrow length and the location of eyebrow peak were empirically analyzed. Based on the findings, the average rate of change could apply to understanding the degree of eyebrow line tilt, curvature could apply to grasping the shape of eyebrow lines, and finally, golden ratio could apply to understanding the ratio of eyebrow lines.

Ultra violet (UV) B irradiation may induce the acceleration of skin aging. The purpose of this study was to develop an effective essence type formulation added with garlic extract to inhibit UVB induced oxidative damage. The reduced form of gluthathione (GSH) depletion and hydrogen peroxide levels of mice treated with essence type formulation added with garlic extract were similar to those of UVB non-irradiated mice. Also, the mice treated with essence type formulation added with garlic extract had significant (p<.05) decreases in thiobarbituric acid reactive (TBARS) levels by lipid peroxidation compared UVB non-irradiated mice. Our data suggest that this formulation may be effective in protecting skin from UVB photodamage.

The two main aims of this paper are as follows. One is to be understood what are three research behaviors which researchers can be encountering while proposing, fulfilling and reporting of research. The other is to be examined what is the research integrity, what is the relationship to the research ethics in relation to ethical research practice. Research integrity is defined it as that all researchers should obey in doing desirable research activities. It is not to be confused with research ethics. These two terms share some commonality, yet the main difference lies in substance. Research ethics usually pertains to issues related to the decisions about, or treatment practice of, humans in research. But research integrity deals with the question of truth and honesty in science, as well as complying with commonly accepted research practices beholden to the research community. The Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) represents the ideal standard institutions and individuals endeavor to meet and is conducting research in ways that fulfill the professional responsibilities of researchers.

The study intended to investigate effect of skin condition change for total 6 weeks and acne skin condition change by application of washing and lotion to face of subject through liquefaction of powder type enzyme, for the subject of 20~30 years old female adults who had acne on the face. In order to investigate skin improvement change and acne skin improvement change of the subject, results of change were observed by measuring moisture, sebum (U-zone, T-zone), roughness, pore size, pore distribution, pigment, wrinkle, and sebum output, and results of change were observed by measuring the number of comedo, papule, pustule, and nodule. As a result of experiment, use of enzyme powder had an effect on skin improvement condition for moisture and wrinkle, but it was statistically insignificant, and it was effective in skin improvement condition for sebum (U-zone, T-zone), roughness, pore size, pore distribution, pigment, and sebum output, and it was shown to be also statistically significant. Evenness showed the largest change. Number of all comedo, papule, pustule, and nodule was effectively reduced for acne skin improvement condition, and it was shown to be also statistically significant. Comedo showed the largest change. It is hoped that enzyme powder is helpful in many program of acne skin care and skin improvement application in many sides by presenting positive effect on the improvement of acne skin on the face by using compound ingredients enzyme through this study.

In this study, the effect of Semen cuscutae Extracts on the acne of 20’s students were studied. 18 Volunteers were selected twenties age group on acne skin. Toner, essence and pack which were made with or without of Semen cuscutae Extracts were applied to their faces. Also instructions were provided three times to them for the self skin care (face cleansing, moisturizing, and protection) through the survey and skin measurement. Clinical tests were conducted a total of 12 times for the duration of six weeks. Based on the korean acne grading system, skin microorganism, skin keratin, sebum contents, erythema index and melanin index, all factors were measured before the test, after three weeks and six weeks after the test. The control group not treated with Semen cuscutae did not show any statistically significant difference after six weeks, while the group treated with Semen cuscutae showed statistically significant difference. In addition, there was a significant improvement in acne skin in both objective and subjective parameters after treatment with Semen cuscutae group compared with control group. When it tries to synthesize a research result, Semen cuscutae is an effect to whitening effect and acne improvement.

In this study, a survey of the level, the increase period, the increase cause and the method for improvement of face and neck wrinkles was carried out on women in their 20s-50s. The result is summarized as follows. Women in their 20s of 28.4%, 30s of 53.8%, 40s of 33.3%, 50s of 28.2%, and 20s of 2.0% had no wrinkles, wrinkles a bit, normal wrinkles, a lot of wrinkles, and a whole lot of wrinkles on their face, respectively. By age, there were significant differences in wrinkles on their face (p<.001). Women in their 20s of 36.3%, 40s of 53.6%, 30s of 31.9%, 50s of 30.8%, and 50s of 3.4% had no wrinkles, wrinkles a bit, normal wrinkles, a lot of wrinkles, and a whole lot of wrinkles on their neck, respectively. By age, there were significant differences in wrinkles on their neck (p<.001). Women in their 20s of 50.7% and 26.0%, 30s of 24.8% and 37.6%, 40s of 23.9%, 17.9% and 26.9%, and 50s of 24.8%, 27.4% and 12.8% have showed the highest rate of increase in wrinkles on their face since their early 20s and mid-20s, late 20s and early 30s, mid-30s, late 30s and early 40s, and mid-40s, late 40s and early 50s, respectively (p<.001). Women in their 20s of 52.3% and 23.1%, 30s of 27.6% and 34.3%, 40s of 20.6%, 21.3% and 34.6%, and 50s of 25.9%, 20.7% and 20.7% have showed the highest rate of increase in wrinkles on their neck since their early 20s and mid-20s, late 20s and early 30s, mid- 30s, late 30s and early 40s, and mid-40s, late 40s and early 50s, respectively (p<.001). Based on this study in the future, follow-up research on the meaning of face and neck wrinkles and the value of wrinkles in women’s life after the age of 50 is needed.

The term of nutri-cosmetics refers to nutritional supplements which can support the function and the structure of the skin. The fisetin is a flavonol which belongs to the flavonoid group of polyphenols. Although the anti-carcinogenic property of fisetin have been widely studied, anti- oxidative function of fisetin in HaCaT keratinocytes is unknown. In this study, we examined the in vitro chemical and cellular anti-oxidant activities of fisetin in HaCaT keratinocytes and we further discussed its potential as an anti-oxidant nutricosmetics. We employed scavenging assay for the 1,1-diphenyl-2,5-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and cellular anti-oxidant activity of fisetin was investigated in H2O2-treated HaCaT keratinocytes as judged by the 2’7’-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA)-based assay. The fisetin effectively scavenged DPPH radicals (IC50 54 μM) when compared to the scavenging activities of L-ascorbic acid (IC50 87 μM) acid and trolox (IC50 74 μM), well-known anti-oxidants. In addition, the fisetin significantly ameliorates H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes in dose-dependent manner. The fisetin showed more strong cellular anti-oxidant activity than those of L-ascorbic acid and trolox in H2O2-treated HaCaT keratinocytes. In agreement with result of the cellular anti-oxidant activity, we observed markedly suppressed H2O2-induced oxidative stress by the pretreatment of 100 μM fisetin under the fluorescence microscopy analysis. These results provide the scientific evidences for the development of skin targeted nutri-cosmetics which has anti-oxidant function.

The two main aims of this paper are as follows. One is to be understood what are three research behaviors which researchers can be encountering while proposing, fulfilling and reporting of research. The other is to be examined what is the research integrity, what is the relationship to the research ethics in relation to ethical research practice. Research integrity is defined it as that all researchers should obey in doing desirable research activities. It is not to be confused with research ethics. These two terms share some commonality, yet the main difference lies in substance. Research ethics usually pertains to issues related to the decisions about, or treatment practice of, humans in research. But research integrity deals with the question of truth and honesty in science, as well as complying with commonly accepted research practices beholden to the research community. The Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) represents the ideal standard institutions and individuals endeavor to meet and is conducting research in ways that fulfill the professional responsibilities of researchers.

With the economic development and industrial advancement, the quality of life, income level, and one-child family have increased. Accordingly, parents strongly tend to demand high-end products for their children. Also, with an increase in infants suffering from atopy and allergic diseases, the preference for atopy products and natural organic products has been on the rise. This study was intended to investigate the features of the diversified infant cosmetics market. We classified the type of infant cosmetics into general infant cosmetics, natural cosmetics (organic, eco-friendly, natural, and oriental medicine cosmetics included), and cosmetics for sensitive skin (Atopy cosmetics included), conduct a questionnaire survey on mothers with children under 6 years. We analyzed 549 copies of questionnaire to look into their purchasing type and the difference of satisfaction with products and marketing with the use of SPSS 12.0 program. Mostly used products for their children were natural infant cosmetics. Regarding the cosmetics for sensitive skin, the cosmetics for atopy, rash, and allergy were used more than others so that there were a significant difference (p<.001). Also, in the case of choosing the cosmetics for infants, the group that uses the cosmetics for sensitive skin and natural cosmetics takes into account a product’s brand further. Regarding the satisfaction with efficacy and effects, the study subjects were highly satisfied with the cosmetics for sensitive skin in terms of facial cream, body wash and UV-block cosmetics. And, with respect to body lotion, they were highly satisfied with natural cosmetics, and regarding shampoo, they were highly satisfied with general infant cosmetics. Regarding the diversity of product line and the brand image by promotion, natural cosmetics group showed the highest, and regarding the average score of price, the general cosmetics group had the highest. Recently, with the wellbeing trend, customers try to spend more and expect more effects. In the aspect, it is expected that premium cosmetics, such as natural and organic cosmetics, the cosmetics for sensitive skin, and atopy and oriental medicine cosmetics, are more popular in the infant cosmetics market. Therefore, it is necessary to develop products and distinct marketing strategy, which reflect the trends.

The nutri-cosmetics was defined as a nutraceuticals which can exert the function, beauty and the structure of the skin. Genistein has been reported to possess potent pro-apoptotic, anti- inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties. However, the physiological role and its underlying molecular mechanisms of genistein in H2O2- treated HaCaT keratinocytes are unknown. In this study, we examined the cellular anti-oxidant activity of genistein against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes. The cellular anti-oxidant activity of genistein was assessed in HaCaT cells as judged by the 2’7’-dichlorofluorescein -diacetate (DCFH-DA)- based assay and image analysis using fluorescence microscopy. Genistein dose- dependently and effectively ameliorate the H2O2-induced oxidative stress of HaCaT keratinocytes. We further revealed that the cellular anti-oxidant activity of genistein mediated by activating of nuclear factor erythroid-2 -related factor 2 (Nrf2), the central transcriptional factor for expression of phase II detoxifying enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO- 1). Taken together, our results indicate that the activation of Nrf2 signaling is required for cellular anti-oxidant activity of genistein. These findings provide the scientific evidences for the development of Nrf2 targeted nutricosmetics.

This study carried out 6 week’s research targeting 36 women in their age of 35~55 by grouping them into surfactant and solvent based cleansing group in order to suggest basic data for importance of cleansing. Difference between 2 groups shows that moisture content for front cheek is proved to indicate higher level in solvent based cleansing group from 3th week after application than surfactant based cleansing group (p<.01). Sebum level of U zone showed higher at solvent based cleansing group in 6 week after application than surfactant based cleansing group (p<.05). Sebum level of T zone showed higher at solvent based cleansing group in 6 week after application than surfactant based cleansing group (p<.01). Roughness showed lower level at solvent based cleansing group in 6 week after application than surfactant based cleansing group (p<.001). Wrinkle showed lowered level at solvent based cleansing group in 6 week after application than surfactant based cleansing group. Pigmentation showed lower level at solvent based cleansing group in 6 week after application than surfactant based cleansing group (p<.001). Sebum level of T zone was reduced in 6 weeks after application surfactant based cleansing group (p<.05). Moisture content on front cheek was increased at solvent based cleansing group (p<.05) and roughness was reduced (p<.05) and wrinkle and pigmentation was also reduced (p<.01). By generalizing all mentioned above, use of solvent based cleansing is believed to result in less skin troubles and the longer solvent based cleansing is used , the longer the effectiveness lasts.

This study investigated general characteristics of its subject and their considerations in hiring employees to know the characteristics and present condition of beauty art industry managers. It also sought to find effect of hiring awareness (professional awareness for hiring employees) on employment satisfaction (satisfaction with employees’ job performance) with a purpose to provide information and scholarly data needed for management of beauty art industry and its human resources. The subject of this study was employers in beauty art industry based in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do area. Part 483 through the questionnaire collected data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 Analytical methods applied to cross-analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression, principal component analysis, respectively. In sum of the conclusions above, it was found that hiring awareness and economic support awareness of the employer in his hiring employees has much effect on employment satisfaction with larger expectations put in a new staff-to-be than in the present staff. All managers in the beauty art industry wish for satisfactory employment of personnel. Therefore, employees in a beauty art industry need to seek for concentrated actual plans by exactly grasping the employer’s hiring awareness while the employer needs differentiated hiring awareness and management strategy idea for enhanced overall satisfaction with his hired personnel.

Quercetin is a polyflavonoid used at the raw material of foods, cosmetics, medicines as an anti-oxidant, antiallergic, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory agent. However, its intracellular mechanisms and signaling pathways on skin cells are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of quercetin in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). To determine cell viability on quercetin, we performed MTT assay in quercetin-treated HDFs. Quercetin did not cause any significant changes in viability of HDFs. Quercetin induced accumulation of p53 and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry in quercetin-treated HDFs determined that quercetin caused G2/M phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner. DNA microarray analysis revealed that expression of various genes were regulated in quercetin-treated HDFs, and several transcripts showing critical levels of changes in their expression were validated by qRT-PCR. Quercetin induced the expression of HO-1, E2F7, TP53I3, known to be associated with cell protection, in doseand time-dependent manners. Taken together, these results demonstrate that quercetin may be used as an effective cosmeceutical material useful for protection of the dermal skin.

The purpose of this study was to determine the improving effect of cleanser containing Centella asiatica (C. asiatica ) extracts charcoal and pearl powder. For this goal, clinical trial and survey were conducted targeting on 20 women in their 20s ~ 60s. Clinical trial was measured changes in skin’s pores and sebums and dead skin cells before and after use of cleanser. Skin`s pores and sebums were analyzed using facial skin photographing system. Dead skin cells were taken with keratin stickers, then generation rate of dead skin cells was measured by using Image Pro Plus. As a result of clinical trial, area of skin`s pore and sebum decrease each 17.72% and 21.11% as compared with before use of cleanser. Generation rate of dead skin cells improve 18.69% after use of cleanser. The survey carried out about satisfaction and usability. As a result of survey, majority of subjects were answered that the cleanser has improvement effects about skin conditions. These results showed that the cleanser containing C. asiatica extracts and charcoal and pearl powder has excellent cleansing effects.

Perfume, which is a completion of the fashion, has expressed designer’s soul. Fashion designer Jean Paul Gaultier called the ‘Enfant Térrible’ of fashion industry, is leading the fashion world by his own unique and boundless artistic works. Jean Paul Gaultier’s works are equivalent to having insight of the Post-modernism since the characteristics of Gaultier fashion can be explained as antiform, combination of differences and sexuality with humorous ambiance. This study is aimed at investigating how his Post-modernism is shown in his perfumes, understanding his artistic philosophy. This study is based on Gaultier’s perfumes: ‘Le Classque’, ‘Le Mâle’ and their flankers. This analysis focuses on Frangrance, Package/Naming and Advertisement which are three significant elements of the perfume. The followings are the results of this analysis. The fragrance is based on oriental family which connotes sexuality, and is harmonized with classical and modern fragrances. And ‘Fleur du Mâle’ for men is on the boundary of men and women fragrance which comes from considerable amount of material: the Orange Blossom. Jean Paul Gaultier used the torso of human being as bottle of his perfumes and the bottle of ‘Le Classique’ wears underwear like outer garments. Bottles of perfume for men often get tatoo, use a razor as necklace and are naked with soft white color. These are understood as the Post-modernism. The advertisements contained expression methods such as parody, feminism, sexuality and combination of differences and denied public agreement and tradition in unusual way such as presenting two versions for gay and straight in 2009. Jean Paul Gaultier has incorporated his own Post-modernism philosophy into his perfumes.

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of facial lymphatic drainage on electrophysiological functions of the brain and heart. The subjects were healthy female adults in their twenties (n=7). Brain and heart functions were determined by using electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and blood pressure measurement. Facial lymphatic drainage (fLD) was applied for a total 15 min. EEG was recorded before, during, and after the fLD. EEG results show that beta powers at the frontal and temporal lobes decreased during the fLD on the neck (p<.05). Beta power also decreased at the temporal lobe during the fLD on the chin and whole face (p<.05). Especially, the theta power increased during the fLD on the whole on the face (p<.05). On the other hand, heart rate decreased and PR interval and QT time of the ECG increased significantly after the fLD. However the blood pressures was not changed by the fLD. These data indicate that fLD induces relaxation and sleep status. Therefore, facial lymphatic drainage has beneficial electrophysiological effects on the brain and heart functions.

The study of this project is Dreadlocks hair style for ethnic maintain enormous portion by express exotic case out of normalness. The scope of study is about phenomenon of ethnic image presents at 21C modern style is impressed by the core of fashion, make-up, hair, and especially studied the core of Dreadlocks hair style distinguished personality. The result of this study is separated with 21C Dreadlocks hair style present at ethnic, long and short hair both man and woman and I wish the sort of various hair style on 21C ethnic, the reason why make hair, the expression of exotic hair style will be produced.

The aim of this study was to prove the effect of Microneedle Therapy System (MTS) to improve the facial skin condition of mid-aged women. MTS is the abbreviation of Microneedle Therapy System and has a roller with two hundred microneedle. It induces the natural regeneration of collagen by making the artificial wounds by microneedle roller. In esthetic salons, HF (High Frequency) treatment has been mainly applied to skin care. Recently, MTS has been arising as a new treatment for them. Therefore, this study compared the effect of HF and MTS. The values of sebum level, moisture, size of pores, and aging by using skin diagnosis system (aphrodite-Ⅲ) were gained. They were measured before the experiment and after eight weeks. This is to see continuity. The experimental group treated by MTS was effective in all of significant experimental variables more than the comparison group treated by HF. For the evaluation of satisfaction, most of objects who has MTS treatment answered that they were very satisfied or just satisfied with the improvement of skin condition. Conclusively, this study proved that MTS treatment was effective to mid-aged women’s skin condition.

This experiment was to investigate antioxidant effect and inhibitory effect of melanin synthesis with a pine needles fermentation extract (PN) from a natural substance for developing whitening cosmetics materials based on preventing aging skin. As a positive control group, L-ascorbic acid (ASA), Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCE) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) that is the existing antioxidant known was used for testing PN after natural ripening. To investigate antioxidant effect, we performed DPPH assay and SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity assay. PN has very higher antioxidative activity compared with positive control groups in DPPH assay and SOD activity assay. When the comparison group was compared with the result of the test on depressor effect of melanin formation, it showed that PN has higher depressor competence of melanin formation, especially and it has a marked depressor competence of melanin formation in 100 μg/ ml concentration. PN reduced to form melanin depending on a concentration comparing with the comparison group in Human melanoma SK-mel-2 induced by ultraviolet radiation that causes pigmentation. Therefore, the result showed that PN has higher effect than the comparison group. As above, it has good possibility to activate antioxidant of a pine needles fermentation extract and to develop as whitening materials of functional cosmetics. Moreover, it needs to study more such investigation of an action mechanism, division of the active constituent and application.

This study surveys to find out the psychological meaning of facial wrinkles in the life of women in their 50s and analyze their desires for the facial anti-wrinkle improvement. The results are as follows. 48% of them thought that they’ve aged now while looking at their facial wrinkles. 41 of them responded that their life expectancy was 80 to 85 yr of age. 77% of them responded that they hope their facial wrinkles disappear as many as they want, and 33% of them responded that they hope their face wrinkles decrease by about 50% on the basis of the current state. 31% of them responded that they can give up their life expectancy or some of their property if their face wrinkles disappear all or as many as they want. For an abandonable target at this time, 62% and 33% of them responded that they can give up their property and life, respectively. 64% of them responded that they can give up their life expectancy under 3. Many of them responded that they can give up their property of 7% on average. 84% of them responded that they will receive skin care if their face wrinkles disappear all or as many as they want through regular skin care every month. 26% of them responded that they will have confidence which seems to do if they do something when their face wrinkles disappear all or as many as they want. Consequently, for 31.2% of those surveyed, their facial wrinkles are a factor affecting diverse fields such as their looks, human relations, works, and psychological view.

In this study, the facial flushing and edema symptoms caused by Microneedle Therapy System (MTS) were observed, and the calming effect of Manual Lymph Drainage (MLD) on the flushing and the edema were quantitatively evaluated. The flushing and edema symptoms were remarkably increased just after the MTS stimulus, and reached its peak at 30 min. The facial swelling was occurred about 1.5 to 3.6% and the buccal region among the face was sensitive to the stimulus. In control group taken a rest only after MTS, the flushing symptoms were slowly become calm down, but there is little change in the edema. On the other hand, in the experimental group received the MLD treatment, the flushing and the edema symptoms were quickly reduced. The number and area of the hot flashes were reduced 63% and 79%, respectively, and the swelling face size was more reduced about 0.8~1.6% than the size before MTS stimulus. In conclusion, the MLD is one of the most promising methods to reduce the MTS- induced flushing and swelling symptoms.

In domestic beauty art, there was 15 departments with 17 majors. The course for Ph.D. was first established in 2005. After establishment, beauty art-related Ph.D. course have been greatly growing in qualitatively and quantitatively for 7 years. There are 15 papers in Konkuk university, 8 papers in Kosin university, 6 papers in Gwangju women’s university, 21 papers in Keimyung university, no paper in Nambu university and Daejeon university, 7 papers in Daegu Haany university, 33 papers in Seokyeong university, 10 papers in Seoul venture graduate school, no paper in Youngsan university and Eulji university, 34 papers in Wonkwang university, no paper in Chungang university and 3 papers in Sejong university. As an approach for establishing the achievement and advancement for certain research areas, analyzing papers published for that area could provide basic data to address trends of study and researches for those areas. Therefore, this study was suggested basic data for good quality of papers related to beauty departments nationwide in the future.

With regard to the effects of career women’s make-up image, it was found that the biggest part of respondents chose ‘looks familiar’, followed by ‘looks bright’, ‘look friendly’, ‘looks well matched with characteristic of works’, ‘looks active’, and ‘looks modern and neat’. Therefore, make-up will not only satisfy the external beauty of a human, but also give much influence on social relationships, psychological satisfaction, work satisfaction, improvement of work efficiency, etc. For this reason, it is necessary to provide various make-up lectures and services for career women and profoundly study their effects. Especially, in regard to women’s make-up per each generation, a color is appearing as the most important choice standard, which means the different preference for colors per generation and leads to the needs for development of various colors fitted for each age range.

Recently botanical cosmetics using plant extracts such as Camellia japonica (C. japonica) L. have been actively studied. Many applications skin care products for acne treatment would have been developed considering a new trend. While C. japonica is one of the best known species of Camellia. Because of it’s potential application in cosmetic and medicinal fields. C. japonica has gained many attentions because of cosmetic and medicinal ingredients in its leaf, C. japonica has been selected as a representative plant for commercial growth in Jeonnam region since 2010. In this study, C. japonica L. extracts were added to base formula to make a skin care product. Based on clinical trials, skin care product showed an acne diminishing activity in 4 weeks. To elucidate the skin effect, firstly, antioxidant activity assays were performed. For hydroxyl radical scavenging activity double distilled (DI) water extracts of C. japonica L. showed better activity than that of 40% ethanol extracts. Several kinds of flavonoids and polyphenols have been found in DI water extracts of C. japonica L. Next, antimicrobial activities were tested using ampicillin as a standard antibiotic. Comparing a clear zone diameter, DI water extracts of C. japonica L. showed 56% of 100 μg/mL ampicillin. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction showed less activity than that of DI water fractions throughout this study. As a result, C. japonica L. extracts are considered to be valuable raw materials for cosmetic applications.

The purpose of this study is to increase the empowerment for middle managers in the beauty business; the differences of empowerment according to the nature of middle management have been discovered and analyzed the sub-factors in this study have been identified as influences, relevant means, and the ability to play his or her role. The nature of the job requires career, leaving one’s job, average working days per week, average hours on the job, the frequency of attending and studying at other institutions, and participating in extra curricular activities; and the following vocational characteristics heavily influence empowerment. For this study, 514 beauticians have filled out a survey which was then analyzed: frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, unitary analysis of variance by applying the SPSS 16.0. Duncon’s post- inspection was put to work to find the differences between groups. First, the characteristics of the job such as career, leaving one’s job, average working days per week, average hours on the job, the frequency of attending and studying at other institutions, and participating in extra curricular activities gives significant influences the sub-factors which are influences, relevant means, and the ability to play his or her role. Secondly, by examining the nature of the job which are career, leaving one’s job, average working days per week, average hours on the job, the frequency of attending and studying at other institution and participating in extra curricular activities in average, when one has worked more than 11 years, the frequency of leaving job is 1 to 4 times, and the reason people leave is because they have not received the necessary education in order to do the job. The average of working days per week is 5 days, the average working hours a day are 9 to 10 hours, and the working hours a day that the people want to work are 9 hours. When the frequency of attending and studying at other institutions exceeds 16 times, most cases people either go to schools that gives college credit or diploma and offer a higher level education or attend private institutions for their education. Hence, based on the results, organizational structure and organizational management in beauty business give insightful empirical data.

The cosmetics ingredient labeling system aims to secure consumers’ rights to be safe and access necessary information by labeling all cosmetics ingredient information on the cosmetics container and box. It has been pointed out that the purpose of this system has not been properly carried out since it was launched in 2008. Therefore, this study has determined consumer purchase behavior, consumer interest in cosmetics ingredients and cosmetics that cause side effects before investigating the current use of the cosmetics ingredient labeling system. In addition, this study has proposed a plan for improvement after examining whether or not the launching of the system is perceived, if the labeling and items are appropriate and if there are any problems in the labeling system. It is anticipated that the result of this study could be used as basic data for establishing a practical cosmetics ingredient labeling system.

Interests in health and beauty have been highlighted because we make efforts to develop ourselves as our society have now become a society where individual personalities are respected while we are concentrating on the ‘appearance care’ due to the diversification of our lifestyle and the increased living conditions. In addition, the demand by men visiting a skin care shop on the use of cosmetics is increasing year after year as men who spare no investment in decorating themselves are increasing. Accordingly, this study carried out a survey on the use motivation of skin care shops, classification of informer for skin care shops, body health conditions, and interests in health, skin and cosmetics using a questionnaire for 458 adult men in 20s ~ 50s who live in Gangnam and Gangbuk District in Seoul. As a result of the motivation for skin care according to the self-awareness for the skin conditions in this study, the wrinkle care for the group with poor skin conditions was lower than that for the other two groups but the special care appeared higher. It was surveyed that the group with the perception that their skin conditions are good relatively used more human informers in terms of the classification of informers for skin care shops according to the self- awareness of skin conditions. They appeared to consider their body health conditions good with higher interests in skin as their skin conditions are comparatively good in terms of body health conditions and interests in health, skin and cosmetics according to the self-awareness of skin conditions. The factor affecting the purpose for wrinkle care among factors affecting the use motivations of skin care shops was higher as the age was higher, interests in skin was higher, the use of media-directed informer is more, the body health condition is worse, and the skin conditions are better. The factor affecting the purpose of moisturizing and genera care appeared to be higher, as the use for the classification of media-directed informers was higher, body conditions are worse, and skin conditions are better. The factor affecting the purpose of special care appeared to be higher, as the use of media-directed informers was higher, the age was younger, interests in the skin were higher, and skin conditions were worse.

This study was carried out in order to compare the effects of abdominal meridian massage and aroma abdominal massage on female undergraduates’ stress, anxiety and abdominal circumference. The research subjects were selected 20 people who responded as saying that the level of being felt stress or anxiety now by oneself is more than a mild case. The abdominal meridian and aroma massage were carried out totally 20 times per once by 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Before beginning experiment, the stress level, anxiety level, and body compositions were measured. The stress level, anxiety level, and abdominal circumference following experiment were measured at intervals of 1 week after beginning experiment. The verification of homogeneity before experiment and the pre-post difference in abdominal circumference in the group with abdominal meridian massage and the group with aroma abdominal massage were used t-test. Stress level and anxiety level according to the passage of massage period were analyzed with repeated measure ANOVA. As a result of experiment, the pre·post change in body composition and abdominal circumference was significantly reduced 5 cm below the navel and the circumference in the navel part in the abdominal meridian massage. Even body fat (%) showed significant reduction. On the other hand, the aroma abdominal massage had no significant difference by comparing it with pre-experiment. The stress relief level was indicated to be more significant in 2 weeks after experiment than 1 week after experiment in the abdominal meridian massage. The result after it had no significant difference. On the other hand, the aroma massage had no significant difference in a change according to the point of time. The anxiety relief level had no significant difference in a change according to the point of time in both abdominal meridian massage and abdominal aroma massage. As a result of experiment, both methods had effect of reduction in stress, anxiety and abdominal obesity. However, its effect was indicated to be relatively bigger in the group with abdominal meridian massage.

In this study, antioxidative activities and mechanical characteristics of Mosidae Yanggaeng with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10% of Adenophora remotiflora powder were examined and sensory characteristics of Yanggaeng with the addition of Adenophora remotiflora powder (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10%) was examined. Adenophora remotiflora powder has low calorie, low fat and higher antioxidant. In addition, we examined the potential of utilizing Adenophora remotiflora powder as a functional food material by estimating total phenol content, electron donating ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and reducing power of the hot water extract and ethanol extract of Adenophora remotiflora powder. The total phenol content of the ethanol extracts of Adenophora remotiflora powder was 487.9 ㎍/ mL and the total phenol content of the water extracts of Adenophora remotiflora powder was 403.70 ㎍/ mL. The electron donating ability of the ethanol extract and the water extract of Adenophora remotiflora powder was 75.37% and 86.10%, respectively. The hydroxyl radical scavenging of the ethanol extract and the water extract of Adenophora remotiflora powder was 65.50% and 66.22%, respectively. The hydroxyl radical scavenging of the ethanol extract and the water extract of Adenophora remotiflora powder was the higher than vitamin E (35.46%) and vitamin C (51.05%). We evaluated the quality characteristics after producing Adenophora remotiflora powder Yanggaeng. In case of color value, as the addition level of Adenophora remotiflora powder increases, the value of L (lightness) decreased, a (redness) and b (yellowness) increased. In case of measuring mechanical properties, springiness of Yanggaeng with different levels of Adenophora remotiflora powder is not significant (p<.05) difference. As Adenophora remotiflora powder addition level increases, gumminess and cohesiveness value decreased (p<.05) generally. In case of sensory evaluation, Mosidae Yanggaeng with the addition of 6% Adenophora remotiflora powder (MY6) was significantly higher in taste, color, flavor, texture and overall quality. To sum up, MY6 showed the highest preference overall.