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Plagiarism is related with the ethical and the legal problem which researchers will be careful. Plagiarism is defined as using ideas, words and verbatim of others as if they were his/her own without proper citations. The issue involved in the use of others’ ideas, words and verbatim without proper citations is academic dishonesty required for all academic researchers and students as well. Plagiarism, therefore, is associated with methods of citation. The main aims of this paper is to understand plagiarism which is one of research misconduct. To the end, I examined the concept, characteristics, types of plagiarism and also searched the criteria of plagiarism and the honest and right academic writing to prevent plagiarism. There are various types of plagiarism. I discussed mainly four types of plagiarism; text plagiarism(word-for word plagiarism), paraphrasing plagiarism, patch writing, plagiarism of the form of a source. To avoid the deliberate or undeliberate attempt to plagiarize, researchers should write ethically. This means researcher use proper amount of quotations, which means their work should not be filled with quotations. If one uses too many quotations or does not give credit in accordance with the accepted fair practices of the relevant research community in their creative work written on the basis of their own or another’s work, this constitutes plagiarism.

The skin is an important organ, and the need for attention to its metabolic requirements is often underestimated by professionals involved with its integrity and beauty. Vitamins and minerals are the indispensable nutritional basis for the maintenance of its integrity. The skin has very peculiar nutrition needs, which should be acknowledged and supplied if necessary. Skin aging is a continuous process heavily determined by the combined influences arising from intrinsic aging, the environment and lifestyle factors including our diet. While it has long been understood that balanced nutrition is essential for maintaining healthy skin, and certain nutritional deficiencies result in skin abnormalities; increasing evidence suggests that what we eat can affect our skin aging appearance. Therefore it is not surprising that diet has been identified as a possible modifiable environmental risk factor for premature skin aging.

The development of a variety of cosmetic and beauty is being promoted as our understanding of the dermatology in differentiation of skin cells, the identification of aging, and the development of artificial skin cells, has advanced with the brilliant development of biotechnology. In this study, we examined the function of physiological act from outposts of Agrimonia pilosa extracted by ethanol. Electron donating ability was increased in proportion to the concentration of the antioxidant activity. When we measured polyphenols and flavonoids contents of Agrimonia pilosa, the result was respectively 105.1±1.5, 32.8±2.7 mg/ml. Cytotoxicity was not found under 50 μg/ml in concentration. The protective effect about damaged HaCaT cells by hydrogen peroxide increased in a dose dependent. And measuring anti-inflammatory activity , we could also know that NO production was significantly reduced within the concentration range. Thus, ethanol extract of Agrimonia pilosa was identified as a beauty functional material.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of human- derived urine on the 40-60s middle-aged women’s neck skin. Two samples of 3-7year-old boy’s urine was used in freeze-drying after dialysis : one was dialyzed urine in an instant and the other was dialyzed urine that was aged for three days. The subjects were housewife in their 40-60s middle-aged women; a group of 10 students were selected for the dialyzed urine group (DU), another group of 10 students for the group of the dialyzed after three days urine (DAU) and other group of 10 students for the control group. The experiment had been conducted for a total of 8 weeks. In the results of analysis, in the case of a control group were all increased or not changed. On the other hand, DU group showed decrease in variation of erythema index 13% (p=.009), melanin index 8% (p=.000), amount of keratin 26% (p=.520), SCE a* (redness) 13% (p=.034), sebum content 56% (p=.089), and to increased SCE L* (lightness) 4% (p=.278), SCE b* (yellowness) 6% (p=.072), Moisture 38% (p=.001). Besides, DUA group also showed decrease in variation of erythema index 11%(p=.003), melanin index 9%(p=.021), amount of keratin 40% (p=.284), SCE a* (redness) 9% (p=.034), sebum content 50% (p=.021), and to increased SCE L* (lightness) 6% (p=.003), SCE b* (yellowness) 5% (p=.157), Moisture 43% (p=.001). Consequently, judging from the changes in the DU group and the DUA group, it was confirmed that the ingredient of urine is very effective in improving middle-aged women’s neck skin. The results of this research can be used to demonstrate the potentials of urine applicated cosmetics.

The present study aimed to find out the effects of different approaches of Swedish massage on sebum, moisture and facial skin condition changes in 24 middle-aged women (back and face massage group: 12, back massage group: 12). For the purpose of analyzing differences between groups and depending on timing, the paired t-test was used. To sum up, the analysis found the following. In terms of the changes in the sebum U-zone, the sebum decreased by 49.09% in the back and face massage group, whilst it increased by 76.53% in the back massage group after the massage treatment. In the sebum T zone, the sebum decreased by 9.89% in the back and face massage group whereas it increased by 19.84% in the back massage group after the massage treatment. There were differences in mean values in both groups after the massage treatment for the sebum U-zone and T-zone with no statistical significance (p>.05). As for the changes in the moisture U zone, the moisture increased by 2.47% in the back and face massage group after the massage treatment with no statistical significance (p>.05), whereas it increased by 6.07% in the back massage group, which was statistically significant. The moisture in the moisture T- zone increased by 2.64% in the back and face massage group after the massage treatment, which was not statistically significant (p<.05), whereas it increased by 10.17% in the back massage group, which was statistically significant. In respect of changes in skin condition after the massage treatment, the back and face massage group showed decreases in hair follicles (2.45%), roughness (42.37%), keratin (52.48%), wrinkles (0.92%), pigmentation (25.06%) and skin elasticity (12.87%). Notably, nothing but changes in roughness and pigmentation was statistically significant (p<.05). In the back massage group, the massage treatment decreased hair follicles (1.12%), roughness (12.68%), keratin (52.70%), wrinkles (3.37%) and pigmentation (16.23%), while increasing the skin elasticity by 12.64%, which was not statistically significant (p>.05).

This study investigated and estimated the pre-treatment effect of egg-white hydrolysate taken from protease liquid coenzyme of Bacillus subtilis K-54, through measuring the improvement effect on hair, after treating it on virgin hair, damaged hair, heavily damaged hair. After letting egg-white to be decomposed with being inserted twice by Cheonggukjang protease liquid coenzyme, it applied for the pre-treatment in treating permanent wave. As for hair thickness, tensile strength, the experiment group which consist of virgin hair, one time bleached hair, five times bleached hair was raised, when compared to the control group of which samples were underwent only for the procedure of permanent wave. As for wave formation, the experiment group which consist of virgin hair, one time bleached hair, five times bleached hair went better by about 12.1%, 24%, 30.5% respectively, when compared to the control group. As for wave long-lasting, in comparison to wave formation, the experiment group which consist of virgin hair, one time bleached hair, five times bleached hair was lowered by about 12.7%, 12.8%, 12.3% respectively, and went better. Therefore, the development of treatment agents made from natural substances of plant origin is looked for.

This study used the one-group pre-test post-test design and focused on changes in the cardiovascular system and blood sugar in the 12 elderly women. The sports massage operated once in 40 minutes, twice in a week and for 10 weeks. The results of this study are presented as follows: 1. Under the condition of NSM, significant increases were found in both heart rate and DP (p<.05) but no significant differences were found in the other variables. 2. The significant decreases in pulse pressure (p<.01) and systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate, double product, blood sugar (p<.001) were searched in SM. 3. A comparison between SM and NSM, after operating, all variables were significantly different (p<.001). In conclusion, sports massage can effect positively on the function decline of cardiovascular system and decrease in blood sugar for elderly women insufficiently exercised. Therefore, sports massage can be an alternative means for elderly people.

Dandelion is suggested to have some pharmacological and cosmetic properties, including antibacterial activity against pathogens of acne, antioxidative activity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and nitric oxide production inhibitory activity and so on. On the other hand, essential oils are secondary metabolites in plants, which are hydrophobic liquid containing volatile and bioactive compounds. The aim of present study was identification and quantification of aroma compounds in essential oil isolated from dried white dandelion (Taraxacum coreanum). The analyses was performed by gas chromatography with mass selective detector after simultaneous distillation extraction. Eighteen compounds were identified. The principal compounds of the volatiles of white dandelion are 2-pentanol (43.25%), benzaldehyde (9.30%), acetaldehyde (9.18%), nonanal (9.38%), ethyl acetate (7.28%), benzeneacetaldehyde (5.45%). Some bioactive compounds were also identified in this study, such as α-pinene, β-pinene, benzyl alcohol.

This study was to observe and quantify the effect of facial size changes in 20s to 30s male through skeletal muscle therapies. The study targeted 20 to 30s male who resides in Seoul metropolitans, Republic of Korea, and agreed on the purpose and intent of this study. The research underwent at a 5-week time frame. The experimental target consists of a 10 males of Skeletal Muscle Therapy (SMT) group and another 10 males of Manual Technic (MC) group based on a 15-minute survey equally for these two groups. All measures were undertaken based on a pre-facial care measure, 1 facial care measure, 5-facial care measure and 10- facial care measures. Both groups had marked significant facial size changes. However, the facial care with SMT group had been proven that it was more effective and apparent relatively. Thus, further in-depth research which overwhelms age group, residence area, method of therapy or yo-yo effect should be required for the future work for the sake of better understanding on the SMT.

In-body was used to determine the effects of hand massage therapy on subjects. In the study, In-body was used to find the positive effects on changes in body composition, body fat and body water. Total numbers of 8 people were received the Geunhyeol therapy. Changes in intracellular fluid 0.018 (p<.05) and minerals 0.028 (p<.05) were almost significant level. Research time was not long enough to see refilling amount of muscle and body water while breaking down fat. As a result, there were no differences in protein, extracellular fluid and body water levels. Significant level was founded in body fat 0.012 (p<.05) and edema 0.027 (p<.05). Especially, the symptom of edema could be solved by Geunhyeol therapy. The benefits of the study were to demonstrate releasing knotted muscles and uric acid caused by stress and to push toxic out of body. Through stimulating muscles and blood vessel, Geunhyeol therapy helped psychological relaxation, and also helped to control subjects’main symptoms such as stomachache, constipation and diarrhea. Subjects could easily get psychological and physical advantages with very simple and effortless ways. Different from other treatments, Geunhyeol therapy could offer very effective treatment with reasonable price. In conclusion, the limitation on the study was that the research lasted only short period of time to see a result of long term effects of the therapy. Moreover, there was difficulty in generalization because of small numbers of subject. Constantly, many case studies are needed. However, if a subject regularly receives Geunhyeol therapy, he/she can get good effects. It will be meaningful to continue the follow- up study.

By using Pini Folium of Pinus densiflora Seib. et Zucc. that naturally grow in Gangwon-do area, cytotoxicity resistance effect against NHDF were examined and a study on the mRNA expression of COL1A1 and generation effect of pro-collagen 1 was conducted. After extracting Pini Folium with 80% ethanol and hot water respectively and they were referred to as PEF and PFW. The cytotoxicity resistance effect of pine needles was examined by conducting MTT assay, TNF-α, and H2O2 test regarding NHDF. The amount of COL1A1 expression using qRT-PCR and the generation of pro-collagen 1 using Western blot were examined. As a result of the experiment, In MTT assay, PFE, PFW had no cytotoxicity against the hypodermal cell. As a result of cell death resistance effect on TNF-α, PFE displayed a significant result in the concentration of 10 μg/mL and PFW displayed non signifiant result. In the effects on cell death resistance of H2O2, PFE and PFW could be confirmed to have significant results. In regards to the measurement of mRNA expression of COL1A1, PFE displayed non -significant difference, PFW displayed significant difference. In regards to the generation of pro-collagen 1, the protein was generated for both PFE, PFW. In conclusion, PFE and PFW of Pini Folium extract can be applied to skin beauty practically and considered as the results to suggest the anti-aging possibility in aging skin in regards to mRNA expression of COL1A1 against NHDF and generation of pro-collagen 1.

The purpose of this study is to perceive and classify value of hair style influenced by feminism, concentrating on exploration of hair style aspects in which feminism is described on the basis of various feminism theories.m The method is as in the following; firstly, the concept and characteristic of feminism is sought for, and secondly, the situation that hair-style represent feminism is sought for. The scope of this study spans analysis of diverse data, from literatures, articles to internet. As seen in the result, taking a close look at modern costume of various feminism theories, there can be found the new looks appearance which are called short hair’s manish look, thick wave’s glamour look, high colored fetish look, inter sexed androgynous look. And there can be found follow-up hair-styles which follow the relevant look respectively.

This study has attempted to determine the effect of intrinsic self- esteem and body satisfaction in women in their 20s-40s on beauty management behavior and to provide useful data for the establishment of adequate interpersonal relationships and marketing. The following results were obtained: First, the extrinsic satisfaction of women in their 20s-40s was 2.74 (above average). Specifically, the highest satisfaction was observed with facial features because aesthetic beauty and cosmetic surgery for intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction have become common in modern society. Second, self-esteem was classified into three categories: subjective satisfaction, comparative satisfaction and objective satisfaction. As subjective satisfaction and comparative satisfaction were higher, femininity was strong. As objective satisfaction was higher, the latest trend was preferred. Third, among extrinsic body satisfaction factors, body proportions had the biggest effect on beauty management behavior. As satisfaction with facial features and lower body was higher, beauty management behavior was stronger. As satisfaction with facial shape, skin conditions, upper body, weight and hair conditions was higher, on the contrary, beauty management behavior weakened. Fourth, according to analysis of the effect of intrinsic self-esteem and extrinsic body satisfaction on beauty management behavior, intrinsic self-esteem had a direct effect on beauty management behavior. Those with extrinsic body satisfaction were weaker than those with intrinsic self-esteem in terms of beauty management behavior (i.e., beauty care behavior).

The purpose of this study is to use as a way of smoking cessation by figuring out how the aromatic inhalation therapy using lavender essential oil has an effect on the smoking cessation among high school girls. This study was carried on 30 girl students. The test subjects, 30 girl students were divided into control group (n=15) and experimental group (n=15). An experiment was conducted on control group living without the use of lavender essential oil and experimental group living with inhaling lavender essential oil 3 times a day and wearing necklace for 4 weeks. The change of nicotine dependence in experimental group before-after experiment showed that the nicotine dependence score significantly decreases at time goes on from 10.33±0.62 before experiment to the first 8.73±0.46, the second 7.27±0.59 and the third 6.07±1.34 after experiment (p<.01). While the change of nicotine dependence in control group showed that the nicotine dependence slightly decreases at time goes on, there was no significant difference. In experimental group the change of carbon monoxide significantly decreased at time goes on from 6.27±2.89 before experiment to the first 5.67±2.44, the second 3.80±2.08, the third 2.07±1.62 and the fourth 1.20±1.08 after experiment (p<.01). While the change of carbon monoxide in control group showed that carbon monoxide slightly decreases from 6.13±3.36 before experiment to the first 5.40±4.55 after experiment, but significantly increases at time goes on since the first to the second 5.80±4.49, the third 6.73±4.03 and the fourth 8.33±3.54 after experiment (p<.05). This study intends to be used as basic data that prepare an alternative to smoking cessation for high-school girls’ health by determining the status of their smoking. Diverse researches on their smoking will have to be carried out to put forward ways that can fundamentally solve their smoking problems.

When surveyed the beauticians recognized the destructiveness of the beauty products used at salons about safety awareness and health self-awareness symptoms, the results are the following. First, singles aged below 25 occupied the largest portion, career at the salon were 1-5 years, and most of them were in the designers position. Second, most beauticians appeared to read the indications written on the beauty products and those who did not read the indications were more likely to feel subjective symptoms in cardiovascular and respiratory organs than people who read the indications. Third, most beauticians had difficulty in understanding the language written in indications and ingredients of the beauty products. Fourth, most of the beauticians have attended safety education in using beauty products and operating skills. Others who were not educated felt more subjective symptoms in eyes, ears, nose and other parts of the body. Fifth, most beauticians preferred safety educations to be held in product manufacturing companies or beauty related associations. Sixth, most beauticians complained about the symptoms of the spine and eyes when talking about their health problem experiences. According to the results, the beauticians recognize the safety awareness of beauty products, but not much education takes place. It is considered that the destructiveness of health following exposure to organic solvents due to unsuitable notation and usage should be decreased, usage of products should be observed well, and the inside air of salons should be ventilated periodically.

To clarify the cytotoxicity and protective effect of Perilla silkokiana Nakai (PSN) extract on nickel, an allergen of contact dermatitis (CD), cell viability was analysed by XTT assay after human skin fibroblasts (Detroit 551) were cultured in media containing various concentrations of nickel sulfate (NiSO4). And also, the effect of antioxidant enzyme, catalase (CAT) on NiSO4-induced cytotoxicity was examined. For the protective effect of PSN extract on NiSO4- induced cytotoxicity, Detroit 551 cells were pretreated with 50 or 70 μ g/㎖ of PSN extract for 2 h before the treatment of NiSO4. And also, the antioxidative effects of PSN extract were assessed by DPPH-radical scavenging activity and the inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation. In this study, NiSO4 significantly decreased cell viability dose-dependently compared with control. And the XTT50 value was determined at 110 μM of NiSO4. In the effect of antioxidant enzyme, catalase effectively prevented NiSO4-induced cytotoxicity by the significant increase of cell viability. In the protective effect of PSN extract on NiSO4-induced cytotoxicity, PSN extract significantly increased cell viability which was decreased by NiSO4-induced cytotoxicity, and also it showed the antioxidative effects such as DPPH-radical scavenging activity and the inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation. From these results, it is suggested that the cytotoxicity of NiSO4 was involved in oxidative stress, and also, PSN extract effectively prevented the cytotoxicity induced by allergen of CD, NiSO4 by antioxidative effect. Conclusively, PSN extract may be a putative resources as an antioxidant for oxidative stress-mediated skin disease via allergen of CD.

As modern society is going through a radical wave of industralization and is becoming more diversified than ever, hair loss population has been increasing regardless of sex and age, and hair loss is now considered as a serious problem. Thus this study examines the problem solving effect of scalp tonic and MTS on scalp·hair condition with females in their 20s and 30s who were often excluded as objects in hair loss studies. The purpose of the study is to suggest a standard for effective scalp care through this, and the meaning of the study is on making the results widely used as guidelines for scalp care programs. This study sampled 24 females of Seoul in their 20s and 30s for convenience, and the process of examination and experiment took place from June 21st 2011 to August 16th. In examination process, prior to the experiment, I investigated demographic features, life styles, eating habits, how they took care of their scalp·hair and their conditions as well by the means of questionnaire for homogeneity of the groups. In experiment process, I analyzed the scalp tone, hair density, and hair thickness before the experiment, after 4weeks and 8weeks of the experiment in order to examine the effect of using both scalp tonic and MTS on conditions of scalp·hair. The way of analyzing the data was to use SPSS v. 14.0 statistic program within 5% in level of significance. For examination process, frequency analysis, cross analysis, and analysis of variance took place, and for experiment process, I measured the scalp tone, hair density, and hair thickness by photographing the scalp as well as carrying out matching sample t-test and independent sample t-test.

This study of Craniosacral therapy was conducted to find out the effects of reducing stress and depression on elder people by balancing the autonomic nerve. they were taken brain wave and electrocardiogram measurements and the Korean geriartric depression and stress survey before and after the therapy. In this study, the analysis of data was performed with the following statistical analysis, using the SPSS 18.0 statistical program. First, geriatric Depression : there was a significant difference statistically (t=2.291, p<.05). In that, it is confirmed that Craniosacral therapy is effective for reducing depression level on elder people. Second, T4 on the average relative position of the Alpha wave increased from previous 0.220 to the last fourth recurrence of 0.278. Statistical test results showed no significant differences for each target (p<.05). Third, average heart rate decreased from previous 68.898 to the last four recurrence of 64.605 times. Statistical test results showed no significant differences for each target (p<.05). The above results have shown that (1)craniosacral therapy lowers the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and accelerates the activity of parasympathetic one, thus alleviating the stress. (2)The surveys of depression, stress and visual ideas showed that the therapy influences stress and depression.

Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) is a species of gram-positive anaerobic bacterium which can be found intestines of humans. B. longum, a potential probiotic used in the food industry, promotes the health of human intestinal tract by reduction of harmful gram- negative bacteria and toxic molecules. Also, B. longum has numerous biological effects, such as anti-cancer, activation of immune response and reduction of DNA damage. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has many adverse effects on skin, including inflammation, alteration in the extracellular matrix, cellular senescence and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of B. longum extracts against UVB-induced cellular damage in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). B. longum extracts at concentration 0.01 ~ 0.02% (w/v) did not affect cell viability in HDFs. When UVB-exposed HDFs were treated with B. longum extracts, cell viability was substantially enhanced in a dose -dependent manner. To investigate inhibitory effects against cellular senescence of B. longum extracts in HDFs, we performed SA-β-gal staining. UVB-exposed HDFs with B. longum extracts were decreased SA-β-gal positive cells approximately 40% at the concentration of 0.02% (w/v). Flow cytometry was used to determine changes of cell cycle in B. longum extracts treated- HDFs. UVB irradiation slightly increased the percentage of cell population in the sub-G1 phase. However, the proportion of cells in sub-G1 phase were decreased approximately 50% by treatment with B. longum extracts. These results suggest that B. longum extracts reduce UVB-induced cellular senescence and apoptosis in HDFs. Thus, B. longum extracts might be used as a potential agents for protection of UVB-induced skin cell damage.

It is a comparative research on facial skin condition of women in 30’ s according to intake of red ginseng which was famous for enhancement of immunity level, anti-oxidative activity, promotion of blood circulation. The experimental groups are total 21 women objects in 30’s which is divided into 7 persons for each intake group of 3 g of red ginseng, and 6 g of red ginseng, and they intake the daily amount of red ginseng in the morning before having breakfast once a day. It was observed the change of sebum, moisture, melanin, erythema, and skin color of each part such as forehead, left eye, right eye, left cheek, right cheek, and chin for 12 weeks. When observed the change of skin condition by averaged each part in face, since the sebum was resulted that G3 group increased 45% compared to Cont. group, and G6 group increased 51% compared to Cont. group, the difference between experimental groups are not significant. The moisture was resulted that G3 group increased 9% compared to Cont. group, and G6 group increased 13% compared to Cont. group, and then G3 group showed effect of second-thirds of moisture increase of G6 group. Also, melanin index change was resulted that G3 group decreased 11% compared to Cont. group, and G6 group decreased 13% compared to Cont. group, and then the difference between experiment groups was not significant. Erythema index change was resulted that G3 group inhibited 6% compared to Cont. group, and G6 group inhibited 9% compared to Cont. group, and then G3 group showed the effect of second- thirds level of erythema generation inhibition of G6 group. Like this, while it is indicated that red ginseng intake changed to measurement value of face skin positively, the increase of sebum and melanin generation inhibition was more economical in 3 g intake, and increase of moisture and erythema generation inhibition was indicated that 3 g intake effected of second-thirds compared to 6 g intake.

The purpose of this study is to investigate methodology to improve the rate of return in beauty industry. In the esthetic salon now growing rapidly, this study focused on the human resource management system on which the labor productivity and quality of service depends. For the effective HR management, dropping employee turnover rate plan is suggested. Data was collected from B esthetic salon of A cosmetic company. For this study, the survey in B esthetic salon and the case study in the same line of business are analyzed. According to the analysis, self development and industrial training influences to esthetician’s intention to change jobs and the relationship with a salon director has a decisive effect. With the survey result, case study of "C cosmetic company " and " D cosmetic company " suggested more realistic solution:strengthen the training system for estheticians and the salon directors. For esthetician training, attracting voluntary participation with "pre- training benefits after" system and providing the better training with the professional courses satisfies esthetician’s self development need and reduces the intention to change jobs. Professional expertise and management training courses improve the salon director’s HR management skills. On the basis of the analysis, through the practical resolution to drop an employee turnover rate of B esthetic salon, A cosmetic company’s stable growth in esthetic service industry is anticipated.

Recently researches in hazardous components of chemical cosmetic become active, and consumers interest is growing. And not only women’s but also men’s interest in the skin is increasing. Therefore in this experiment, targeting adult males who have oily skin, natural packs and soaps made by using materials in Mulberry leaves find improvement skins during 4 weeks(from 12 November 2011 to 10 December 2011). The control group used soap that does not contain Mulberry leaf powder(Control soap, CS), The comparison group, used soap that contains Mulberry leaf powder (Mulberry leaf Soap, MS), and washing 2 times a day every morning and evening. Both groups apply the pack in 15 minutes that does not contain Mulberry leaf powder(Control pack, CP) on the left face, and apply the pack that contain mulberry leaf powder(Mulberry leaf pack, MP) together on the right face. Differences between this group were compared and analyzed with control group using Mulberry leaf soap and pack together. As a result, the group who used the pack and soap containing Mulberry leaf powder(Mulberry leaf soap & Mulberry leaf pack, MP+MS), baseline in a fraction, roughness, pores, pigmentation was decreased significantly than the control group who used the soap and pack not containing Mulberry leaf powder(Control Pack & Control Soap, CP+CS)(p<.05). In the future, using Mulberry leaf powder will be considered new functional materials and will have great significance in terms.

The aim of this study was to investigate whitening effect of 4- hydroxy-2 (or 5)-ethyl-5 (or 2)-methyl-3 (2H)-furanone (HEMF). The antioxidant activity of HEMF was evaluated using in vitro 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) free radical assay. Inhibitory effects of HEMF against tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells were assessed in vitro to determine whitening effect. HEMF showed strong radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay. The SC50 (concentration that inhibits 50% of the DPPH radical) values of HEMF was 1.5 mg/L. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with B16 melanoma cells showed that HEMF was not toxic up to the concentration of 1000 mg/L. HEMF induced dose-dependent inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity showing 71% inhibition at a concentration of 250 mg/L. Various concentrations (2.5-50 mg/L) of HEMF also significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity in B16 melanoma cells by 20-65 %. In addition, HEMF significantly reduced melanin contents of B16 melanoma cells by 52 % at a concentration of 50 mg/L. These results suggest that HEMF could be an effective whitening agent.

The purpose of this study is to set an indicator for diverse peeling methods of using various Glycolic acid (GA) forms. The compared analysis of effects on skin moisture, oiliness, roughness, wrinkles, and pigments of middle-age women, along with test subject’s subjective assessments, and skin irritation symptoms were used in this study. In the first part of the study, a survey was done to find out the relationship between the internal and external causes that have effects on skin conditions. The analysis of facial skin conditions (moisture, oiliness, roughness, wrinkles, and pigmentation) from 30% GA liquid form group and 30% GA cream form group are as follows. As a result, it was found that, in moisturization, oiliness, wrinkles, and pigmentation, 30% GA cream form is more effective with increasing number of treatments than to 30% GA liquid form. As for change in roughness, it was found that 30% GA liquid form is more effective with increasing number of treatments than 30% GA cream form. According to the results of the study, it was evident that 30% GA cream form was found more effective in improving skin conditions, but in terms of anti-aging, they both showed positive results. Therefore, this study concludes that GA cream form is less irritating and effective in improving skin conditions for middle-age women in 30s and 40s, and believes it will have importance in making program proposal for the skin care industry.

Cosmetic scientists always effort to find new effective anti-aging raw materials. In the previous study, we reported that Phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (PhS1P) could have function as an anti-aging material in cosmetic through its role in the regulation of stress-induced growth arrest in dermal fibroblasts. In this study, in order to know the application for cosmetic raw materials, the nano- liposome contained PhS1P was prepared using microfluidizer (3 times, 1,000 bar), and tested in in-vivo human test using a finished product. The PhS1P nano-liposome was confirmed by a particle size analyser (the mean size is 158.4nm), SEM, HPLC, Percutaneous Absorption. It has shown that PhS1P nano-liposme was prepared successfully. In order to know the effectiveness of the nano-liposome on skin, we tested in in-vivo human test. The elasticity, thickness, and dermal density of applied skin was checked by using cutometer and Dermascan-C. The test results shown that the elasticity of skin was improved 15.87% after 2 weeks, 27.34% after 4 weeks, 31.57% after 8 weeks compared to unapplied skin. The thickness of applied skin was improved 9.51% after 2 weeks, 13.95% after 4 weeks, 17.67% after 8 weeks compared to unapplied skin. The dermal density of applied skin was improved 3.14% after 2 weeks, 3.77% after 4 weeks, 5.03% after 8 weeks compared to unapplied skin. There was no significant skin irritation on human volunteer test. These results show that PhS1P nano-liposome has a good anti-aging effect on human skin. Therefore, we suggest that PhS1P will be a good cosmetic raw material for anti-aging products.

This research evaluates the efficacy of cosmetic products manufactured by applying stem cell culture techniques. The results are obtained after analysing the characteristics of cells cultured in the medium and evaluating function of cosmetics and the effectiveness using MTS procedure. When culturing human skin cell and skin stem cell after manufacturing culture medium by mixing approved cosmetics ingredients, the growth and proliferation of cells were assured. Also associated with skin regeneration from cultured cells and cell function was remarkably improved. With the culture medium of skin stem cell, Skin essence was manufactured. This cosmetics showed outstanding improvement effect on skin condition at sensory test of skin moisturizing, anti-wrinkle, whitening at the time of its use. In addition, a clinical test was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the Skin essence by applying skin essence containing culture medium after MTS procedure used as a physical stimulation method in efficient absorption and delivery of cosmetic ingredients. After MTS procedure, application of skin essence was represented to reduce erythema amount of facial skin and significantly increase moisture content. We conclude that cosmetics including culture medium ingredients of skin stem cell promotes the regeneration of skin whitening and anti-winkle and improves the status of trouble by soothing skin irritation by MTS procedure. Futhermore, this cosmetics showed the striking cosmetic effect of improving skin condition by maintaining and increasing skin moisture.

Reynoutria elliptica is Asian as traditional herbal medication. In this study, we examined the Inhibition of melanogensis and anti-UV properties ethanol extract of R. elliptica. Total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of R. elliptica, the result was respectively 209.2 ±1.2, 83.4±2.0 mg/g. Electron-donating ability of ethanol extract of R. elliptica was in 400 ㎍/㎖ as 92.92±1.51%. Tyrosinase have suppress effect in a dose dependent. UV-blocking effect was also showed a strong UV absorption in the range of UV-A(350-370 ㎚). In addition we tested tyrosinase inhibition activity and melanin contents on SK-MEL-2. Tyrosinase was inhibited to 40% at the dose of 20 ㎍/㎖ and melanogenesis was inhibited was 30%. Overall, our results indicate that R.elliptica extract showed that the α-MSH-mediated upregulation of tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis were inhibited in the extract does dependent manner in Sk-MEL-2 cells. Hence, R. elliptica extract could be applied as a type of dermatological whitening and anti-UV agent in skin care products.

In this study, characteristics of leg edema that occurs when wearing high heels higher than 10 cm was investigated, and the calming effect of Manual Lymph Drainage (MLD) and rest on the leg edema were evaluated. After wearing the heels for 1h, edema index were increased to 5.3~6.7% and girths of the legs were increased to 1.0~2.3% (2.5~5.2 mm) at all positions. The results, ranked in ascending order with the degree of swelling, are as follows: ankle (2.3%), instep (1.5%), and calves (1.2%). In the control group, taking a rest for 1h, girths of the swollen legs was reduced from 1.0~2.3% to 0.6~1.6%, but there was very little changes in edema index. On the other hand, in the MLD group, girths of the legs swelled were significantly reduced to 0.1~0.8% compared with those before wearing the heels. Also, the visual analogue scale for edema and edema index were restored to the state it was in ever before edema induction. MLD took effect immediately. It means that MLD is one of the most promising therapies for relief of leg swelling caused by the wearing of high heels or the for periods of time.

This study has attempted to investigate changes in skin conditions (sebum, moisture and elasticity levels) aftergiving a skincare lesson to 10 elderly women 6 times in total for two (2) weeks and having them take care of their skin on their own twice a week for eight (8) weeks and find out how their self-Respect and life satisfaction have changed. In terms of analysis of skin conditions, Hydration (Corneometer, CM825), sebum (Sebumeter, SM815) and elasticity (Cutometer) were measured using the multi-process of MPA9 (C+K electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany). Using a questionnaire tool, self-Respect and life satisfaction were examined. Then, the following results were obtained: The Hydration, sebum and elasticity levels increased in four (4) and eight (8) weeks after self skincare, but no statistical significance was observed. In terms of self- Respect and life satisfaction, self-Respect increased from 31.90± 3.44 to 36.20±4.07 while life satisfaction increased from 66.80±8.71 to 71.10±7.49 in eight (8) weeks (p<.001).

The purpose of the present study is to observe the changes for cuticle’s layers by processing method of the liquid 1 in iron perm. In this study, hair sample obtained by women of 39 age and it manufactured natural hair, color hair and bleach hair as 10 pieces, respectively. The three hair apply by wave agent of iron perm after washing and drying, and then they equipped with heater, humidifier, heat gun, electricity cap and standing at room temperature, respectively. The following results on cuticle’s changes of hair were obtained using this equipment on the Sem. The cuticle’s damage of natural hair, color hair and bleach hair were observed after treatment of heater, humidifier, heat gun, electricity cap and standing at room temperature. The level of damage was the most high in electricity cap among the five methods and their epitheloum was broken and torn. The changes of cuticle’s layer in color hair and bleach hair showed higher than that natural hair. Specially, method standing at room temperature among the five methods showed the lowest damage. Collectively, various treatment methods on the hair were producted cuticle’s damage. Therefore, many efforts to reduce the damage are needed to maintain the ideal hair in the future.