Earticle

피부노화를 설명하기에 적합한 노화이론은 환경기인설(environmental etiology)이다. 그 중 자외선과 호흡을 통해 생성되는 활성산소(free-radical)는 피부노화에 가장 중요한 요인으로 간주되고 있다. 이렇듯 활성산소가 피부노화의 주요원인으로 밝혀짐에 따라 활성산소를 제거하는 항산화제, 즉 항산화비타민의 체내흡수가 피부노화를 예방하고 지연시키는 데에 중요한 연구과제가 되고 있다. 하지만 피부미용학적 연구에서는 피부노화를 예방하고 지연시키는 측면이 화장품을 통해 항산화비타민을 흡수케 하거나 매뉴얼테크닉을 이용한 외양적인 변화에만 목적을 두고 있는 실정이다. 유용성을 가지고 있는 화장품과 매뉴얼테크닉은 피부미용학에서 필요한 항목이다. 그러나 피부노화를 예방하고 지연시키는 측면이 화장품과 매뉴얼테크닉으로만 해결하려 한다면 곧이어 한계에 부딪치게 될 것이다. 피부노화란 본문에서처럼 생체 산화에 따른 외부변화현상이기 때문이다. 따라서 피부의 아름다움을 유지하고 관리하는 피부미용학적 연구에서도 피부의 외양적 관리와 함께 항산화비타민의 체내흡수도 병행되어야 할 것인데, 그러기 위해서는 항산화비타민의 체내흡수를 통한 피부의 변화양상에 대한 지속적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 이러한 연구가 이루어질 때에 피부미용학의 범위가 넓어질 것이며, 고객에 대한 전인적 관리도 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

A theory of aging proper for explaining skin aging is environmental etiology. Out of them, the free-radical, which is generated through ultraviolet radiation and breathing, is being regarded as the most important factor to skin aging. Free-radical leads to damaging skin cell and tissue, thereby resulting in speeding up skin aging that is characterized by reduction in elasticity, wrinkling, and revelation in liver spots & freckles. A method, which can prevent and delay this skin aging, is to inhibit free-radical or make antioxidant system strong. However, what inhibits free-radical, which is generated by breathing or external environment, is unreasonable. Accordingly, a method of making antioxidant system strong needs to be sought. In our body, the antioxidant vitamins(vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene) available for a supply from the outside to the inside of the body, are forming antioxidant system along with its enzymes(enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPX). These antioxidant vitamins are available for increasing quantity, thereby being able to allow antioxidant system in a living body to be strong by taking it. In addition, the antioxidant vitamins remove free-radical inside and outside of cell membrane, thereby having effect on aesthetics of inhibiting damage in collagen and elastic fiber and of preventing pigmentation and wrinkling in the skin. For this reason, the absorption in the body of antioxidant vitamins is becoming an important research task in preventing and putting off skin aging. Accordingly, in the aspect of preventing and delaying skin aging even in an aesthetics research of keeping and managing beauty in the skin, the customer management will need to be developed in line with it along with an extensive research of seeking for solution by grasping a fundamental cause for a change in the skin.

In the cosmetic industry, various moisturizing ingredients have been developed to improve skin dryness getting worse by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. However, there are no well defined studies about the actual hydrating ability and holding time of the moisturizing factors. In this study, we compared and investigated the efficacy of glycerin, hyaluronic acid and silicone oil (dimethicone), which are generally and most widely used as moisturizing ingredients in the cosmetic industry to improve skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Comparing skin moisturizing abilities before application and 30 minutes and 6 hours after application of six creams with or without glycerin, hyaluronic acid and/or silicone oil, the cream including both glycerin and silicone oil showed the highest moisturizing value and the longest holding time of hydration. The second on the result was the cream containing both hyaluronic acid and silicone oil, followed by the glycerin cream, hyaluronic acid cream and silicone oil cream. Comparing TEWL before application and 30 minutes and 6 hours after application of six creams with or without glycerin, hyaluronic acid and/or silicone oil, the cream including both glycerin and silicone oil showed the most decreased value of TEWL and the longest holding time. The second on the result was the cream with both hyaluronic acid and silicone oil, followed by the silicone oil cream, the glycerin cream and the hyaluronic acid cream. Although glycerin, hyaluronic acid and silicone oil affect increasing skin hydration and decreasing TEWL, our data showed that the product containing not only silicone but also moisture factors such as glycerin and hyaluronic acid is more effective rather than applying the product with silicone oil only. As a result, the product containing glycerin with hyaluronic acid and/or silicone oil showed the superior abilities to increase skin hydration and decrease TEWL. Therefore, we suggest that our results aid in the development of various moisturizers as the basic standards and more study should be conducted to investigate the efficacy of various moisturizers on human skin hydration and TEWL.

The formidable barrier property of the stratum cornemum and the high hydrophilicity of active ingredientmake it difficult to permeate through the skin and reach to its site of action. So the interest of cosmeticindustry is how to promote percutaneous absorption of active ingredients. The aim of this study wasto analysis and organize theses on percutaneous absorption of active ingredient. Physical penetrationenhancers on the skin permeation is iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, tape stripping, and soon. A physical penetration enhancer that has received greater attention lately is MTS (Microneedle TherapySystem). This therapy uses micro-needle which is equipped with very thin, delicate needles smaller than a0.07 mm thick hair. During this therapy, the micro-needle makes small holes and helps absorb the solutioninto the skin. But the penetration enhancers on the skin permeation that has received the greatest attentionsince 2005 is a hoof shape method, such as pH-responsive P (MAA-co-PEGMA) hydrogel, micelle, nanoemulsion, liposome, ethosome. Especially, theses on nano emulsion and liposome (including ethosome)hold a large majority. According to the theses, the ethosome exhibited more enhanced skin permeabilitythan general liposome and ethanol solution.

근감소증(sarcopenia)은 근육의 결핍과 근력의 감소로 정의할 수 있다. 최근 비만한 노인들에게서 저근육형 비만(sarcopenic obesity)이 두드러져 나타나고 있는데, 저근육형 비만이란 근육의 결핍이라는 ‘sarcopenia’와 비만의 ‘obesity’를 결합한 개념으로 제지방량이 적고 체지방량이 상대적으로 많은 것으로 설명할 수 있다. 노화에 따른 근육양의 감소로 그 결과 근육의 크기와 힘이 저하되는데, 이때 골감소증(osteopenia)을 동반하여 신체기능의 감소 및 장애를 일으키고 골절로 인한 사망의 위험성도 증가시키고 있다. 또한 노화과정에서 저근육형의 비만인 경우는 단순한 저근육형일 경우와 단순한 비만 일 때 보다 복부내장지방은 지방조직에서 염증성 사이토카인(cytokines)을 분비하여 근육의 감소를 가져와 체지방의 증가와 근육양의 감소로 체질의 변화를 일으켜 심혈관질환, 대사증후군(metabolic syndrome) 및 인슐린 저항(insulin resistance)등의 대사성 질환의 위험도가 올라가는 것으로 보고되어 있다. 따라서 최근에 새롭게 인식되는 근육양의 감소로 인한 근감소증을 동반한 저근육형비만의 예방은 성공적인 노화를 위해서 인구의 노령화에 따라 점점 증가되고 있는 성인병 및 만성 질환을 최소화할 수 있는 최선의 방법이라고 사료된다.

Sarcopenia is defined as the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Sarcopenic obesity is the combination of sarcopenia with obesity, which is an outcome of the aging process. Decreased muscle and strength, coupled with decreased bone mass, i.e., osteopenia, is related directly to increased risk of falls and fractures in the elderly. Sarcopenic obesity may have an even greater negative impact on health in the elderly than either sarcopenia or obesity alone. Obesity in aging is a major risk factor for chronic diseases due to its proinflammatory nature that underlies major age-related such as type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The most crucial fact in sarcopenia is that inflammatory cytokines produced by adipose tissue, especially visceral fat accelerate muscle catabolism, thus playing the causative role in the age-related muscle loss. Recent advances in our understanding on the prevention of the aging and age-related pathological processes highlight the importance of sarcopenic obesity Thus, a better understanding of sarcopenic obesity will provide scientific basis and justification for the doable interventions that may lead to successful aging.

본 연구는 고등학생에게 나타나는 손톱손상과 스트레스 요인 및 자아존중감과의 관계를 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고등학생의 2/3가 불안할 때 손톱손상과 관련된 행위를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 신체, 친구, 가족, 교사와 관련된 스트레스가 높고, 자아존중감이 낮을수록 손톱을 물어뜯는 손상을 많이 일으키는 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 학업, 교사와 관련된 스트레스가 높고, 자아존중감이 낮을수록 겹으로 벗겨지고 손상된 손톱상태가 많은 것으로 분석되었다. 이상의 결과에 의거하여 스트레스 대처와 자아존중감 교육프로그램 및 네일 샵에서 고등학생의 손톱손상을 관리해 줄 때에 일반적인 네일 관리와 함께 정서적 지지와 관심이 강화될 필요가 있다고 제언하였다.

This purposed of this study was to investigate a study of the relationship between nail damage and stressors and self-esteem of high school students. About 460 high school students residing in Gwangju and Damyang, 447(260 male students and 187 female students )who met the purpose of this study were selected as the subjects. The stress and self-esteem scales were used to investigate stress and self-esteem. The main conclusions of this study were as follows: First, it was analyzed that two-third of high school students showed nail-biting(onychophagy) and act of nail damage when they felt anxious. Second, there were significant differences(p<.05, p<.01) as a result of the analysis of the relationship between act of nail damage and stress and self-esteem. It was analyzed that stressors of physical(p<.01) ,friend(p<.01), family(p<.01) and teacher factor(p<.05) were high and the lower self-esteem, the more nail-biting act Stressors related to schoolwork(p<.01) and teacher(p<.05)were high, and the lower self-esteem, the more poor nail health condition. Therefore, it suggested educational program to cope with stress behaviors and reinforce self-esteem and needs of emotional support and concerns with general nail care for high school students by nail shop

본 연구는 컬러테라피의 적색, 청색, 녹색 세 가지 색을 이용하여 뇌파를 측정함으로써 뇌파의 변화와 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자, 건강한 20-40대의 성인 남녀 가운데 20명을 대상으로 하였다. 스트레스가 높은 집단과 낮은 집단 간의 색채 자극 전 뇌파를 분석한 결과 낮은 집단이 높은 집단에 비해 안정되어 있는 상태로 나타났다. 두 집단 간의 색채별 자극 전후 고 베타파와 알파파의 차이는 높은 집단이 낮은 집단보다 전후 반응이 크게 나타났으며. 색채에 따른 자극 전 후의 고베타파와 알파파의 차이에서는 적색은 긴장시키는 고베타파의 수치가 올라갔고 청색과 녹색에서는 알파파의 수치가 올라가 이완 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 컬러테라피에서 스트레스가 높은 집단이 낮은 집단보다 컬러에 따른 이완 혹은 긴장의 반응이 크다는 것을 제시하고 있다. 컬러테라피는 물리적 파동과 시각적 자극을 통해 중추신경계를 활성화시켜 심리적 변화를 일으키고 심신의 조화를 바로 잡아 줄 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

In this thesis, the three fundamental color components such as red, green, and blue are used to measure the changes in electroencephalogram before and after stimulating a person by these colors. For this survey, we selected a total of 36 healthy men and women. For color illumination, 20 out of 36 showing high and low stress levels were selected. It is remarkable to note that, before the color illumination, the low stress group is in a stabler state than the high stress group. After the color stimulations, the high stress group responded much more to each color than the low stress group. We present the responses of the brain waves as the averaged differences in the high beta and alpha that was obtained before and after color stimulations. As a consequence, red tends to raise the level of high beta, in other words, red is an indicative of strain or stress. However, green and blue seem to increase the alpha wave, which means the effect of relaxing or relieving stress. Therefore, our results suggest that, in the "color therapy", the high level stress people are more sensitive to the color itself, in other words, easily relaxed or strained. From our study, it is recognized that the central nervous system of the human body could be activated due to physical waves and color stimulations to reach a harmonious and peaceful state. As a concluding remark, it is highly required to figure out and in systemize appropriate color combinations for proper applications in color therapy.

This study has investigated elderly women’s interest in appearance, life satisfaction and depression and causal relations among them. For this, data on 286 aged women living in Gwangju have been analyzed using SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 7.0. The following results were obtained. First, elderly women’s interest in appearance was high when they were young, practiced a religion and had a spouse. Second, elderly women’s life satisfaction was high when they were young, practiced a religion and had a spouse, or if they were getting financial aid from their child or the government when they were living alone. Third, a statistically significant difference has been observed in elderly women’s depression in terms of age, educational background, religion, existence of spouse, type of residence and how to raise money to meet living expenses. Among the target subjects, 35.3% were suffering from depression. Fourth, elderly women’s interest in appearance had a positive effect on life satisfaction but negative effect on depression. In addition, their life satisfaction had a negative effect on depression. Fifth, life satisfaction had a mediating effect on the relationship between interest in appearance and depression. Therefore, reducing elderly women’s depression with diverse appearance change programs which are designed to respond to their interest in appearance and improve their mental health is suggested.

In this study, the mental, physical and psychological stress to the recipient of aromatherapy massage and suction investigated whether the effect of stress on. So far, all studies have shown that the effect was to relieve stress. Lavender has been used, particularly the most. Because aromatherapist thinks the chemical composition of lavender has soothing effects. The ordinary people feel difficulty to do aromatherapy. At that time, according to conventional mixing ratio is preferred. Reflection the individual’s preferences may also recombinant aroma oils. people can help for decrease own stress by recombining of aromatherapy oil for yourself. Ordinary person have to be careful when you have a aromatherapy massage time. Aroma oils are mixed with a base oil must be diluted no irritation. Specific disease, pregnant women need the help of an expert. Hormones can have endocrine disturbances. The scientific research about Aromatherapy should be continued because it is useful for solve anger, depression, anxiety and other emotional disorders.

본 논문은 1958년에 처음 창간된 (주)태평양 화장품의 미용 정보지인 향장에 실린 화장품 광고에 표현된 여성 이미지를 통해 시대에 따른 미적 가치 기준의 변천 과정과 더불어 사회․문화적 배경을 연구함으로써 화장품 광고에 나타난 사진을 분석하여 시대적으로 변모된 한국 여성들의 이미지 변천 및 화장문화 발달을 밝히는 목적으로 연구되었다. 연대별 표현된 화장문화의 경향 및 여성의 이미지는 1950년대에는 부드럽고 순종적인 이미지가 대표적이었으며 1960년대에는 깜찍하고 어려보이는 이미지의 표현시기였다. 1970년대에는 우아하고 품위 있는 이미지가 대표적이었으며 1980년대에는 고급스럽고 단정하며 개성 있는 이미지의 표현 시기였다. 1990년대에는 당당하고 활동적인 커리어 우먼의 이미지와 끼와 개성을 지닌 이미지들이 대표적이었으며 2000년대에는 자연스럽고 깨끗하며 변함없이 성숙한 이미지의 표현시기였다.

This is to study on is to identify factors of change in the image of Korean women as transfigured with the changes of times by studying the changing process of criteria of esthetic value and further the social and cultural background thereof with the changes of times through analysis of photos put in cosmetic advertisements through the image of woman expressed in cosmetic advertisements put in 　Hyang Jang, a beauty information journal which has been published by Amore Pacific Co., Ltd. since 1958. The makeup trend and the image of woman as expressed chronologically are In 1950s, that the typical image of woman was soft and submissive, In 1960s, this was time to express that the typical image of woman looked cute and young. In 1970s, the typical image of woman was elegant and graceful, In 1980s, time to express that the typical image of woman was classy, decent and personal. In 1990s, this was time that the image of a stately and active career woman and the image of a woman with talent and personality were highlighted, In 2000s, this is time to express that the typical image of woman is of naturalness, cleanness and maturity without any change.