Earticle

피부노화를 설명하기에 적합한 노화이론은 환경기인설(environmental etiology)이다. 그 중 자외선과 호흡을 통해 생성되는 활성산소(free-radical)는 피부노화에 가장 중요한 요인으로 간주되고 있다. 이렇듯 활성산소가 피부노화의 주요원인으로 밝혀짐에 따라 활성산소를 제거하는 항산화제, 즉 항산화비타민의 체내흡수가 피부노화를 예방하고 지연시키는 데에 중요한 연구과제가 되고 있다. 하지만 피부미용학적 연구에서는 피부노화를 예방하고 지연시키는 측면이 화장품을 통해 항산화비타민을 흡수케 하거나 매뉴얼테크닉을 이용한 외양적인 변화에만 목적을 두고 있는 실정이다. 유용성을 가지고 있는 화장품과 매뉴얼테크닉은 피부미용학에서 필요한 항목이다. 그러나 피부노화를 예방하고 지연시키는 측면이 화장품과 매뉴얼테크닉으로만 해결하려 한다면 곧이어 한계에 부딪치게 될 것이다. 피부노화란 본문에서처럼 생체 산화에 따른 외부변화현상이기 때문이다. 따라서 피부의 아름다움을 유지하고 관리하는 피부미용학적 연구에서도 피부의 외양적 관리와 함께 항산화비타민의 체내흡수도 병행되어야 할 것인데, 그러기 위해서는 항산화비타민의 체내흡수를 통한 피부의 변화양상에 대한 지속적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 이러한 연구가 이루어질 때에 피부미용학의 범위가 넓어질 것이며, 고객에 대한 전인적 관리도 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

A theory of aging proper for explaining skin aging is environmental etiology. Out of them, the free-radical, which is generated through ultraviolet radiation and breathing, is being regarded as the most important factor to skin aging. Free-radical leads to damaging skin cell and tissue, thereby resulting in speeding up skin aging that is characterized by reduction in elasticity, wrinkling, and revelation in liver spots & freckles. A method, which can prevent and delay this skin aging, is to inhibit free-radical or make antioxidant system strong. However, what inhibits free-radical, which is generated by breathing or external environment, is unreasonable. Accordingly, a method of making antioxidant system strong needs to be sought. In our body, the antioxidant vitamins(vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene) available for a supply from the outside to the inside of the body, are forming antioxidant system along with its enzymes(enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPX). These antioxidant vitamins are available for increasing quantity, thereby being able to allow antioxidant system in a living body to be strong by taking it. In addition, the antioxidant vitamins remove free-radical inside and outside of cell membrane, thereby having effect on aesthetics of inhibiting damage in collagen and elastic fiber and of preventing pigmentation and wrinkling in the skin. For this reason, the absorption in the body of antioxidant vitamins is becoming an important research task in preventing and putting off skin aging. Accordingly, in the aspect of preventing and delaying skin aging even in an aesthetics research of keeping and managing beauty in the skin, the customer management will need to be developed in line with it along with an extensive research of seeking for solution by grasping a fundamental cause for a change in the skin.

In the cosmetic industry, various moisturizing ingredients have been developed to improve skin dryness getting worse by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. However, there are no well defined studies about the actual hydrating ability and holding time of the moisturizing factors. In this study, we compared and investigated the efficacy of glycerin, hyaluronic acid and silicone oil (dimethicone), which are generally and most widely used as moisturizing ingredients in the cosmetic industry to improve skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Comparing skin moisturizing abilities before application and 30 minutes and 6 hours after application of six creams with or without glycerin, hyaluronic acid and/or silicone oil, the cream including both glycerin and silicone oil showed the highest moisturizing value and the longest holding time of hydration. The second on the result was the cream containing both hyaluronic acid and silicone oil, followed by the glycerin cream, hyaluronic acid cream and silicone oil cream. Comparing TEWL before application and 30 minutes and 6 hours after application of six creams with or without glycerin, hyaluronic acid and/or silicone oil, the cream including both glycerin and silicone oil showed the most decreased value of TEWL and the longest holding time. The second on the result was the cream with both hyaluronic acid and silicone oil, followed by the silicone oil cream, the glycerin cream and the hyaluronic acid cream. Although glycerin, hyaluronic acid and silicone oil affect increasing skin hydration and decreasing TEWL, our data showed that the product containing not only silicone but also moisture factors such as glycerin and hyaluronic acid is more effective rather than applying the product with silicone oil only. As a result, the product containing glycerin with hyaluronic acid and/or silicone oil showed the superior abilities to increase skin hydration and decrease TEWL. Therefore, we suggest that our results aid in the development of various moisturizers as the basic standards and more study should be conducted to investigate the efficacy of various moisturizers on human skin hydration and TEWL.

본 연구는 컬러테라피의 적색, 청색, 녹색 세 가지 색을 이용하여 뇌파를 측정함으로써 뇌파의 변화와 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자, 건강한 20-40대의 성인 남녀 가운데 20명을 대상으로 하였다. 스트레스가 높은 집단과 낮은 집단 간의 색채 자극 전 뇌파를 분석한 결과 낮은 집단이 높은 집단에 비해 안정되어 있는 상태로 나타났다. 두 집단 간의 색채별 자극 전후 고 베타파와 알파파의 차이는 높은 집단이 낮은 집단보다 전후 반응이 크게 나타났으며. 색채에 따른 자극 전 후의 고베타파와 알파파의 차이에서는 적색은 긴장시키는 고베타파의 수치가 올라갔고 청색과 녹색에서는 알파파의 수치가 올라가 이완 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 컬러테라피에서 스트레스가 높은 집단이 낮은 집단보다 컬러에 따른 이완 혹은 긴장의 반응이 크다는 것을 제시하고 있다. 컬러테라피는 물리적 파동과 시각적 자극을 통해 중추신경계를 활성화시켜 심리적 변화를 일으키고 심신의 조화를 바로 잡아 줄 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

In this thesis, the three fundamental color components such as red, green, and blue are used to measure the changes in electroencephalogram before and after stimulating a person by these colors. For this survey, we selected a total of 36 healthy men and women. For color illumination, 20 out of 36 showing high and low stress levels were selected. It is remarkable to note that, before the color illumination, the low stress group is in a stabler state than the high stress group. After the color stimulations, the high stress group responded much more to each color than the low stress group. We present the responses of the brain waves as the averaged differences in the high beta and alpha that was obtained before and after color stimulations. As a consequence, red tends to raise the level of high beta, in other words, red is an indicative of strain or stress. However, green and blue seem to increase the alpha wave, which means the effect of relaxing or relieving stress. Therefore, our results suggest that, in the "color therapy", the high level stress people are more sensitive to the color itself, in other words, easily relaxed or strained. From our study, it is recognized that the central nervous system of the human body could be activated due to physical waves and color stimulations to reach a harmonious and peaceful state. As a concluding remark, it is highly required to figure out and in systemize appropriate color combinations for proper applications in color therapy.

본 연구는 고등학생에게 나타나는 손톱손상과 스트레스 요인 및 자아존중감과의 관계를 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고등학생의 2/3가 불안할 때 손톱손상과 관련된 행위를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 신체, 친구, 가족, 교사와 관련된 스트레스가 높고, 자아존중감이 낮을수록 손톱을 물어뜯는 손상을 많이 일으키는 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 학업, 교사와 관련된 스트레스가 높고, 자아존중감이 낮을수록 겹으로 벗겨지고 손상된 손톱상태가 많은 것으로 분석되었다. 이상의 결과에 의거하여 스트레스 대처와 자아존중감 교육프로그램 및 네일 샵에서 고등학생의 손톱손상을 관리해 줄 때에 일반적인 네일 관리와 함께 정서적 지지와 관심이 강화될 필요가 있다고 제언하였다.

This purposed of this study was to investigate a study of the relationship between nail damage and stressors and self-esteem of high school students. About 460 high school students residing in Gwangju and Damyang, 447(260 male students and 187 female students )who met the purpose of this study were selected as the subjects. The stress and self-esteem scales were used to investigate stress and self-esteem. The main conclusions of this study were as follows: First, it was analyzed that two-third of high school students showed nail-biting(onychophagy) and act of nail damage when they felt anxious. Second, there were significant differences(p<.05, p<.01) as a result of the analysis of the relationship between act of nail damage and stress and self-esteem. It was analyzed that stressors of physical(p<.01) ,friend(p<.01), family(p<.01) and teacher factor(p<.05) were high and the lower self-esteem, the more nail-biting act Stressors related to schoolwork(p<.01) and teacher(p<.05)were high, and the lower self-esteem, the more poor nail health condition. Therefore, it suggested educational program to cope with stress behaviors and reinforce self-esteem and needs of emotional support and concerns with general nail care for high school students by nail shop

피부는 인체의 최외각에 위치하며 인체의 가장 넓은 면적(1.5-2m2)의 기관으로 환경 및 이물질에 대한 방어, 항상성조절, 항온조절, Vit D 생산, 재생, 분비 및 배출 기능을 한다. 피부는 표피, 진피, 피하지방 층으로 구성되며, 외부 유해물질의 침입을 방어하는 1차 방어벽인 각질층은 트리글리세라이드(triglyceride 43%), 지방산(free fatty acid 15%), 왁스(wax 23%), 스쿠알렌(squalene 15%), 콜레스테롤(cholesterol 4%) 및 콜레스테롤 에스테르(cholesteryl ester), 아주 미미한 양의 인지질과 당지질을 함유하여 건강한 피부상태를 유지한다. 건강한 피부는 피부의 각질화, 각질의 탈락, 수분의 상실, 피지와 땀의 분비 등 피부의 여러 생물학적 과정들이 서로 균형을 이루고 있는 상태라고 할 수 있으며, 연령, 성별, 건강상태, 스트레스, 식습관, 자외선 등의 영향으로 다양한 변화를 나타낸다. 피부 상태의 변화는 전체 피부톤, 피지(유분의 량), 수분의 량, 피부 pH, 색소침착, 중화능 등을 들을 수 있으며, 특히 기미, 주근깨, 흑자, 간반 등의 색소침착은 30-50대 여성에게 많이 나타나는 피부 이상 상태(장유신, 1982)로 조사되었다. 본 연구에서는 피부상태에 영향을 미치는 요인들 중 각질층의 유‧수분 상태(유분-피지, 수분-보습인자)가 피부에 미치는 색소침착에 대하여 피부 착색지수를 통하여 알아보았다.

This study was conducted to examine the effects of various factor on the healthy skin. The skin is located most in the quoin of the human body and is an agency of the area (1.5-2m2) which the human body is widest organ and defensively, homeostasis control, constant temperature control, vit D productive, remaking, secretion and exhaust function about environment and the foreign body. The skin composed of epidermis, dermis and subqutaneous, the horny layer which is a primary shield which defends the infiltration of the body; the glycolipid to contain and maintains the skin condition which is healthy the stamp which triglyceride 43%, free fatty acid 15%, the wax 23%, squalene 15%, the cholesterol 4% and cholesteryl ester. The skin which is healthy loss of falling off and the moisture of the keratinocyte , sebume and sweet secretion etc, the various living thing processes which skin condition balances. Age, sex distinction, health condition, stress, eating habits and ultraviolet, change of skin condition whole skin ton and quantity, skin ph of sebume and the moisture (type of minute quantity), pigmentation, there is a possibility of listening neutralization royal tomb etc. In condition (Jang, you-sien, 1982) of above the skin where hesitation, freckle, chloasma and stain, the pigmentation appears specially plentifully in 30-50 women is investigat. In this study, a convenient measuring tool, LaPROPE was used to measure the sebum and the moisture in the skin. Firstly, a verification test was firstly performed for validating LaPROPE. From the measurement value that obtained through Sebumeter and LaPROPE, it was founded that there was a significant correlation with each other(r=0.9). Based on this result, all measurements in this study were made using LaPROPE. The results of study indicated that the skin sebum and moisture mean showed a significant, negative relationship to age and SPI. The mean value of skin sebum and moisture mean was 7.61 for 30 age group, 7.65 for 40 age group, 6.40 for 50 age group. The value of moisture reduced significantly for the older than 50 age group.

In this study, the mental, physical and psychological stress to the recipient of aromatherapy massage and suction investigated whether the effect of stress on. So far, all studies have shown that the effect was to relieve stress. Lavender has been used, particularly the most. Because aromatherapist thinks the chemical composition of lavender has soothing effects. The ordinary people feel difficulty to do aromatherapy. At that time, according to conventional mixing ratio is preferred. Reflection the individual’s preferences may also recombinant aroma oils. people can help for decrease own stress by recombining of aromatherapy oil for yourself. Ordinary person have to be careful when you have a aromatherapy massage time. Aroma oils are mixed with a base oil must be diluted no irritation. Specific disease, pregnant women need the help of an expert. Hormones can have endocrine disturbances. The scientific research about Aromatherapy should be continued because it is useful for solve anger, depression, anxiety and other emotional disorders.

현대인의 탈모는 노화나 유전적인 요인뿐 아니라 각종 환경오염, 업무의 스트레스, 식생활 변화에 따른 호르몬 분비에 이상 등 후천적 요인의 영향이 증가하고 있다. 이에 국내 탈모 인구의 증가로 탈모 시장은 급팽창 하고 있으며 탈모 관련 산업은 성장기에 들어섰다. 탈모시장은 탈모관리제품, 기기, 관리실 및 의료 시술로 세분화되고 있으며 관련 신제품들이 속속히 개발되고 있다. 샴푸와 같은 화장품 시장의 규모가 가장 크지만 최근 의약외품이 속속 등장하고 있으며 홈쇼핑은 그 주요 판매 통로가 되고 있다. 병원 역시 의약품과 모발 이식 시장을 더욱 확장하고 있으며 관리실의 경우 전문 관리실에서 출발하여 현재 병원과 미용실에서 대체의학적 관리가 이루어지고 있다. 다양한 시장 변화를 이해하고 미용 산업에서 탈모 관련 시장의 합류를 모색하기 위해서는 전문적인 지식과 체계적인 관리로 차별화된 시술 및 고객 지향적인 마케팅과 서비스 등이 선행되어야 할 것이다. 미용실에서의 두피·모발 관리는 탈모 예방의 전초적인 역할을 하는 분야로 인식하여, 미용인들은 전문적 지식을 습득함은 물론 다른 분야보다 고객과의 친밀도가 높은 미용실에서 자연스럽게 고객 두피의 문제점을 인식하도록 유도할 수 있어야 한다. 또한 변화하는 고객 니즈에 맞추어 전문적인 관리 프로그램 개발로 만족도를 높이고 젊은 세대와 여성의 세분화 전략을 통해 환경 친화적인 관리시스템 도입과 대체의학을 접목한 다양한 매뉴얼을 모색해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

The concerns about healthy scalp and hair management are increased by improvement in living standard, which various scalp and hair management business is on the rise. Not only genetic factors, but also environmental one such as unhealthy eating habits, stress, drinking and smoking, increase acquired hair loss. Hair loss on young people and women grows larger so that arouse interest in scalp care. Accordingly, the domestic market for hair loss is repeating the high growth of every year 20-30% consequently. Although the medical product market is expected larger, the most part of the entire maket is non-medical product like shampoo, cosmetics and industrial products. With the spread of hair loss business, focus on research and development, natural therapies, introduction of traditional oriental medicine, In addition, various marketing strategies, the domestic market for hair loss will be expected to increase in the beauty industry.

The formidable barrier property of the stratum cornemum and the high hydrophilicity of active ingredientmake it difficult to permeate through the skin and reach to its site of action. So the interest of cosmeticindustry is how to promote percutaneous absorption of active ingredients. The aim of this study wasto analysis and organize theses on percutaneous absorption of active ingredient. Physical penetrationenhancers on the skin permeation is iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, tape stripping, and soon. A physical penetration enhancer that has received greater attention lately is MTS (Microneedle TherapySystem). This therapy uses micro-needle which is equipped with very thin, delicate needles smaller than a0.07 mm thick hair. During this therapy, the micro-needle makes small holes and helps absorb the solutioninto the skin. But the penetration enhancers on the skin permeation that has received the greatest attentionsince 2005 is a hoof shape method, such as pH-responsive P (MAA-co-PEGMA) hydrogel, micelle, nanoemulsion, liposome, ethosome. Especially, theses on nano emulsion and liposome (including ethosome)hold a large majority. According to the theses, the ethosome exhibited more enhanced skin permeabilitythan general liposome and ethanol solution.

본 연구에서는 여성 20대〜50대 이상을 대상으로 소비자가 화장품 전 성분 표시제를 얼마나 인식하고 있는지를 파악한 뒤, 화장품 구매 시 본인에게 맞는 화장품을 선택하는데 화장품 전 성분 표시제가 얼마나 영향을 미칠 수 있는가를 알아보기 위한 연구이다. 연구 결과는 대부분의 소비자들이 화장품 전 성분 표시제에 대해 잘 모른다고 응답하였으며 화장품 성분 표시제에 대해 알고 있어도 화장품 성분 표시사항에 대해 “전체적으로 표시가 있다”는 정도만 확인하는 소비자들이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 소비자들이 주의 깊게 살펴보는 표시사항의 요인으로는 제품의 명칭과 브랜드가 가장 높은 응답비율을 보였으며 그 다음으로 제조번호 및 제조년월일, 화장품 제조에 사용된 모든 성분 순으로 나타난 것을 볼 때 대부분의 소비자들은 제품의 명칭과 브랜드를 가장 중요시 여기고 있는 것을 알 수 있었으며 화장품 전 성분 표시제가 화장품 구매 시 많은 영향을 미치지 않는 것을 알 수 있었는데 이는 2008년 도입된 화장품 전 성분 표시제의 의무화 정책 실효성을 제고하기 위하여 고려해야 하는 점을 시사 하고 있다.

This work is to find out the effect of full ingredient labeling system of cosmetics on the cosmetic product selection when the women see if a certain kind that they purchase fits them after choosing a group of women at the age from the 20s to the 50s and analyzing how well they are aware of this system. According to the finding, most of the consumers responded that they did not know well what the full ingredient labeling system of cosmetics is. Though recognized by part of them, it was indicated that they were in the recognizable level only enough to say "There is an overall marking on the cosmetic ingredients," and this belonged to the highest percentile group out of the recognized users. Thus, there is yet to be improved on this system. The indicative part that the consumers pay attention to carefully was the product name and brand with the highest responding rate. The next was the production number and date and then all ingredients used for production of cosmetics. Judging from this fact, it can be inferred that many of the consumers regard most important the product name and its brand and that the full ingredient labeling system does not give much influence on their purchasing behavior for cosmetics. This implies that some should be taken into consideration to think over the effectiveness about the full ingredient labeling system of cosmetics which was adopted as mandatory by the government in 2008.