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The mentoring and culture of laboratory in the area of research ethics are very important in the manner in which they ensure the research integrity that contributes to the desirable conduct of research. Generally speaking, all researchers have had mentors. Mentors who may be advisors play a fundamental role in professional development. And they also play a formative role in the ethical development of students (mentee) in the manner in which professional values and ethical standards are conveyed, both consciously and unconsciously. Whether informally or formally structured, therefore, the goal of mentoring is to teach students and researchers about the scientific method, and to teach them how to conduct research responsibly. On the other hand, the culture of laboratory is also an important area of research ethics that has been highlighted continuously because it plays an important role in ensuring research integrity and good research results. Some values such as caring and mutual respect, trust, responsibility, fairness among members in the laboratory are a useful values to prevent conflicts that can occur in the laboratory. We can establish a desirable laboratory culture when professors as a mentor provide a good role model for students in the whole process of research.

The various ingredients have been used to improve the qualities and prolong the preservation in cosmetics. The preservative is considered as one of the most important ingredients to keep the cosmetics for long and also safely as it has anti-septic and anti-fungal functions. However, several previous studies have demonstrated that there are some potential factors causing allergies, and some issues related with side effects of cosmetic preservatives have been reported through various media. On the other hand, the government which has implemented detailed policies on the preservative uses in cosmetics still has insisted the safety of cosmetic preservative uses with some organizations. These lead to a great interest on the safety of preservatives in cosmetics. Therefore, this paper has researched and analyzed the official legislations and regulations, chemical properties and previous studies on cosmetic preservatives to give recent and correct information. Even though the government has enhanced the ingredients labeling performed with safety and quality managements on cosmetics lately, some studies still have demonstrated that preservatives can causes side effects. As an alternative to these preservatives, natural preservatives have had a huge attention lately. However, they are still required to get researched further in terms of safety. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to provide an updated overview on the occurrence of preservatives in cosmetics for the safe cosmetic uses to people.

The purpose of this paper is examining the trend of the natural preservative used in cosmetics receiving attention by recent well-being trend and suggesting base line data about natural plants having preservative effects. In korea, the raw material and limit of preservative used in cosmetics is designated strictly by Korea Food & Drug Administration and cosmetics companies manufacture cosmetics according to the rules. The problem of the existing preservative coming to the fore, the natural preservative to improve the safety and economic feasibility of the product is being developed. The study of the natural preservative was just getting into its stride after the Year of 2000. The raw material of the natural preservative is mainly both Korean native foliage plants with the antioxidant and antibacterial effect such as schisandra, chinese pepper, morus bark, scutellaria baicalensis, mume plant, saururus chinensis, artemisia capillais, anemarrhena asphodeloides, sophora flavescens solander exation and aroma essential oils such as grapefruit seed, rosemary, lavender, tee tree, sage, peppermint, german chamomile, lemongrass, lemon, thyme. In early days, the studies focused on verifying the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of those. Recently, however, the studies focused on improving preservation effects through blending those. But most of them are not commercialized because of the limit of natural plants, that is to say their color, odor, safety, narrow antibacterial spectrum. Several research has been done on the diverse natural preservative to substitute the chemical preservative at each research facility and manufacturing company, but we have to do tests on the safety and stability of natural plants considering not only their advantage but also their limits to use them in the manufacture of cosmetics.

Skin lightening is one of the most important effect of functional cosmetics, especially for the asian women. For this reason, many kinds of inhibitors of melanin synthesis by melanocyte have been developed since a decade ago. Although many kinds of melanogenesis inhibitors such as arbutin, ascorbic acid, extract of Licorice root or Morus alba and niacinamide were recommended as the standard component of the skin whitening cosmetics by Korean Food and Drug Administration, they are not always satisfactory to the many users. Mulberroside A, a main component of extract of Morus alba balk, can be converted into an aglycan named oxyresveratrol having a strong antioxidant and anti-melanogenesis effect using β-glucosidase. However, the glucose hydrolysis process using a soluable β-glucosidase is not suitable to convert Mulberrosie A into oxyresveratrol in a large scale procss because of the low reaction rate and high price. In this work, we developed a bioconversion process of oxyresveratrol production from Morus alba extract using enzyme named Accellerase®, which is an immobilized enzyme on the solid particle, and compared the tyrosinase inhibition effect of the extracts of before and after the bioconversion process. It was found that the inhibition effect of Morus alba extract to the mushroom tyrosinase was greatly increased by the bioconversion process and this effect was synergized when the extract was used with arbutin together.

The purpose of this study is to find the levels of self-consciousness, self-monitoring and skincare behavior of woman and to analyze the relationship between the levels of self-consciousness, self-monitoring and skincare behavior in an effort to strengthen external human beauty. The respondents were 370 women about 20-40 age attending in Korea, Chung-Cheong Province.In this study, a questionnaire method was used. The questionnaire consisted of SMS(self-consciousness scale), the(self-monitoring scale), and a measurement of the skincare behavior. Factorial analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis were carried out with SPSS 18.0. As a result of positive related to the skincare behavior was found to self- consciousness and self-monitoring. The personal self-consciousness was found that the best important to skincare behavior. Determining the correlations between self-consciousness, self-monitoring and the skincare behavior was useful in understanding the personal peculiarity of the skincare behavior. Moreover, in the cosmetic industry, it is likely meaningful to investigate the capability whether the variables of self-consciousness and self-monitoring can be applied in an effort to understand consumers’ internal character.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual health conditions of lip’s skin and oral mucosa which are playing an important role of aesthetic image in facial features. Targeting 579 residents in Seoul, Kyung-Gi province, and Jeju island, The survey was conducted from March to April in 2011. According to the results, 25.2% of those questioned said their lips and mouth-corner easily get chapped or cracked and 20% said they easily get stomatitis. In the case of chapped & cracked lips, the higher the fatigue degree, the more the frequency of dry skin and acne. When lips’ getting chapped or cracked, women reduced their meal portions. 53.5% preferred meat as a main collagen-supply source and only 5.5% purchased a medicine to take in Collagen. It was found out that cracked or chapped lips and stomatitis occurs frequently due to the change of season, the winter period, the lack of sleep, or stress. Additionally, as the fatigue degree was high, it showed hands and feet got cold. The cases founded out through the survey on the actual health conditions of angular labialis and oral mucosa would be listed in order of ranking as; Lips got chapped and rough, Lips got cracked, Gums bleed, The dead skin around lips, Recurrent infection on the mouth, Get an infection, Mouth corner has sore skin, A bad breath, Lips with unhealthy color. Through the result above, it was turned out that on the conditions of low body temperature and cold weather, many people with stress, lack of sleep and protein intake could easily get their lips and oral mucosa chapped and cracked.

In order to study about human skin anti-wrinkle effect of red ginseng, red ginseng extracts and the fractions were tested to inhibition effect against MMP-2, -9, and -1 expression in human fibroblast cells by gelatin zymography and RT-PCR methods. The red ginseng samples are red ginseng extract extracted with hot water, crude saponin as butanol soluble fraction, major ginsenosides, protopanaxatrol conversions, protopanaxadiol conversions as the fractions fractionated by C18 revers phase resin and various proportions of aqueous acetonitrile. We found that propanaxatriol conversions fraction one of the red ginseng samples inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner against MMP-2, and -9 expression levels in human fibroblast cells irradiated by UV light. By HPLC analysis, protopanaxtriol conversions fraction consisted on ginsenosides Rk3, F4, Rg6, and Rh4. These results suggest that dehydrates of protopanaxatriol ginsenoside from red ginseng have an antiwrinkle activity through inhibition of MMP-2, and -9 expression in skin.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of abdominal massage with aroma oils on constipation in elderly stroke patients. The design of this study was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 20 elderly stroke patients who were hospitalized at the K nursing Facilities, H geriatric hospital in Namyangju City. The experimental group (n=10) were treated aroma abdominal massage using essential oils with Sweet orange, Sweet marjorm, Rosemary, and Black pepper for 10-minute per day, 6 days per week for 2weeks (total 12 times of aroma abdominal massage), and the control group (n=10) received no treatment. The scores of constipation assessment scale (CAS), and the frequency of defecation per week, and the stool consistency, and the amount of defecation were measured. Data were collected for a week before the experiment, the first week of experiment, the second week of experiment, for a week after the experiment. The collected data were analyzed with Non-Parametic Statistics using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS 9.2) program. The findings of the study were as follows: The scores was significantly different between the experimental and the control group (p<.01). the experimental group was significantly decreased in the first treatment week (p=.0039) and in the second treatment week (p=.0039) and in the first observation week (p=.0098). The frequency of defecation per week was significantly different between the experimental and the control group (p<.05). The stool consistency and the amount of defecation were not significantly different between the experimental and the control group (p<.05). Based on the results described above, it can be considered that aroma abdominal massage is an effective on the constipation of elderly stroke patients.

The purpose of this study was to analyze influencing factors on the skin pigmentation of 30s and 40s of women. This survey was conducted to 100 adult women (in their 30s and 40s) in Seoul metropolitan city and Gyunggi province, Korea. Skin pigmentation were visually inspected for analysis by their type and quantity, so that they could be represented with skin pigmentation index (SPI). In this study, our subjects were divided broadly into low and high index group of SPI, and we investigated potential factors such as age, academic career, occupation, monthly average income, specialized skin care, anti-UV cream, exercise type and time, dietary habit, dietary behavior, nutrient intake, so that we could determine potential differences in each index depending on those factors. Notably, it was found that regular application of anti-UV cream for 4 seasons was effective in reducing SPI (F=2.988, p<.05). It was found that dietary habit was correlated with SPI in terms of a question item ‘I usually eat ice cream, cake, snack, soft drink (coke, soda pop) and processed food’ (t=-2.231, p<.05). In terms of potential associations between nutrient intake (as one of dietary behaviors) and each index, it was found that retinol (t=-2.520, p<.05) and riboflavin (Beta=-0.018, p<.01) were significantly correlated with SPI. Summing up, it is expected that these findings will be useful as reference material for effective and efficient care of skin pigmentation and through establishment of dietary habit and behavior based on good life habit and better dietary life.

The hydrogels being cross-linked polymer have been widely investigated as a cosmetic delivery system. Porous hydrogel of biopolymer comprise an important class of polymeric matters due to their interesting properties for potential applications including cosmetics. Porous hydrogel have a 3D hydrophilic polymeric structure, and their free spaces can be filled with cosmetic fluids. Since hydrogels are the polymers which swell in presence of water and they entrap cosmetic ingredients within their pores. Through this research, we prepared CS/PVA mask sheet by dispersion system of gases in liquids method. The CS/PVA porous hydrogel mask sheet was produced via gas in liquid dispersions with glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. The carbon dioxide gas that used 1% sodium bicarbonate was applied to produce the porous sponge structure. The morphology such as the pore size and porosity was examined via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE- SEM). The morphology of the sponge structure showed good pore distribution. The comparison of the swelling results showed the pH dependence of the swelling process. The degree of swelling for 5% lactic acid, distilled water, and 5% sodium hydroxide were 2117%, 1047% and 674%, and the degree of swelling of 95% ethanol was only 89%. The porous CS/PVA mask sheet has good response to change in pH of the external environment. These are scientific evidence for the potentiality in delivery of cosmetic active ingredients. All properties of porous CS/ PVA mask sheet were found to be enough to for the desired properties of a cosmetic products.

This study looked into difference in appearance management behavior in accordance with personal color awareness of single women of 20~30’s. Overall personal color awareness was 3.68, which is higher than average. The recognition status is that 70.1% of people did not exactly know what personal color is. Awareness in accordance with population statistical characteristic was higher for people who are more open minded or have a friend of opposite sex. They rarely had any diagnosis experience. Overall appearance management behavior was highest for skin. The difference in appearance management behavior of makeup was highest in 20’s and of hair, cosmetic surgery, skin behavior was highest in 30’s. Overall appearance behavior management was high if they were open minded, have a friend of opposite sex. Difference in personal color awareness in accordance with appearance management behavior was sorted into a high group and a low group. Overall appearance management behavior and sub factor, such as make-up, hair, and skin-related behavior, was higher in the high group. Also, in accordance with recognition status, overall appearance management behavior and sub factor, such as make-up, hair, and skin-related bahavior, was higher. Furthermore, makeup and hair-related behavior was higher in accordance with diagnosis status.

In this study, it would lead to desirable maintain act after weight loss of the 20-30 women’s. This study was analyzed to collect data for 407 women who living in Seoul. We compared and analyzed the subject’s response of stages of change, such as process of change, decisional balance, self efficacy. According to the results of this study, conclusions and discussion are as follows. First, Exercise and diet combined ratio was the highest in the Stages of change except the pre contemplation phase (p<.001). Exercise time was less than 30 to 60 minutes was the most common response (p<.01). Second, according to the result of the study, there was a significant difference between cognitive process and behavioral process (p<.001). Third, according to the result of the study, there was a significant difference between pros and cons of the decisional change (p<.001). Fourth, self efficacy according to the stages of change was improved gradually depending on the transition to the maintenance phase (p<.001). Finally, maintenance costs (p<.001), time (p<.001), age (p<.05) and the correlation between self-efficacy has been established. Between cognitive processes and age were correlated (p<.01). Also maintenance costs, time and cognitive processes got the same result (p<.001).

The primary purpose was to analyse the immediate (post-test1) and one-day follow up (post-test2) effectiveness of massage treatment session. A secondary purpose was to analyse factors predicting fatigue, satisfaction, and health related quality of life (QoL). Experiments were conducted three hundred and sixty one participants from the age 20 to under 60 women living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Questionnaires were administered at post-test1 and post-test2, followed by outcomes assessment. As a result of this study is as followings. Respondents reported an average health status level of (3.3±0.9) on a 5-point scale, including stress (2.7±1.0) and fatigue (2.6±1.0). Statistically increases in mean scores (indicating improvement) for satisfaction were observed after treatment: physical satisfaction (3.68±0.60 vs 3.83±0.63, p<.001), mental satisfaction (3.68±0.59 vs 3.78±0.61, p<.001). But fatigue scores were statistically significantly different: physical fatigue (3.47±1.10 vs 2.16±0.71, p<.001), mental fatigue (2.67±0.10 vs 1.90±0.61, p<.001). Immediately after treatment session, fatigue scores were increased and then the one-day after followed significantly decreased. These findings suggest that massage therapy is an effective care service in reducing perceived stress and fatigue and, improving a feeling of wellness, promoting a QoL in women, even though some transient fatigue may caused by after treatment session. There is a need for further research to evaluate the effects of on fatigue-related factors with physiological massage treatment. These results suggest that this study may provide a base line data to analyze customers needs and improve quality of service.

The influence of structural differences has been analyzed in detail to fulfill the purposes of understanding the adsorption behaviors of chitosan beads. It has an artificial sebum absorption character of chitosan beads according to drying methods. This paper has a focus to identify supported function of chitosan beads through the artificial subum adsorption. In the present study chitosan beads were prepared by simple water-in-oil (W/ O) emulsion. Aqueous chitosan solution and toluene were used as water and oil phases, respectively. Two kinds of chitosan beads obtained from different drying process were investigated in surface area, hardness, surface amine content and morphological structure. And to find the specific surface area and morphology, we performed BET measurement and SEM observation. Chemical analysis have also examined by picric acid titration. Caprylic / capric triglyceride was used as a model artificial sebum, Finally, we have compared the artificial sebum absorption of two kinds of chitosan beads. The result of sebum adsorption showed that the beads dried by lyophilization was 1.98 times higher than those from solvent dehydration. It was noted that the sebum adsorption properties were attributed to the capillary phenomena of sponge structure. Therefore, these chitosan beads can be used to soak up sebum produced by sebaceous oil glands from acne-prone skin.

This study set out to investigate the effects of Er-Miao-San extracts to which the same amount of Phellodendri cortex (P. cortex ) and Atractylodis japonica (A. japonica ) was added on the proliferation in HDFs and also the synergistic effects of Er-Miao-San prescription. For that purpose, the study looked into DPPH radical scavenging, WST assay, cell proliferation rate, cell doubling time, and cell migration. The DPPH radical scavenging results show that Er-Miao-San extracts recorded the most excellent anti-oxidant effects compared with hot water extracts when being treated with high concentration 2 mg/mL in 70% ethanol. In the WST assay experiment, it was confirmed that Er-Miao-San extracts had the highest cell viability compared with P. cortex and A. japonica and increased the cell proliferation rate depending on the concentration. As for the cell doubling time of Er- Miao-San extracts, P. cortex and A. japonica , Er-Miao-San extracts was the shortest at 12 hours and 44 minutes at 500 μg/ mL. In the cell migration experiment, Er-Miao-San extracts proved faster cell proliferation than P. cortex and A. japonica . From these results, Er-Miao-San extracts recorded the highest effects of anti-oxidant scavenging activity, cell viability, cell proliferation rate, and cell migration compared with P. cortex and A. japonica , showed adequate potential for application in cosmetic production and related industries as well as a functional material.

The purpose of this study is to estimate about emollient effect of avocado oil on human heels and elbows which are in dry condition. The number of study participants were 34, including 16 study group and 18 control group. The study was performed under nonequivalent control-group pretest quasi experimental research design. The subjects in study group applied avocado oil mist on their heels and elbows twice a day in the morning and evening for 7 days. The ones in control group applied the mist without avocado oil in same methods. After completion of experiment, the emollient effect of avocado oil was estimated by the moisture measuring instrument in both groups. There is significant emollient effect of avocado oil on elbows but non- significant on heels. The subjects felt moisture and emollient sense on their elbows and heels themselves. Conclusively, the emollient effect of avocado oil was different in quantity between the elbows and heels. Because heels is thicker and drier than elbow, much longer application of avocado oil and supportive method such as scrubbing is required to get emollient effect on heels.

This paper finds out about usage of sunscreen in adult-onset-acne skin types and through the experiment, we have observed the difference in washing methods depending on the mineral UV protection ingredient which is known to have pore obstructivity and sunscreen with various SPF ratings. An advance online survey was conducted to 1,063 men and women with adult-onset-acne skin and aged over 25 years. This online survey was to investigate research subjects general characteristics, sunscreen usage, facial cleansing habit, and recognition on double facial cleansing. Moreover, the amount of residue of titanium dioxide which is mineral UV protection ingredient showing white color in black bioskin plate of skin model and zinc oxide was measured by spectrophotometer through its brightness value depending on the changes of facial cleanser. According to the sunscreen usage research, among 1,036 research subjects, 855 people (82.5%) answered that they are using sunscreen products and 181 people (17.5%) answered that they do not use sunscreen products. They purchased sunscreen products based on internet research and texture and perceived that they need double facial cleansing because of their worries that UV protection ingredients may remain on skin. In regards to the facial cleanser for double facial cleansing, they preferred the combination of cleansing oil and cleansing foam the most. In the bioskin plate test, for removing mineral sunscreen SPF 15, use of cleansing oil alone and double facial cleansing methods were both appropriate but the sole use of cleansing foam was inappropriate. For removing mineral sunscreen SPF 30 and SPF 50, double facial cleansing was the only appropriate method.

In this study, we investigated effects of the Strawberry plant body (SPB) extracts on the improvement of whitening and wrinkle. We confirmed effects of SPB extracts on UVB-exposed hairless mice to measure changes of skin conditions. The cream containing SPB extracts significantly decreases erythema index and melanin value on UVB-exposed hairless mice. Also, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was significantly decreased in experimental group using cream containing SPB extracts on UVB-exposed hairless mice. UVB irradiation induces the expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in skin tissue. The up-regulation of MMPs enhances degradation of collagen and induces skin aging. The cream containing SPB extracts significantly decreases contents of MMP-2 and MMP9 on UVB-exposed hairless mice. These results suggest that SPB extracts might be used as a ingradient for improvement of whitening and wrinkle on UVB-exposed skin.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of oils derived from natural plants such as red ginseng, jojoba, avocado on skin of female group with poor healthy conditions. The mist containing oils from natural plants were treated to the 48 female with old and poor healthy conditions in 3 hospitals at C, K and P cities. The subjects were divided into 4 groups; control(10 individuals), red-ginseng oil(16 individuals), jojoba oil (13 individuals), and avocado oil(9 individuals) treated-groups. Before experiment, survey a questionnaire and measurement of moisture level on target skin were made. Mists contained 3 types of oil and 1 type of oil free were applied to same skin areas, both elbows and heels, at 2 times, in the morning and evening for 2 weeks. Only the moisture level on target skin areas was measured at day 7 after experiment. However, survey of a questionnaire about satisfaction was made after use of oil contained mists and moisture level of same skin areas was measured together at day 14 after experiment. The results showed that the moisture level of both elbows got significant increase statistically at 1 week later of experiment, but it had same result on both heels at 2 weeks later. After experiment, the level of satisfaction on their own skin was statistically significant increased about improvement of dry skin, being functionality, and helping on skin troubles. Conclusively oils derived from natural plants had improving effect on dry skin. Further, study would be considered with old women in healthy conditions.

The study aimed to provide a practical basis for implementing effectual marketing approach to satisfy silver generation consumer’s needs and to generate business profit by examining the collected data. 400 questionnaires distributed to silver generation women aged over 55 were collected to investigate the interest level in cosmetics and to analyze the cosmetic usage in accordance to age-specific and interest level. The results were as follows. First, the interest in make-up and functional cosmetics has increased. The usage of functional cosmetics was high in women aged in 70s, and the usage of functional and color cosmetics appeared to be higher in a group that expressed high interest in make-up. Second, the younger silver women group applied multiple steps of basic make-up and that the usage of Essence cosmetics has gradually increased. Third, the usage of whiting cosmetics appeared high in women aged in 50s, followed by 70s and 60s. With higher interest in make-up, the usage of whiting cosmetics was high. In the analysis of the usage of functional cosmetics in accordance to the age-specific interest level in make-up, the usage of whiting cosmetics was high in the low interest level women aged in 50s, and the usage of sunblock was high in the middle interest level women aged in 60s. Fourth, the positive intention to participate in education or training for cosmetic quality and instruction was particularly active in the lowest make-up interest group. As such, it is assumed that the innovative marketing strategies of cosmetics for silver generation women who were considered as a latent demand group are necessary and that differentiated-effective marketing and sales strategies for silver generation women who especially expressed high interest in make-up need to be developed.

The present study was to evaluate the effect of the complex reagents containing kaolin, adenosine and plant extracts for human facial improvements such as pore, sebum and keratin minimization. Twenty-one volunteers were subjected to analyze the effects, and each results was determined by treating the reagents on their faces in three times. The results showed that the number of pores on faces were significantly reduced more than 20.78% by treating the reagent as compared to the number of pores on untreated control faces. Also the amount of serum and keratin in faces were reduced by 74.86 and 3.43%, respectively. In addition, we further demonstrated that the levels of the skin moisture, elasticity, texture and brightness were meaningfully improved after treatment of the reagent by 89.77, 17.91, 13.65 and 1.59% respectively. Moreover, we knew that the reagent had not any statically significant effects on skin soothing and pigmentation. Survey analysis showed that the volunteers had highly satisfaction on the reagents. Collectively, the results indicated that the kaolin and adenosine-based reagents have an improved effect on facial skin, and are able to use to novel cosmetic reagents in the related industry.

This study conducted a comparative analysis of career perception of beauty high schools’ students and teachers and the actual condition of career guidance in beauty high schools for the purpose of suggesting the ways of activating career guidance. The participants consisted of 436 beauty high school seniors and 89 beauty teachers who are working in high schools. The results indicated that the students surveyed haven’t decided their career path after graduation for sure yet. In addition, the students and the teachers took quite different positions in career decision by answering that the students speak to their parents while the teachers consult with students’ homeroom teachers. The research shows that there is a huge difference between students and teachers in the way each perceives a career counselling. For instance, 63.3% of the surveyed students said they didn’t have a chance to get a career counselling and 91% of the questioned teachers said they consulted with students about future career. Futhermore, 42.7% of the surveyed teachers tends to give high priority to the students’ personality guidance rather than career guidance and 52.7% of the questioned teachers had never attended career guidance workshop. In conclusion, the research shows that there is a huge difference between students and teachers, so systematic career guidance should be carried out based on participation in both students and teachers. In order to activate career guidance in beauty high schools, it is necessary to develop the aptitude test program to help choose between getting a job and entering university as well as the career guidance program for beauty high school students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Manual Lymph Drainage (MLD) and Swedish Abdominal Massage (SAM) on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and constipation in university student with psychological stress and constipation. The subjects were 26 university students and each person was randomly assigned to MLD and SAM group. We measured the activities of ANS using the Electrocardiogram (ECG) and checked the scores of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and frequency of evacuation at pre, and after treatment for 4 weeks. The post-treatment LF, LF/HF rato were significantly higher in the MLD group than in the SAM group (p<.05). A comparison of STAI between groups indicated a significantly greater reduction in anxiety for MLD group (p<.05). These results suggest that MLD produces long-term positive change in parasympathetic nerve activity.