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This paper examined the meaning, types, characteristics and limitation of copyright as a type of intellectual property which researchers had often faced in the process of presenting and publishing research results. Especially it is focused on some important contents of copyright which researchers must understand in view of research ethics. According to the Korean law of copyright, copyrights are exclusive rights granted by the law system that allow the authors of original works to make copies of the work, make other works derived from the original work, perform or display the work, and distribute, sell, or rent copies of the work. People who perform any of these actions without the permission of copyright holders violate copyrights. Original works include written works, such as books, papers, software, databases, and poems; performances, such as plays or dances; audiovisual recordings, such as movies, music, photographs, and televisions shows; and artistic works, such as paintings and sculpture. A work can be original without being new or novel because the author is the first person to put the work into tangible form. A copyright extends for the lifetime of the author(s) plus 70 years, and may be renewed. It’s very important that researchers should have correct knowledge of copyrights in order not to violate copyright in relation to research ethics. To this end, researchers must practice fair use in compatibly with fair practice within a reasonable limit.

Due to the increase of the number of people who are losing their hair, thehair-loss related industry in Korea has entered its growth phase after seeing an explosive growth in the hair-loss market. The Korean hair-loss market is composed of sub-sectors such as the hair management products, hair management services, hair-loss treatment, wigs, and hair implantation. As for the hair-loss treatment, the chemical loss preventers include two different kinds, which are 5a-reductase inhibiting oral Finasteride and Minoxidil for application on the skin as a blood vessel expender. However, the status of the users return to their original conditions when they cease to use these products, and there are adverse events reported, such as dermatitis. Based on such a trend, now the people look for something more natural. Natural hair-loss preventers include those based on medicinal plants, which have been used for various treatment since long ago. They are mainly compose of herbs, spices, and oriental medicinal products, boasting superb medicinal effects. When applying essential oil, the scalp and the hair are subject to its effect at the same time. As a result, the treatment gives relaxing effects and promote metabolism to remove keratin and dandruff through physiological actions. Such effects are contributing to the development of many natural materials that are familiar to us. And, it is our purpose to provide material for future studies and examine the research trends for medicinal plants, esculent plants, Essential oil, and others.

The purposes of this study are to subdivide the beauty care department students, to look into individual dimensions in health care and scalp/hair care of subdivided groups by the hair loss cause variable, to understand the presence of differences in scalp/hair care by the subdivided group, and thereby to suggest the practices for effective hair loss prevention and proper scalp/hair care and for keeping and improving scalp/hair health. For the study, questionnaire surveys were conducted February 28 through March 14, 2011, with the subjects of beauty care department students at 2-year or 4-year colleges or graduate schools located in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. The collected data of 347 copies were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 for frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, and variance analysis. According to the findings, the hair loss cause variables were divided into the factors of scalp conditions, stress, dietary habits, hair conditions, family history, drinking/smoking, while health care dimensions were classified into active health care and passive health care, and scalp/hair care dimensions were arranged into personal care and professional care. Types of hair loss cause variables represented well the characteristics among the groups when the number of groups was set to four, and the groups were named and subdivided into four types of scalp/hair type, dietary habit type, drinking/smoking type, and family history type, in consideration of factor scores and characteristics of individual groups. The presence of drinking/smoking factor in the subdivided groups showed significant differences among the four groups, and the group of drinking/smoking type was more likely to be exposed to drinking and smoking than the other groups. The comparison of health care factors among the subdivided groups showed that dietary habit type group recorded the low average value in the case of active health care factor and scalp/hair type group recorded the high average value in the case of passive health care factor. The comparison of scalp/hair care factors among the subdivided groups showed that dietary habit type group recorded the relatively low average value in the case of personal care, indicating the absence of active personal care for scalp/hair health, and significant differences existed among the subdivided groups, however, with the identical results at the post verification. in the case of professional care. The study findings showed that there existed differences in health care and scalp/hair care among the subdivided groups by the hair loss cause variable.

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of Evodia officinalis extracts for cosmetic applications. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and nitrate scavenging activity of the extract (400 ug/ml) of Evodia officinalis were 91.02 and 54%, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity of these extracts were higher than of BHT (standard antioxidant). The inhibition effect of the extracts on ROS production was examined in H2O2-treated HaCaT cells. ROS production was significantly inhibited by the extracts of Evodia officinalis (27.5%). These inhibition effects were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Protective effect of extracts on HaCaT cells against H2O2, rotenone, and paraquat were investigated. Evodia officinalis showed protective effect against cell death of HaCaT cell induced by H2O2, rotenone, and paraquat significantly. Anti-inflammatory effect by inhibition of NO production was examined in RAW264.7 cell. Experimental results show that the NO generation is suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner These Evodia officinalis extracts were tested against Staphylococcus. epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pityrosporum ovale and along with Propionibacterium acnes, Malassezia furfur and Candida albicans which causes skin inflammation. Paper disc assay and MIC tests were carried out the various concentrations of extracts. The extracts of Evodia officinalisA displayed effective growth inhibition against S. epidermidis, P. ovale, M. furfur, with MIC value S. epidermidis (25 ㎍/㎖) P. acnes (12.5 ㎍/㎖), P. ovale (50 ㎍/㎖), M. furfur (50 ㎍/㎖). The overall results of this study indicate that the Evodia officinalis have the possibility to develop as cosmetic sources for skin anti-oxidant, skin anti-aging and treatment of skin-related diseases.

사설기관에서 파견한 영어방문교사가 담당하고 있는 현재 유치원 영어교육에 대한 대안으로 최근 담임교사가 영어수업을 담당하는 방안이 제시되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 담임교사가 영어그림책과 노래를 활용하여 진행하는 영어수업을 관찰하여 영어수업의 교수방법과 유아의 영어습득 양상을 알아보는 것이다. 연구현장은 유치원 방과후 과정반이며, 참여유아는 방과후 과정 4, 5세 혼합반 중에서 영어사교육을 받은 경험이 없는 6명이며, 담임교사는 유아교육과를 졸업한 후 담임교사경력이 5년째이다. 주 2~4회 1회 20분 정도, 17차에 걸쳐 진행되는 수업에 대한 녹화자료와 수업전후에 이루어진 유아 면담자료, 그리고 교사 면담자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과 담임교사는 유치원 다른 일과시간과 다른 학급을 활용하여 영어교육을 통합적으로 운영하였으며, 보다 전문성을 갖고 유아들이 몰입할 수 있는 교수활동을 구성하였다. 한편, 유아들에게 제공되는 영어입력이 녹음자료에 의존하는 비율이 높았으며, 언어적 상호작용을 영어로 진행하는데 있어서 제한점이 드러났다. 유아들은 노래형태로 반복적으로 제시되는 본문자료에 대해서 따라하는 반응을 보였으며, 유아들의 적극적인 참여가 필요한 게임 상황에서 교사와 또래의 도움으로 영어로 두 단어 발화를 하였으며, 새로운 어휘를 습득하였다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the teaching and learning processes of the English class in kindergarten, in which the class teacher, not the teacher from a private institute, is in charge. This study observed six 4 and 5-year-old children in after-school class. The data were collected through participant observations, teacher interviews and children interviews, and analyzed qualitatively. Seventeen 20-minute English classes were video recorded and interviews with teacher and children were audio recorded. The findings of this study are as follows. First, class teachers were able to use some resources in the kindergarten such as some time other than English class, and the children in other class, and were capable of devising some engaging instructional strategies for children. Second, while much of the English language input was dependent on the texts, songs, and media, language interactions between the teacher and the children were mostly done in Korean. Third, children joined singing when they heard the songs, which does not necessarily mean they understood the song lyrics. Fourth, children learned to say two-word utterances and to acquire new vocabularies while they played card games with the aid of a teacher and more capable peers.

Remaining moisturizing effect on the skin is one of the important functions in cosmetics. Moisture contents of stratum corneum are directly related to the skin roughness and flexibility. Horse oil contains an unsaturated fatty acid up to 65% and known as excellent penetration and skin moisturizing effect, maintaining healthy skin and skin protecting action. The purpose of this study is to determine how to make horse oil liposomes, cosmetics formulations and moisturizing effect of products. Liposomes pass through cell membrane because they composed of phospholipid. The researcher made horse oil to liposomes, for more easier skin absorption of effective components. The researcher used soy lecithin, tocopherol and natural emulsifier to make horse oil liposomes. Liposomes are made various sizes by manufacturing method and lipid purity. But if the size of liposomes is too small, it is not easy to get to the dermis. Because small size of liposomes is almost absorbed to the keratinocytes. For reach to the dermis, the size of liposomes is 100-300 nm. This study measured a size and pH of the horse oil liposomes. The researcher gathered data for cosmetics formulation and moisturizing effects of products made by horse oil liposomes. Interestingly, the point of view in moisturizing effects, cosmetics made by horse oil liposomes are arised incredible outcomes. This research showed that the horse oil and horse oil liposomes are possible to use cosmetics.

It is a human’s instinct to decorate and beautify his/her body. Covering defects with diverse materials and making merits stand out as a cultural behavior are the talent that humans have. So far, esthetic behavior has been recognized as the sole domain of women. Entering the modern times, however, men’s interest in beauty started to emerge as a critical issue which creates endless economic values in beauty industry. As beauty products become popular among men, and more men begin to buy their cosmetics, the production scope and amount of cosmetics have rapidly changed. Now, it is not hard at all to find a man in a beauty salon which pursues total fashion. With the growth of nail industry and increase of men’s interest in nail care, it is needed to examine consumers’ perspective on men’s nail care and figure out its effects on purchase intention. From this standpoint, this study is meaningful and significant. This study attempted to investigate consumers’ view on men’s nail care and its effects on purchase behavior through a questionnaire survey on 264 young adults (aged 20-30s) living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Nail-related health behavior, men’s interest in nail care, consciousness and difference in consciousness between men and women were individually analyzed. The survey revealed that a general view on men’s nail care was positive. Even though it is understood that men’s nail care is necessary as a part of appearance management as appearance becomes more important in men’s social life, many of them were reluctant to visit a nail care shop on their own. To boost men’s nail care industry, therefore, it is critical to derive men’s latent instinct for nail care and build men’s nail care-friendly environment to make men visit a nail care shop with in a comfortable and natural manner.

The reason why Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generate in a cell is harmful substances from exteriorcell. In the human body, most of the free radicals disappear by creating an oxidation inhibitor. But oxidativestress is induced when ROS can not be removed by former defenser. Oxidative stress causes DNAdenaturation, destruction of the cell membrane, Hardening of the arteries and cellular senescence, directlyor indirectly. Rutin, glycosides of quercetin, is the flavonoid-based compound which is widely distributedin the plant kingdom. Rutin was shown to strengthen capillaries and capillary action contraction is used asthe main component of the circulatory disease treatment and hypertension. In this study, we demonstratedthat pretreatment of rutin protects human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) from the oxidative stress. Additionalbiochemical assay showed that rutin has ROS scavenging effect and furthermore, alters mRNA expressionof SOD1 and CAT in NHDFs. Our results indicate that rutin is implicated as a potential biochemical orchemopreventive agent through phenomenas from oxidative stress in NHDFs.

According to analysis of correlations between nail growth and diseases, the selenium content of toenails can be a barometer of liver or coronary artery disease. In addition, the calcium and magnesium contents of fingernails can be correlated with Bone Mineral Density (BMD) according to age. This study collected nail samples from adolescents, who are undergoing rapid mental and physical development, and analyzed the major minerals. Adolescence is a critical period in which nutritional balance has a significant effect on mental and physical growth. For this study, nails were sampled from a total of 60 adolescents in Seoul, and the contents of 15 different minerals (macro- and micro-minerals) were measured using the ICP emission spectrochemical analysis tester. The mineral content of nails by gender was then comparatively analyzed. In terms of macro-minerals, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur were measured. In terms of micro-minerals, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, chromium, selenium, boron, cobalt and molybdenum were measured to provide a reference range for the mineral content of nails in Korean adolescents. According to a comparative analysis of mineral contents between boys and girls based on the results of the test above, boys had greater mineral content than girls in fingernails for Na (p<.05) and K (p<.001). In the cases of Zn (p<.001), Fe (p<.001), Mn (p<.001) and Cr (p<.001), in contrast, the nails of girls were higher than those of boys. This study investigated the mineral content of fingernails in Korean adolescents, which has never been undertaken before. Because there were no reference data on the standard mineral content of adolescent fingernails, this study measured the average reference range through the quantitative measurement of mineral contents per 1 gram of fingernail using 60 adolescents as the sample. Changes in mineral content were examined through comparative analysis between boys and girls. The study results found that nail samples can be used as a clinical tool to measure Korean adolescents’ nutritional status based on mineral content, which revealed statistically significant differences. The reference values obtained in this study would be useful in studying the relationship between diverse diseases and mineral content of nails in Korean adolescents provided that there is no large regional difference in terms of the mineral content of nails in the adolescents living in other regions.

If heavy metals accumulate in the body, they are involved in protein metabolism and cause disease. Young children or adolescents who are overexposed can suffer from development disorders, atopic diseases, obesity, hair loss, depression or aggression. Through hair tissue mineral analysis, the effects of heavy metals that have accumulated in the body on mental and physical health can be estimated. While there have been studies on their relationship with metabolism through mineral and serological tests, studies of the heavy metal content of nails or heavy metal residuals on the skin in Korean adolescents are few. To prove the relevance of the heavy metal content in the body through nail analysis, this study performed a test on a total of 60 students (30 boys, 30 girls, aged 17-19) living in Seoul. For analysis of the heavy metal content in nails, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, lead, antimony, uranium, aluminum and beryllium were measured using an ICP emission spectrochemical analysis tester. According to the test, Be, Al and Pb were detected in the nails of both boys and girls while U and Hg were found in the nails of girls only. In terms of the ‘Be’ content of nails, nails of boys (1.55±0.091) had higher content than girls (1.14±0.072***) (p<.001). This study investigated the reference values of hazardous heavy metals accumulated in the nails of Korean adolescents and confirmed differences in heavy metal concentrations through a comparative analysis of the heavy metal content of nails in both boys and girls. In terms of the heavy metal content of nails in the test above, a statistically significant difference was observed. It has been shown that nails would be useful as a tool to measure the heavy metal toxicity levels in the body of Korean adolescents. The study results can also be available as basic data for further study on diseases caused by heavy metal residuals in nails and hands.

The present study aims to evaluate synergetic effects of co-treatment with Centella asiatica (C. asiatica )and follic acid-ferment extracts (CFFE) and phytosphingosine-1-phoaphte (PhS1P). Cosmetic effects ofeach of CFFE and PhS1P are relatively well-known. However, synergetic effects of co-treatment with CFFEand PhS1P are not understood currently. Therefore, we investigated synergetic effects of co-treatmentwith CFFE and PhS1P and how co-treatment with CFFE and PhS1P exerts its synergetic effects. First, wedetermined that co-treatment with specific-concentration of CFFE and PhS1P increased cell viability. At sameconcentration of CFFE and PhS1P, HDFs were resisted oxidative stress-dependent cell growth arrest. Inaddition, we show that co-treatment of CFFE and PhS1P repressed c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activationand JNK-mediated oxidative stress response in HDFs. And co-treatment of CFFE and PhS1P-mediatedblocking of JNK activation induced decrease of MMP1 mRNA expression. Therefore, co-treatment of CFFEand PhS1P synergetic protects oxidative-stress through repressing JNK phosphorylation and transcriptionalactivity of AP-1 complex. And these results suggest that cosmetics contained with both CFFE and PhS1Pmay have more therapeutic effects against oxidative-stress-mediated skin aging and formation of wrinkle.

A facial skin is always exposed to external environment and it is the best tool for people to display their image. In terms of facial management, cosmetics are selected depending on perceived symptoms. Therefore, it is important to accurately diagnose current skin conditions. Hence, this study measured moisture contents, sebum levels, pH, Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL), elasticity, melanin and erythema by the facial part against college women in Gyeonggi-do and examined how these indicators are correlated to each other with a goal of suggesting basic data for skin care through precise analysis on the female students’ skin conditions. First, cheeks were mostly dry, and sebum was short in all parts. Melanin was found in the mandibular parts. In addition, erythema were mostly detected around the eyes. According to previous studies, both oily and combination skin types were most widely found in college women. In this study, however, a lack of sebum is found in all facial parts. In terms of TEWL and elasticity, it was hard to compare study results with previous studies due to differences in a research method. Second, according to investigation on the correlations of physiological indicators by the facial part, positive correlation was observed in all parts in sebum levels, TEWL, elasticity, melanin and erythema. In addition, correlations were high in sebum levels, TEWL and erythema. Third, according to a study on the correlations of the physiological indicators of the facial skin, as sebum levels were high, moisture contents and melanin levels were high as well. As TEWL increased, more erythema were found. In addition, as erythema increased, positive correlations with high pH were observed. As TEWL decreased, moisture contents, sebum levels and elasticity were high. As sebum levels decreased, negative correlations with high erythema were found. The positive correlations between TEWL and erythema were the highest. As moisture contents decreased with high water vaporization, erythema increased. In addition, pH levels rose, erythema increased. To reduce erythema, therefore, it is required to form a sebum layer to make the pH slightly acidic. This study had limitations for comparison because of a lack of references and different measurement methods. Therefore, it is needed to set the requirements in which skin conditions can be accurately analyzed using a non-invasive method. In addition, there should be a further study on the physiological indicators of the skin by age.

Healthy skin is considered as the way to measure of woman’s beauty. And taking in a high-quality protein is important to make skin healthy. In this study, we extracted materials which are basic ingredients of samultang (Rehmannia glutinosa, Cnidium officinale, Paeonia lactiflora and Angelica gigas), chicken feet and pueraria lobata, taraxacum platycarpum. Also that is main meterials which contain high protein and are effective in an anti oxidation. Containing high protein, Taraxacum platycarpum and chicken feet are used for medicinal porposes. However they cause digestive and absorptive decline when taken together so we made Kepokyo as supplementation. 48 subjects had drunk SK88 for three weeks and we measured the body composition, hydration and elasticity of skin and used a questionnaire in order to compare Before with After. Three weeks later, protein content increased from 7.6±0.8 to 7.7±0.8. The study also indicated hydration of skin increased from 46.8±14.1 to 52.4±16.9 and elasticity of skin from 38.9±14.9 to 41.8±15.7. These are regarded as the consequences of choosing the materials with high protein and the ways absorbed into the body better. Thus, SK88 can effectively contribute to the improvement of hydration and elasticity of facial skin. It could be a right material to make use of beauty food.

This study analyzed the difference in preference on baby face with makeups targeting women in their 20s to 50s. First, 174 (54.4%) respondents saw the pink linear style eye shadow and pink round blusher as the most baby face looking image. Second, it was found that the colors are perceived more important than the style of makeup. In all types of eye shadow and blusher combination, the images with pink – regardless of the style – were preferred the most. This shows that the colors used in the makeup are a key factor that makes baby face. Among the different styles of makeup, the linear style eye shadow and round style blusher were preferred the most. Third, the preference differed by occupation, and the difference was statistically significant in the 0.05 significance level. All occupation groups preferred pink eye shadow and blusher, but the professionals preferred them more. Those in the fashion and beauty industry preferred the orange and pink combination compared to others, recognizing orange as a color that would make your face look cute and younger. I hope this study will be used to reveal the perspective of modern people on baby face and be utilized as a practical guideline for baby face makeup while also serving as the basic academic resource.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of cream with Arctii fructus (A. fructus) extract, well-known for soothing, anti-oxidizing and anti-inflammatory effects, on the improvement of the melanin, wrinkle and moisture content on facial skins. A test is conducted with 8 females for 4 weeks. They were to apply cream with 4% A. fructus extract content on the left side of their face and cream with no A. fructus extract in the right, both twice a day, in the mornings and nights. Compared to before the usage of cream, a group who used cream with no A. fructus extract showed a very slight increase in the moisture content, worsening of the wrinkles and almost no change on melanin content on their faces after 4 weeks of test. For the group who used cream with A. fructus extract, the melanin and wrinkles both have decreased by 46.00% and 4.85%, respectively, after 4weeks of test. Also the moist content on their face has increased by 140.69%, indicating that there were some statistically significant changes found. This study proves that the A. fructus extract has a positive effect on the overall improvement of facial skin and it also implies that the A. fructus extract has high potential as an ingredient of cosmetic products.

Kojic acid is a fungal metabolite widely used in medicinal and cosmetic formulations as a skin whitening agent. The activity of kojic acid is known to arise primarily from suppressing tyrosinase activity. Although kojic acid is effective in treating hyperpigmentation disorders in human clinical studies, it only shows weak antimelanogenic activity in mono-cultured human primary melanocytes, suggesting that there exists another pharmacological mechanism for in vivo activity of kojic acid. In the present study, we used primary human epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes co-culture system to elucidate the mechanisms of skin whitening activity of kojic acid. We used a newly developed flow cytometric method to analyze the counts of live melanocytes and keratinocytes separately. When cultured without kojic acid, the proliferation of melanocytes co-cultured with keratinocytes was greatly enhanced compared to that of mono-cultured melanocytes. On the other hand, we found that kojic acid significantly reduced the proliferation of both melanocytes and keratinocytes at 100~200 μM in co-culture system, although kojic acid did not reduce the proliferation of mono-cultured melanocytes nor mono-cultured keratinocytes at the same concentration. These results suggest that kojic acid might suppress the expression of some growth factors produced by melanocytes or keratinocytes in co-culture system, resulting in reduced proliferation of melanocytes. In summary, the mechanisms of the clinical skin whitening activity of kojic acid might include the suppression of melanocyte proliferation as well as the already known activity of tyrosinase suppression. It suggests that a cross-talk between melanocytes and keratinocytes is indispensable to the pharmacological mechanisms of clinically effective dermatological drugs.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of effleurage technique which is used most frequently in massage on electroencephalogram (EEG). The participants were 18 healthy female adults in their twenties. Effleurage technique of massage was applied for 3 minutes during the time period of 3-6 min to 9 participants. Participants in control group (n=9) did not received any massage but they were under the same experimental condition. Score of psychological relax was significantly reduced by the effleurage technique of massage. The EEG was recorded using QEEG 8 System by placing electrodes on frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes on the scalp. EEG was measured for 3 min during the periods of the before (0-3 min), during (3-6 min), and after massage (6-9 min) with effleurage technique. Results show that all the EEG waves did not changed in the control group. However, effleurage technique increased the delta wave (p<.05) and decreased the beta wave (p<.05) in all the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cranial regions. These data suggest that effleurage technique in massage may have positive effects on sleep and relaxation.

This study deals with the effects of coconut oil on the skin moisture and the barrier function. The experiment was conducted over a total of 4 weeks with a total of 20 subjects, who were assigned to either the control group or the experimental group after having tested about their homogeneity. The subjects of the experimental group used the coconut oil once a day after taken a shower. They used the oil by applying a suitable amount of it on their legs and then rubbing it in until absorbed into the skin completely. The evaluations of skin change were conducted before the test material applicaion and after 2 and 4 weeks of the application, is including skin moisture, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), dead skin cell amounts and survey for present skin condition, satisfaction measurement about the test material, etc. In the experimental group, the improvement rates of the skin moisture indicated 100.36% after 2 weeks and 148.89% after 4 weeks of coconut oil application in comparison of pre-application. These results were statistically significant and suggest that coconut oil considerably improves skin moisture. The improvement rates of TEWL indicated 27.70% after 2 weeks and 36.97% after 4 weeks of coconut oil application in comparison of pre-application. These results were statistically significant and suggest that coconut oil facilitates the prevention of the amount of TEWL. The improvement rates of dead skin cell amounts indicated 60.49% after 4 weeks of coconut oil application in comparison of pre-application. These results were statistically significant and suggest that coconut oil benefits the reduction of dead skin cell amounts. On basis of a subjective self-diagnosis questionnaire assessment conducted by the subjects after the experiment was completed, it was discovered that in the experimental group who used coconut oil, ‘the current skin moisture’ as well as ‘the current skin texture’ showed the greatest improvement by amounting to 165.27% and 180.6% respectively. According to the research results the effects of the improvement may be satisfactorily assessed. Evidently, coconut oil has a positive effects on skin moisture contents as well as the decrease of dead skin cell amounts among other things. Since research into the utilization of coconut oil for cosmetic products is still inadequately represented, various approaches to this research field are necessary.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which have characteristics of self-renewal and multipotency, are responsible for the tissue regeneration of the damaged tissue. Replicative senescence is the cause of an irreversible arrest of cell proliferation and loss cell function. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as a normal byproduct of aerobic life but the accumulation of the oxidative damage due to ROS induces the fundamental changes in cell aging process. In this study, the anti-aging effects of curcumin was studied in the long-term culture of ASCs by determining the expression of SA-β-galactosidase. Cell protection effect of curcumin was observed in UVB irradiated ASCs. Antioxidant, or anti-aging effect of curcumin by scavenging of intra-cellular ROS or enhancing the expression of antioxidant enzymes was also confirmed. These data suggest that curcumin may be effective in preventing the rise of oxidative stress during adipocyte differentiation through mechanisms that involves upregulation of endogenous antioxidant responses.

In order to analyze the anti-inflammatory effects of Centella asiatica (C. asiatica), which is effective in wound healing, blood circulation acceleration, fine line prevention, itchiness, and sedation, this study analyzed its anti-inflammatory effects in the macrophage of RAW264.7 mouse, and to find out its effects in scalp erythema improvement through clinical study, 11 people seen with scalp erythema were selected and conducted the study for a month from May 1~31, 2014. Study objects were divided into the experiment group using C. asiatica extract and comparison group not using C. asiatica and were instructed to spray about 2 mL twice a week, in the morning and at night, and their scalps were magnified 80 times using microscope (KONG PC Camera, Bomtech, Korea) and examined before experiment, 2 weeks later, and 4 weeks later. To analyze the anti-inflammatory effects of C. asiatica extract, RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in 37°C chamber at 5% CO2, and they were subcultured every 3 days to be processed for the same time with LPS. Cytotoxicity analysis was performed to find the proper concentration of C. asiatica extract, and the inflammatory factor, LPS 0.5 μg/mL was processed at 0 mg/mL, 0.01 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL when processed at 1mg/mL the C. asiatica extract displayed 1.48 times the suppressive effect and was confirmed for anti-inflammatory effect. Clinical experiment was conducted to study the improvement effects of C. asiatica extract on scalp erythema on the experimental group using C. asiatica extract and the comparison group not using it, The improvement in the control group due to VES was 0.00 after 2 weeks and –6.67 after 4 weeks, which means that there was no improvement of erythema, and did not show a significant difference with over p<.05. Experiment group displayed the improvement rate of 33.33 after 2 weeks and 92.67 after 4 weeks; they displayed a great improvement of scalp erythema and displayed a significant difference with below p<.05. C. asiatica extract if released. Such results would influence in scalp improvement products, lead to more clinical studies using other various extracts for scalp improvements to contribute the development and utilization of scalp care products.

This study was conducted to improve the quality of the after-school beauty program and activate the program more. For achieving this purpose, a survey was conducted targeting 194 middle school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi area, who participated in the after-school beauty education, to analyze their satisfaction with after-school beauty program class management, class contents and class effect and find out improvements. The study was performed to establish the foundation to cultivate professional beauticians by exactly figuring out the advantages and disadvantages of an after-school beauty program running currently, seeking an efficient management plan of the after-school beauty program, and providing the basis data to introduce instructor qualification criteria and verification processes. The results of comparative analysis conducted on program operation were as follows: In the preferred career field (Ⅰ), the satisfaction of beauty sector career seekers was lower. In the preferred career field (Ⅱ), the satisfaction of hair sector career seekers was lower, followed by nail art, make-up, and non-beauty sector career seekers. Comparative analysis on program information was also conducted. The results are as follows: In the preferred career field (Ⅰ), the satisfaction of beauty sector career seekers was lower. In the preferred career field (Ⅱ), hair sector career seekers and nail art sector career seekers had lower satisfaction, whereas make-up sector career seekers and non-beauty sector seekers showed higher satisfaction. Additionally, comparative analysis on the program effect was performed. The results found that students who wished beauty related occupations in the future and students who were interest in beauty had higher satisfaction in terms of motivation for participating in the program. The results also demonstrated that in the preferred career field (Ⅱ), make-up career seekers had the highest satisfaction, and that participants in nail art, hair. and non- beauty sectors were similarly satisfied. As for the improvements in the beauty program, participants made the most common response to ‘I wish that classroom facilities would improve more’ (39.7%), followed by to ‘skills- oriented careful instruction’ (18.6%), and to ‘I wish that lectures would be more levelled lectures by a small elite group’ (11.9%). It was found that the students, who desired to engage in beauty treatment and hair·nail care, showed a low satisfaction with program management and contents, and the beauty program was effective for the students that desired to have beauty treatment-related jobs and participated in the education program, because they were interested in beauty treatment. Also, it was identified that for improving the quality of the beauty program, the class facility should be improved, and technique-oriented graded education is required. In conclusion, it would be possible to enhance satisfaction with program management and contents, based on this study result. Furthermore, there would be a need for effort of schools and teachers to improve the class facility and develop technique-oriented graded education, and accurate qualification standards for improving the quality of teachers should be established.

Nobiletin is widely used for the treatment of cancer and inflammation disorder. In neurocytes and melanocytes, nobiletin exposure induced dendrite formation. Recently, nobiletin is suggested as a new whitening agent. However, in dermis, effects of nobiletin are not understood currently. Therefore, it is important to determine how nobiletin exerts its therapeutic action and its effect on the anti-wrinkle. To determine whether MMP1 gene expression is regulated by nobiletin, we measured MMP1 mRNA expression in nobiletein-treated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). And we showed that transactivation activity of TPA responsive element (TRE) which is a major regulation promoter element and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity which main regulator of AP-1 complex. As shown results, nobiletin was decrease expression level of MMP1 mRNA in oxidative-stressed HDFs. In addition, nobiletin repressed MAPK phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of AP-1 complex in oxidative-stressed HDFs. Therefore, nobiletin protects oxidative-stress through repressing MAPK phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of AP-1 complex. In addition, these results suggest that nobiletin is a potential cosmetic ingredient repressed anti-aging and anti-wrinkle in skin.

We conducted this study to investigate antioxidant and cytotoxicity of ethanol extracts of Leonurus sibiricus L. Also, we examined the cytoprotected effect of ethanol extracts of Leonurus sibiricus L. about antihemolytic of Sprague Dawley rat red blood cell. After extracting Leonurus sibiricus L. with ethanol. We treated samples by concentration and conducted DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD-like activity. About human skin fibroblast HS68 cell, through MTT assay, we assessed toxicity of samples. Also, to assess effect of anti-hemolytic, we observed effect of extracts which we got after inducing oxidation of Sprague Dawley rat red blood cell using H2O2. The result showed that extracts of Leonurus sibiricus L. was effective as concentration of DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD-like activity increased. After we checked cytotoxicity of Leonurus sibiricus L. using human fibroblast HS68 cell, it showed life rate more than 90 percent at 5~100 μg/ml and we made sure of its safety for skin. In the experiment for assessing of anti-hemolytic, we could observe the group that treated with extracts showed the higher rate of anti-hemolytic than control group that treated with H2O2 only. This result showed by eliminating ROS, extracts of Leonurus sibiricus L. could protect cell membrane and work as antioxidants. These results were that extracts of Leonurus sibiricus L. can eliminate active oxygen specie, have no cytotoxicity in fibroblast cell and show actual effectiveness of cell protection about anti-hemolytic activity in red blood cell, so they show possibility as functional natural product.

Nail service business should adapt itself to the change of service environment of the nail art trend and technique, which needs to examine the relation of the chief manager, employee and customer, so the business strategy of nail salon could be formed by establishing detailed planning strategy and performance measurement index. For the management of nail salon, the performance measurement index that can assess the financial performance, customer satisfaction measurement , technical and educational standard, etc. should be developed to evaluate the intangible performance like service and satisfaction level in addition to the typical performance. Currently, the study on the Key Performance Indicator (KPI) for improving the performance of nail salon management is insufficient at the site of beauty business as well as in the academic world. In this study, the evaluation index for nail salon management to enhance the competitiveness and value of beauty treatment industry was developed by reflecting the reality of nail business. So, KPI of nail salon management was drawn by 3 round-delphi with BSC (Balanced Scored Card) as follows. First, in the finance perspective ‘personnel expenses’, ‘cost ratio’, ‘operating profit ratio’, ‘total sales’, ‘sales growth rate’and ‘total capital investment efficiency’ were adopted. Second, in the customer perspective ‘service improvement’, ‘new customers secure’, ‘service quality’, ‘service speed’, ‘customers DB’, ‘regular customers keeping rate’ and ‘customer satisfaction rate’ were adopted. Third, in the inter process perspective ‘business manual application’, ‘membership price grade’, ‘brand image’, ‘staff productivity ratio’, ‘manual maintenance’ and ‘product & service development’ were adopted. Finally, the learning and growth perspective ‘staff satisfaction’, ‘staff development’, ‘educational level and rotation time’, ‘appropriate reward system’, ‘benefits level’ and ‘vision share’ were adopted.

This study investigated adults’cognition on and usage of fermented cosmetics in Korea. The subject was 419 men and women, that is to say, 316 women and 103 men, in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. 2-weeks questionnaire survey was done to investigate buying patterns and satisfaction of user group of fermented cosmetics, and characteristics and future access of the cosmetics of non-user group. More than half of the interviewees heard fermented cosmetics with less experience of the use. Men cognized the cosmetics less than women did, and the former experienced less use. The interviewees thought of ‘safety ingredient for the skin of the cosmetics having plenty of effective ingredients’. The interviewees thought that efficacy and effect of fermented cosmetics were not satisfactory at the use than expected that should be improved as soon as possible. But, many interviewees did not experience efficacy of fermented cosmetics enough yet: In other words, more than half of the users made use of the cosmetics 1 to less than 3 months, and many interviewees wanted to buy fermented cosmetics again in the future. And, 50.8% of non-user group of the fermented cosmetics did not cognize difference of quality between common cosmetics and fermented cosmetics, and 47.5% of them thought that fermented cosmetics would have better quality, and more than half of the interviewees wanted to buy fermented cosmetics in the future: So, most of non-user group of fermented cosmetics wanted to buy fermented cosmetics and did not cognize advantages of the cosmetics enough. And, the interviewees who had no idea of buying of fermented cosmetics said that they were satisfied with current cosmetics products, so that enough public relations of efficacy and effect of fermented cosmetics would be likely to let the users buy fermented cosmetics in the future. In this study, users cognized fermented cosmetics to have good image and expectation effect and to have less use. And, users wanted to buy fermented cosmetics in the future, and cognized less quality difference between common cosmetics and fermented cosmetics to require not only public relations of efficacy and effect of fermented cosmetics but also systematic strategy depending upon gender and age. The study may help develop fermented cosmetics products according to buying behavior depending upon gender and age to be basic material of the marketing.

Recently, the interest and consumer demands on cosmetics of anti-aging, moisturizing, skin improvement have been increased by expanding high value and functional production line in cosmetic industry Those cosmetic ingredients, stem cells, Centella asiatica extract, Calendula, snail secretion extract are widely known that they are very effective in soothing, wound healing, preventing injuries, regeneration and moisturizing. The most important components that form extracellular construction material (ECM ) are collagen and chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfate is a component that has been safely consumed for a long time without toxicity. In Heo Jun Donguibogam, there is an evidence that snail was consumed as food by people with skin lupus and weakness. In addition, French people consume is as healthy food. The chondroitin sulfate and mucin prevent aging and dry skin are matrix material of dermis. They are involved in growth ability of collagenous fiber as well as skin regeneration by moisturizing and inhibition of oxidization in cosmetics market. These ingredient and effects are effective for cell regeneration, preventing skin wounds, wound healing as well as moisturizing. Although more than 20 cosmetic brands using snail extract have been launched, thesis regarding effect on skin and awareness is insignificant. This survey was conducted to evaluate the awareness of consumers about the snail extract for moisturizing, wound healing and regeneration. It was researched involved 476 female adults living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do to know about awareness of Snail Extract cosmetics and intention to purchase for improving wound healing and scar. The research result is as follows. In this survey, 31.1 percent of those surveyed responded that they are familiar with it while 37.2 percent of them have heard about snail extract cosmetic but they do not know well .The highest 53.9 percent of purchasing experience on high functional cosmetics was stem cells and the 37.8 percent was snail extract ingredient. The reasons for the purchase of 44.5% on High functional cosmetics are due to wrinkle improvement then moisturizing, scar improvement, improving skin condition and whitening. In reference to awareness of snail extract cosmetics, It shows the differences both buying experience and intention to purchase for improving wound healing and scar. we realize that the higher customer satisfaction, the more intention to purchase. Through this study, we hope to raise awareness on efficacy of snail extract and this helps as the basis of marketing. In addition, about respect to efficacy and safety of the material in the future cosmetics market, to improve consumer confidence, professional and systematic study such as cellular experiment or clinical test on snail extract for improving skin condition is required. Also, a variety of products using the snail extract is required.

This study is targeted for men in their 20 s and 30 s to figure out the differences and correlations between eating habits and skin care knowledge of men with acne and men with normal skin, and suggest the right knowledge and the right skin care in regards to eating habits in order to help them maintain and improve their skin health. This study distributed 350 questionnaires randomly to men in their 20 s and 30 s, in Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul and used 309 as the final analysis of the research, excluding 41 incomplete surveys. Data analysis was done by utilizing a statistical package program, SPSSWIN ver. 18.0, including frequency analysis, item internal consistency reliability (Chronbach’s α), factor analysis, ANOVA, and t-test. The result of this study showed that difference of eating habits and nutritional quality of men with acne and normal skin has proven to be statistically effective in terms of the average difference based on eating habits (vitamin & protein, dietary), and it showed that average difference is not statistically effective in eating habit (sodium). Second, it appeared that the average difference for current skin care behavior between two groups is statistically effective, and normal skin care group has higher skin care management scores. Third, the analysis that is aimed to figure out whether eating habit (Sodium, vitamin & protein, dietary) has positive effect on skin condition showed that eating habit (hazardous effect) has positive effect on the skin condition, and reducing hazardous factors such as (sugar, junk food, flour, fat) contributes to improvement of skin condition. Fourth, it appeared that skin care management behavior does not have positive effect on skin condition. Fifth, the analysis that is aimed to figure out whether eating (Sodium, vitamin & protein, dietary) factor has positive effect on skin condition showed eating habit (dietary) factor has positive effect on skin care management behavior, and a person with high dietary scores also has higher skin care management scores. Sixth, for the improvement of skin health for adult male acne, we have provided proper eating-food reference table as the utilization of beauty salon customer management program in order to increase sales in beauty industry. Since the study shows that as people improve dietary and skin care management, it can contribute to positive effect in acne, the relationship of dietary, skin management, and skin condition is a crucial factor to acne. Limitation of this study was that since age and residence of survey participants were not evenly distributed, studies were not sufficient enough to generalize the result. In the future, we will select and analyze participants with more even ages and residence, and conduct survey by performing comparative studies about characteristics of acne triggering causes and specifically presenting a scheme for prevention and mitigation of acne.

In this study, it was performed meridian massage after drinking of Schisandra extract in order to improve the side effects such as fatigue caused for meridian massage. By selecting the people to appeal to above normal fatigue after performing primary meridian massage for women 30 to 50’s, on the secondary experiment, 8 control group and 8 experimental group who drinking Schisandra extract before massage were performed 2 hours meridian massage. After massage, each subjects were analyzed for blood to investigating the degree of fatigue. When comparing the results of before and after massage, it was showed that fatigue, a person (12.5%) in the control group and 5 people (62.5%) in the experimental group was improved above “moderate” to under “mild”. Lactic acid was showed a significant decrease 29.3% in the experimental group. Uric acid was showed a significant decrease 4.8% in the experimental group. Cortisol showed a significant decrease of 34% in the experimental group. There was no significant change in the experimental group of selotonin. There was no significant change in the control group and the experimental group of SOD. BAP was a significant reduction of 1.2% in the control group and a significant increase of 3.4% in the experimental group. There was no significant change in the control group and the experimental group of the d-ROMs. Thus it is seems to significant decrease concentration of lactic acid and uric acid in the blood, which affect the difference in the degree of fatigue of the control and experimental groups of after massage, the significant decrease of cortisol hormone and the significant increase of BAP also affected. In this study, it is shown that drinking Schisandra extract before meridian massage has positive the effects of fatigue reduction, anti-oxidant effect and stress hormone.