Earticle

In The purpose of this paper is to explore various ethical considerations related to data management such as data collection, data recording, data analysis and interpretation, data sharing. The integrity of research depends on integrity in all aspects of data management, including the collection, use, and sharing of data. Data can be defined as measurements, experiments(observations, survey) or any other primary products of research activity. These provide a factual basis for inference, conclusions, and publication. Responsible research begins with experimental design and protocol approval; it involves recordkeeping in a way that ensures accuracy and avoids bias; it guides criteria for including and excluding data from statistical analyses;and it entails responsibility for collection, use, and sharing of data. Anyone who helps in planning the study, c analyzing or interpreting the research findings, publishing the results of the study, or maintaining the research has a responsibility to ensure the integrity of the data.

The skin serves as a protective barrier to various environmental factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, air pollution, and environmental hormones. These environmental factors enhance the aging of the skin. Skin aging is divided into intrinsic (chronological) and extrinsic processes that involve increased wrinkling, sagging and laxity. Extrinsic aging is generally caused by exposure to UV, which increases the production of reactive oxygen species in skin cells and may cause hyperpigmentation, skin cancer, and photoaging. Upon exposure of the epidermis to UV radiation, melanogenesis is enhanced by activation of melanogenesis enzymes, such as tyrosinase- related proteins (TRP) TRP-1 and TRP-2. These melanogenesis enzymes are located in the melanosomal membrane and catalyze the conversion of melanin to L-tyrosine. Upon exposure of the dermis to UV radiation, photoaging is induced by alterations in expression of collagen and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Expression of MMP- 1 is regulated by the nuclear transcription factor activator protein 1 and nuclear factor-κB in UV-exposed dermal fibroblasts. Thus, collagen production is reduced in UV-exposed skin due to the constant degradation of collagen by increased levels of MMPs. Together, these events affect the regulation of cell signaling pathways in skin cells. In this review, we present an overview of the cellular mechanisms in UV-exposed skin.

This research examines the importance of sunscreen use as well as the public awareness and the use of sunscreen that has become prevalent due to the growth of the sunscreen market, and also the international cosmetics market in regard to the trend of sunscreen and the development of natural domestic materials for them. The current state of sunscreen use and its changes have been examined by looking into the researches on sunscreen from 2010 until now, and by analyzing the trend of the international sunscreen market specifically on i) the use of extracts such as natural and organic materials, ii) the researches on the effects of the raw materials and processing technology on skin, and iii) the emergence of ethical products along with brand image improvement efforts, some of domestic researches on the direction of the domestic sunscreen industry and the development of natural materials in 2012~2013 were reviewed. As a result, the effect of the product containing natural extracts, and its quality as a safe and anti-oxidant product were examined. The sunscreen industry is a promising market with the environmental factors and the increase of aesthetic desire of the public. It is regarded to be necessary for domestic industry to refer to the international flow and regulations in order to internationalize the domestic market as well as to help stabilize it. In addition, it would be necessary to solve the known problems such as stickiness, texture, and white turbidity phenomenon that have been continuously posed as problem by the consumer reviews through R&D, and for the inconvenience that is involved when re-applying the sunscreen, it would be necessary to look for ways to facilitate re-application of sunscreen rather than to increase SPF (Sun Protection Factor) in order to enhance the lasting time of the sunscreen.

According to factor analysis based on cognitive & emotional responses and advertisement for attitude by beauty make-up and art make-up, ‘artistic’ was the most important factor in art make-up in terms of cognitive responses. In beauty make-up, on the contrary, ‘practicality’ was the most important factor. In terms of emotional responses, ‘ornamentation’ was the most important factor in art make-up. In beauty make-up, ‘familiarity’ was the most important factor. In terms of advertisement for attitude, ‘interest’ was the most important factors in art make-up. In beauty make-up, on the other hand, ‘reliability’ was the most critical factors. According to analysis on the effect of cognitive and emotional responses on advertisement for attitude by type of make-up, beauty make-up images did not draw ‘attention’ on the advertisement. However, ‘interest ’ in the advertisement increased when it was perceived in terms of ‘ornamentation’ and ‘attractiveness’. When art make-up was perceived as ‘artistic’ on the contrary, visual ‘interest’ and ‘attention’ on the advertisement increased. When beauty make-up and art make-up were perceived under ‘familiarity’ however ‘interest’ in the advertisement declined. When beauty make-up was perceived from the perspective of ‘practicality’, ‘reliability’ on the advertisement increased. When art make-up images were perceived from the perspective of ‘familiarity’ and ‘dignity’ on the other hand, ‘reliability’ on the advertisement increased. When ‘ornamentation’ on beauty make-up and art make-up increased, however, consumers negative view on the advertisement was high.

Adipogenesis was defined as a differentiation process of preadipocytes into adipocytes and its regulation is crucial in obesity prevention. Several transcriptional factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein family (C/EBPs) were known as a key factors in early stage of adipogenesis. Selenium, an essentional micronutrient, has been reported to possess nurmerous biological activities. However, anti-obese function of selenium, particularly selenate, is relatively unknown. In this study, we investigated that inhibitory activities of selenate against adipocytes differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells. Selenate treatment showed no cytotoxicity up to 100 μM in C3H10T1/2 cells. It showed dose-dependent suppression of adipogenesis between 1 to 50 μM. We also found that dose-dependently inhibited adipogenesis of C3H10T1/2 cells accompanied by reduced expression levels of PPARγ and C/ EBPβ as judged by PCR analysis. Our results imply that the inhibitory function of selenate is associated with the suppression of adipogenic genes in early stage of adipogenesis. These scientific evidences suggest that selenate could be used in development of obesity and/or overweight-related nutrient supplement and nutricosmetics.

It is a comparative research on scalp condition of the middle-aged women in 40~50’s according to intake of red ginseng which was famous for enhancement of immunity level, anti-oxidative activity, promotion of blood circulation. The experimental groups are total 44 women objects in 40-50’s which is divided into each intake group of 3g/day of red ginseng, and 6g/day of red ginseng. It was observed the change of sebum output, microbial quantity, keratin quantity, pH of scalp for 12 weeks. the microbial quantity was resulted that Cont. group increased 0.6% G3 group decreased 15.56%, and G6 group decreased 16.61% and then the keratin quantity was resulted that Cont. group decreased 0.27%, G3 group decreased 70.12%, and G6 group decreased 76.94% before and after the experiment. And the sebum output was resulted that Cont. group decreased 0.27%, G3 group decreased 70.12%, and G6 group decreased 76.94% and the pH was resulted that Cont. group increased 0.001%, G3 and G6 group decreased 0.002% before and after the experiment, these showed no significant difference. Like this, while it is indicated that red ginseng intake changed to measurement value of scalp positively, the decrease of microbial quantity, keratin quantity more economical in 3 g intake than 6 g intake.

The results of analyzing the technical terms in the hair care textbooks are as written below: First, according to the result of analyzing technical terms in the hair care textbooks, 191 technical terms were extracted. Second, the terms of which Hangul orthography is different in the textbooks and textbook compilation data occupy 19.9% of the whole technical terms. Third, the terms whose meaning is the same but marking is different in the hair care textbooks take up 19.4% of the entire technical terms. Fourth, according to the result of analyzing the technical terms of the hair care textbooks under the word spacing rules of Hangul orthography, the terms not following the rules take up 29.8%, the terms not allowable occupy 52.9%, and the terms that both don’t follow the rules and aren’t allowable were 7.9%. Fifth, according to the result of analyzing the loanword technical terms in the textbooks, loanwords occupy 65.4% of the total technical terms. While loanwords take up a great part, the marking of the loanwords’ original words was just 37.6%. For the technical terms whose meaning becomes ambiguous in the process of translation into Korean, Hangul and loanwords are used in combination to highlight the original meaning. Sixth, according to the result of analyzing the marking of loanword technical terms in the textbooks, the loanword terms marked wrongly take up 6.2% of the total technical terms; thus, the marking of loanwords in the hair care textbooks was relatively favorable.

Beauty schools in Korea have traditionally focused on educating students to pursue careers mainly in hair designer, skincare esthetician, make-up artist. However, there is pressing need for professionals who possess knowledge and know-how in such area as herbal consulting, herbal research, herbal manufacture and herbal formulating. Here in Korea, the concept of herbalism is in the stage of introduction, compared with developed countries such as USA, Canada and Australia. Herbalist education program, which have been successfully implemented in U.S and Australia is recently drawing attention in Korea. The objective of this study is to suggest the fundamental data in order to propose the future direction of herbalist education programs in Korea. This study first examines a trend toward increasing demand in the domestic and global well-being industry. Then, several representative herbalist programs in college and university in the U.S and Australia are investigated including curriculum, application requirements and tuition fee. This study started based on the idea that under the circumstance the market for herb is on expansion, education programs for pre- herbalist and understanding of the market should be preceded. Therefore, Korea should exert itself to internationalization, encouraging participation in international herbal science activities and a lot of professional education programs suitable for Korean circumstance and characteristics should be carried out. We discuss potential possibility and a variety of issues to be considered in order to successfully implement herbalist education programs in Korea.

This study was conducted on selected 10 female participants who are middle aged women (51.20±6.73 years old) and have over BMI 25 (BMI>25). We divided these participants into two groups, the case group (5 women) and control group (5 women). We gave the case group a meridian massage with taking the mulberry leaf powder capsule. In contrast, the control group was given to the meridian massage with taking the starch powder capsule. The result of this study is as follows. Measuring the changes of body composition, percent body fat and waist circumference of both the case group and control group was reduced but it did not show a significant level. According to the measurement of the changes of blood liquid components of both the case and control groups, although Glucose, Cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol decreased, there was no level of significance. However, the result showed a decrease on neutral fat with the significant level. Consequently, it indicates that the mulberry leaf powder capsule has a beneficial effect since the reduction ratio of the case group was higher than the control group. Therefore, this method, which conducting the meridian massage with taking the mulberry leaf powder capsule, can be suggested to middle aged women as a preferred method.

This study was performed to estimate usefulness of coffee cherry husk as a raw material for cosmetics based on the nutritional and functional ingredients. Coffee cherry husk extract (CHE) that was obtained by water extraction was exclusively used for all experimental analysis. Thirteen kinds of free amino acids, 3 kinds of sugars, 10 kinds of minerals, and 6 kinds of organic acids were detected in the CHE but heavy metals were not. The antioxidative effect of CHE was analyzed on the basis of total phenolic content (987 mg/kg), polyphenol content (310.7 mg/kg), total flavonol content (10.1 mg/kg), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (92.6%). CHE inhibited wild type bacteria contaminated in human faces that are Moraxella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus warneri, Acinetobacter sp., Staphylococcus pasteuri, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis. The ethanol extract of coffee cherry husk also inhibited growth of bacteria isolated from human faces but didn’t have antioxidative activity. Conclusively, the coffee cherry husk contains useful phytochemical compounds capable of utilizing as a raw material for cosmetics.

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs in the world. Although multiple biological activities of Korean ginseng have been widely studied, anti-oxidant property and moisturizing effect of oil exracted from Korean red ginseng (KRO) remains unknown. Here in vitro anti- oxidant activity and the moisturizing effect in 20-30 aged female of KRO were investigated. The peroxyl radicals are dose-dependently and significantly scavenged by KRO between 0.01-0.1% as judged by ORAC and its electron donating capacity was examined through reduction potential using copper ions. The KRO showed dose-dependent increasing reduction capacity between 0.01% and 0.1%. In addition, the KRO effectively attenuated AAPH- or Cu2+- induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. We further investigated the moisturizing effect of KRO in 20-30 aged female for 2 weeks. The treatment of moisturizer with KRO improved moisture content of skin in 20-30 aged female (n=4). These results imply that the KRO may be utilized as strategy for skin. In addition, our findings provide the scientific evidences for the development of skin targeted nutricosmetics and cosmetics.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of foot massage at individual reflex points on electroencephalogram (EEG). The participants were 51 healthy female young adults in their twenties (21.2± 1.0 yr). Venous circulation massage, which applied routinely at lower leg and whole foot area in the beginning of the foot massage, was applied to 9 participants. Massages at head area reflex point, spinal area reflex point, reproductive area reflex point, and abdominal area reflex point were performed in 9 participants per each reflex point. Participants in control group (n=6) did not received any foot massage but in the same experimental condition. All the massages were conducted for 3 min. The EEG was recorded using QEEG 8 System by placing electrodes on the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobe regions. And EEG was measured for 3 min during the periods of the before, during, and after massage. Results show that all the EEG waves did not changed in the control group without massage. Venous circulation massage increased the theta wave at the occipital region (p<.05). Foot massage at head area reflex point, spinal area reflex point, and reproductive area reflex point did not change any EEG waves. However, massage at the abdominal area reflex point increased the theta wave at the temporal region (p<.05). These data suggest that venous circulation massage and foot massage at the abdominal area reflex point increase the theta wave which is related with a sleep induction, therefore these massages could be considered for the people with sleep disorder.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whitening agent from a natural substance using in vivo model zebrafish. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanogensis which was used for screening of whitening agent with tyrosinase inhibition assay and melanocyte cell melanin biosynthesis inhibition assay. However, pigmentation mechanisms were very a complicated procedure in human dermis. In this study, we used zebrafish embryo as an animal model for confirmed phenotype-based screening of melanin synthesis with natural sources. Zebrafish has most of same organs and tissues that can be seen in human. Especially, pigments were located in the epidermal layer on the surface of organism. In order to examine the whitening effects involved in pigment cell signaling, we treated zebrafish embryos with 10 kinds of methanol extracts of medicinal herbs. Among those medicinal herbs tested, 50 μg/mL of MeOH extract of Forsythia suspensa was decreased the pigmentation on zebrafish larva. After solvent partitioning with MeOH extract of F. suspense , chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed the depigmentation effect on zebrafish. In contrast the tyrosinase inhibition effect of F. suspense has not shown. Those results suggest that different approaches to obtain depigmentation process, and confirm the new protocols to evaluate mleanogenesis using in vivo zebrafish model.

The purpose of this paper is to develop and evaluate a teaching and learning guidance plan applying the learning theory of Gagné with emphasis on the hair coloring unit of the hair dressing curriculum according to the 2007 Revised Curriculum Guide. In addition, according to applying 9 instructional events of Gagné, a teaching- learning guidance plan of the hair coloring unit was developed and then propriety of the teaching-learning guidance plan developed through the incumbent high school beauty culture teachers was evaluated. As results of the research, first the teaching-learning guidance plan according to 9 instructional events of Gagné was composed of a total of 2 hours. Second, the results from the verification of propriety for the current high school beauty culture teachers are as following. Furthermore, the class activity contents were appropriately suggested by Gagné’s instructional events and were systematically structured. In conclusion, this research expects to be basic data more efficient to the teaching-learning guidance field of beauty culture education by developing a teaching-learning guidance plan of the hair coloring unit based on the systematic and concrete Gagné’s learning theory.

The curriculum in education has provided the key to determine the quality of education. The education based on this curriculum ensures the autonomy and diversity of education, but also it lays a foundation in which teachers can show off their autonomy and professionalism. This study primarily aims at the current status of whole Beauty-related departments and variables in comparison, and subsequently, suggests how to seek for the distinctive and proper level in current Beauty-related departments, on the basis of the identification of the current status. The method of analysis is based on SPSS version 12.0 and through this method, frequency analysis, cross-analysis, and t -test are implemented in relation to the subjects of this study. The main issues in this study are to compare the proportion between theory and practice in Major subjects, credit rate, and variable of Beauty-related departments through questionnaire between two-year College and four- year University. On the basis of this study, it could be taken into account that we should establish accurate standard of educational curriculum for the special quality and haecceity of both two-year College and four-year University.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the food preference of female adults to their obesity and somatotype. The findings of the study were as follows: As for somatotype, sanguine morphology was most common (38.4%), followed by bilious morphology (25.2%), lymphatic morphology (19.6%) and nervous morphology (16.9%). Sanguine morphology was most prevalent among the women who had a bigger liking for cereals and who had a moderate level of preference for meat, fish, bread, rice cake, vegetables and fruit. Bilious morphology was more common in those who had a lower level of preference for these foods. The women who dwelled in the regions of Daegu and Pohang had little experiences not to take part in social gathering because of being concerned about the shape of their bodies. Such an experience was most dominant among those who had a lower level of preference for vegetables and fruit. As a result of investigating whether they got depressed or not since they felt others viewed them as fat, they got a mean of 2.27. The adult women who lived in these regions didn’t feel depressed because they felt others considered them to be fat, and those who had a higher level of preference for bread and rice cake got more depressed because of that. In which part of the body they felt they were fat was analyzed, and the largest group felt they were fat since they had plenty of flesh in their thighs, followed by the abdominal region, the forearm and the buttocks. The greatest group that accounted for 51.5 percent was fond of spice taste. Those who had lymphatic morphology had a more liking for spice taste, and those who had nervous morphology and who had bilious morphology were more fond of sweet taste. In modern society, there is a strong tendency for female adults to prefer a thin body due to westernized culture. They should have a correct understanding of their own somatotype and eat well-balanced meals to maintain normal weight.

The purpose of this study is to reinforce the conditions for the qualification of exam by taking specific courses based on mandatory education hours, therefore enhancing the professionalism and improving the social recognition of estheticians. The study brings up the importance of pre-education which proposes the following; First, adding subjects which are more effective in real practice and improves social recognition. Second, institutionalizing the qualification of exam by completing the mandatory education hours per subject. The survey was conducted during a time period from 1. October 2012 to 10. October 2012, with a valid sample of 144 responses from the managers and lecturers at the Seoul/Gyeonggi area. A cross-tabulation was done using SPSS 19 for the frequency- and difference analysis among response characteristics. Interpreting the study results, the institutionalization of such reinforcements on the conditions for the qualification of exam will be an effective measure to improve the adaptability to the real field right after being certified - therefore reducing the time- and economic consumption which were spent for re-education. The prerequisites for the exam should be as follows; 1) Complete the subjects based on according mandatory education hours, 2) Experience how to manage the customers in the actual field by taking such practical courses at a reliable learning institute. If all candidates take the exam after meeting those conditions, they will be apt to satisfy the needs of premium customers who are enjoying the growth of their economical status and are getting more interested in esthetics. Also, this will contribute in the development of the skin care industry as well as in a significant enhancement of the social recognition of estheticians.

This study investigates the effect of Gol-gi Therapy on facial contour and skin elasticity. 20~35 year old female and male were participated in this study. The therapy was performed to eighteen volunteers for 10 times, in 4 weeks. The effect of therapy was evaluated on identical condition at before starting therapy, after 5 and 10 times. The length of the face was significantly reduced after 5 and 10 times. The width of the face measured under the eyes and lower jaw also noticeably decreased after 5 and 10 times. The elasticity of the face skin was increased in all volunteers 5 and 10 times after. The satisfaction questionnaire assessment was positive on every item from all attendees after therapy.

The foremost concern of contemporary women is well reflected in the newly-coined word ‘honey skin’ which means clean and fresh skin like that of babies they wish to maintain. In an attempt to suggest ways to treat skin effectively, the present paper is aimed at comparing water- or oil-content, resilience, roughness, size of pores and clearness in skin’s T·U zone of women in the 20s who have treated their skin using physical scrubbing and chemical enzymes during deep cleaning. From the comparison, it was found that skin care by means of deep cleansing is effective in terms of water- or oil-content, resilience, roughness, size of pores and clearness in skin. The outcome also showed that the skin care increased oil-content, particularly water-content drastically, in enzyme than scrubbing. It is therefore recommended to use enzyme for dry skin and scrubbing for oily skin since it decreases oil. It should be noted, however, that it is advised to use moisturizers that have similar structure as skin barrier because overt use of deep cleansing could cause harm to skin.

The purpose of this study was to examine which influence the stone therapy has upon improvement in low back pain and abdominal obesity. Research subjects were adult women who dwell in Daejeon area. 12 adult women were randomly selected who have over 23 for BMI(body mass index) of body fat and over 6 points for low back pain. It was carried out three times a week for 8 weeks with 50 minutes per once. 6 people for the experimental group were carried out stone and manual therapy. 6 people for the control group were carried out manual therapy. Thus, the following conclusions were obtained. First, both the experimental group and the control group had effect of reduction in abdominal circumference. The effect of body fat mass had significant difference only in a group with parallel execution of stone therapy management and manual therapy. Second, both the experimental group and the control group had effect of reduction in low back pain. However, the effect was indicated to be significantly higher in a group with parallel execution of stone therapy management and manual therapy. Accordingly, the heat therapy of using stone therapy increased skin temperature in the body. Hence, the abdominal massage with parallel execution of stone and manual therapy was indicated to have positive effect on response to adult obesity and low back pain.

In this study, we evaluated the validity of Japanese rice cake as a media for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of moisturizing capacity of lip makeup products, and made a comparative study of FCG method suggested by Fujisankei Communication Groups (FCG) Research Institute and its modified methods. The Japanese cake was found to be a useful tool to evaluate visually the moisturizing capacity of lip makeup products (lop balm, lip stick, and lip gloss), for lip makeup products showed excellent spreadability on it and cracking occurred very sensitively as the surface of the cake was dried. While there were disadvantages to the method that a tester’s own subjective judgment should be relied upon, and that it was difficult to observe the cracking state of products of high brightness or transparent colors. The FCG method was useful for evaluating the relative rankings of moisturizing capacity of lip makeup products, and a modified method, which measures the moisture loss of the cake was useful for evaluating quantitatively of the moisturizing capacity the lip products. However, there are limits to the use of Japanese cake for universal assessment techniques because it is difficult to get Japanese cake in countries other than Japan as well as Japanese cake has difficulty in the standardization of its water content and surface area.

In modern society, we could easily find multicultural people is in society at large, since the globalization and human resource communication between country. From the reason of international marriage which is the highest distribution of multicultural women, foreign worker, and international student, the chinese women in Korea have the highest distribution rate. We study the appearance concern on beauty management act by realizing the importance of appearance management in this society, targeting to chinese women. The fact of appearance concern is classified by 3 facts which are self appearance concern, fashion oriented concern, and others copy concern. Also, the beauty control act is classified by 4 facts which are skin-hair care act, make up care act, body care act, and beauty and plastic surgery care act. Chinese women have lots of intention to appearance, but not active attitude. they have a negative view to plastic surgery for beauty, and are interest to subjective care such as skin and hair care act by considering self physical condition rather than others. And the advanced research shows interest to Korean make technique and Korean cosmetic at make up care. From the result, among the low rank of beauty care, make up is the most linked closely to fashion.

This paper conducted a study as to how damaged hair quality was Improved not only by washing effect with a produced shampoo but also by measuring tensile strength, contents of amino acid and absorbance of hair washed with a shampoo produced by amino acid. The result of absorbance analysis indicated that the shampoo improved the level of damages on hair as its measurement value was lower than a plain shampoo. As analysis of amino content, the hair damage was reported to be improved as the content of amino acid on hair painted with the shampoo was a little increased. As the result of tensile strength test, hair damage was reported to be improved as tensile strength was improved when hair was washed with a shampoo. From the results mentioned above, when people’s hair was washed with a shampoo whose main ingredient was amino acid, it’s proved that there was an effect for improving damaged hair caused by dyeing and bleaching operation. As a shampoo made of amino acid could be produced and used for experts in hair shops, its commercialization value was believed to high.