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This study analyzed raw Rhus verniciflua stem bark extract and detoxified fermented Rhus verniciflua stem bark extract in order to figure out their physiological characteristics as cosmetic materials after experimenting their cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory effects, melanin-inhibitory effects and MMP-1 expression. As a result, the analysis found the followings: In terms of LPS-induced NO-inhibitory activity, amount of COX-2’s mRNA and MMP-1 expressed, the fermented Rhus verniciflua stem bark extract was lower than the Rhus verniciflua stem bark extract. In particular, inhibition of melanoma cell proliferation over α-MSH and significant reduction in the amount of melanin and tyrosinase protein expressed were observed. The said results reveal that fermented Rhus verniciflua stem bark extract would be very useful as a natural skinwhitening and anti-aging cosmetic material.

This study intended to provide the basic material for improving the social prejudice against the makeup behavior of visually handicapped women and developing the makeup program suited to the characteristic of visual impairment. For this purpose, it investigated the actual conditions of visually handicapped women’s makeup behavior. To collect data through the questionnaire research, this study employed both the quantitative research and the qualitative research through in-depth interview. The Braille-translation questionnaire was employed under the visual discomfort of the respondents, and data obtained from the questionnaire research for a total of 160 persons were statistically analyzed with the use of SPSS WIN 21.0. As a result, the following findings were obtained: First, the very high proportion of the responding visually handicapped women put on makeup. In spite of the handicap-caused discomfort, the high proportion of them put on makeup, and the reason for not putting on makeup was not visual impairment. Second, the highest proportion of the visually handicapped women responded that the purpose of makeup was ‘to give a good impression on others’. Their makeup behavior is not simply the one in management terms but in psychological terms of relationship to others as the social factor. So an attempt was made to investigate the relationship between the social factor and makeup consciousness. As a result, it was found that the ‘social factor had a significant effect on makeup consciousness’. Third, it was hypothesized that there would be a difference in self-esteem according to presence or absence of putting on makeup. It was tested that ‘Putting on makeup had a significant effect on self-esteem’. This study emphasizes that support at the level of academic circles, organizations and nation government is needed to develop and provide the makeup program enhancing the understanding of visually handicapped women’s makeup behavior, meeting their aesthetic desire and contributing to their integration into the members of society.

Alopecia negatively effects on normal social life and human relationship in modern society which focuses on physical appearance. This study understands actual condition of alopecia workers who are 20-30years old and exposed to particular environment wearing dust-free garment. It finds out the effect of wearing the dust-free garment on alopecia. Accordingly 80 workers, the garment wearers were subjected in question and diagnosis investigation. As a result, 61.3% of the garment wearer was in hair loss. The primary reason was wearing of dust free garment. Early stage of alopecia was 81.6% in their twenties. 46.9% showed early stage of the alopecia after 1 year of wearing the dust-free garment. 26.5% showed alopecia after 3 years. It reflects that the alopecia was induced within 3 years after wearing the garment. The cause of alopecia was inquired into change of body temperature due to wearing of the dust-free garment. 62.3% of alopecia patient had high temperature and 61.5% had highest humidity on their parietal region. The fact that temperature of parietal region will effect on hair loss already has proven case and elevation of humidity effects on alopecia since it provides good environment to become sensitive scalp condition and proliferate bacteria. The researchers could confirm that stress from change of body temperature (in other words, elevation of temperature and humidity of parietal region) and closed construction manifested major cause of alopecia. There is no specific mechanism of alopecia since it is too complicated and various. The researchers see that abnormality of endocrine system and external environmental factors worked together. Therefore, it is hard to say that wearing the dust-free garment is the only reason of alopecia, but it gives significant effects on it. From now on we need constant study to improve prevention of alopecia for workers in important industry.

The beauty industry in Korea, thanks to the country’s advanced technology as well as the rising popularity of the Korean Wave, is recognized as a new player in such areas as tourism and exports, and has a huge potential for growth. Nevertheless, while the local skincare industry boasts world-class technology, most of skincare shops in Korea are small in scale in terms of their business and labor management and their rate of returns. Consequently, this study aims to suggest that skincare workers seek an increase in sales by selling more products in the shop in an attempt to boost sales as well as to change the profit structure that rests solely on technology. Since most skincare shops carry professional cosmetics, this study explores whether skincare workers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province perceive sales of professional cosmetics as a source of profit. The results show that, unlike in the past when skincare workers were not active in selling professional cosmetics, they now have positive perceptions of selling a wide range of products for the increase in sales and the proportion of sales. This change in the perception clearly indicates that, in order to boost sales in skincare shops, skincare workers are required to establish themselves as skincare experts by obtaining necessary professional skills. This study shows a change in skincare workers’ perception. In other words, skincare workers thinks that they are required to sell professional products so that the skincare industry can grow into a professional from its current low-budget status. Therefore, it is the right time to consider various methods, including professional training for workers, education, etc., in order to promote sales of professional cosmetics.

This research was performed to seek for a solution that could actually reduce the rate of occupational change that usually brought social net loss by understanding the specific work environment of male hair designers and looking into the factors of a turnover intention. For this research, an objective analysis was performed on the materials obtained from a questionnaire with the use of spss 20.0 program. To summarize a result of the analysis, working conditions of male hair designers were very poor as their income did not reach the average monthly income of a normal office worker and their working hours were also much longer than the average working hours. Furthermore, a dominant occupational change was highly affected by lack of skill development and an evasive occupational change was highly affected by unsatisfactory working conditions. I looked into a solution for reducing the rate of occupational change on the basis of such result and the first solution would be the provision of an opportunity of skill development for reducing the rate of dominant occupational change, that is to say, allowing them to develop their skills continuously with the continuous provision of an educational opportunity suitable for a specialized job and of an opportunity to acquire new beauty skills and techniques. The second solution for reducing the rate of evasive occupational change would be removing the unsatisfactory elements in working conditions. For this, reduced working hours, a raise in wage, and assured day-offs would be required. I believe that these solutions will be an actual solution for reducing occupational changes..

A natural skin water treatment method using a water sprayer has developed. The new method allows skin breathing and also activates natural metabolism of skin. The water spraying method washes sebum including extraneous substances, impurities, and germs inside hair and sweat pores. Moreover, the secretion of sebum from its sebum gland is activated after 20 minutes of the treatment. The water content in the entire skin can be maintained as a high level for about 30 minutes after the treatment while the skin is conditioned at a moisturized state. The fine wrinkles caused by skin aging are prevented, and the water spraying makes fine water bubbles which generate many anions in the room air. This method based on the water spraying has an advantage of improving working environments because it relatively improves the humidity in skin treatment rooms at the change of seasons especially. Additionally it treats millet troubles in the entire face with some skin troubles such as sting pains and itching due to severe swells of some festered troubles, and facial fevers. An asymmetric face that represents a slanted state of the entire face can be restored and balanced. In conclusion, the new skin water treatment method increases the skin immunity by increasing the self-cleaning and self-generation power of skin itself. Moreover, supplying enough moisture to the sweat gland, skin, and hair of the surface layer is a great help to skin breathing and skin care.

Skin hydration is referred as the intra- and intercellular water content in the epidermis and the dermis. There are diverse in vivo assessment methods of the water content of the skin, however, in vitro assessment method of cellular water content has not been largely investigated and developed yet. Here, we developed a novel in vitro simple assessment method of cellular water content in keratinocytes using coloring silica gel. For this, we raised question about three aspects; the first is that whether the level of color change of silica gel can be correlated with the level of water content, the second is that whether the changed level of color can be quantifiable, the third is that whether the cellular water of keratinocytes can be absorbed into silica gel. We simply confirmed that its own ‘Red’ color of silica gel was changed to yellow in a H2O concentration dependent manner. Next the images of the results were adjusted to be only red and yellow color images, and then the only red color area of the images was extracted by controlling the L*a*b* values of them. Using Image J software, the intensity of the extracted red color area of each image was quantified. And we found that the level of color change is statistically correlated with a H2O concentration. Then, we investigated whether silica gel could absorb the cellular water of keratinocyte, and the color of silica gel would be changed in a keratinocyte’s water content dependent manner. The intensity level of red color area of silica gel was significantly decreased as the number of keratinocyte increased. Also the level of its red color was different between undifferentiated keratinocyte and differentiated keratinocytes. As a result, these data indicate that the cellular water of keratinocyte can be absorbed into silica gel, and the level of color change of it is statistically correlated with the level of water content of keratinocytes. Therefore, the silica gel-mediated assessment method of water content can be useful for many researches implications and for the evaluation of cosmetics.

Corni fructus, the fruits of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. one important ingredient in east asia herbal mixture. This study conducted to evaluate the effects of Corni fructus ethanol extracts on the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity by P. acnes. Anti-bacterial activity and cytotoxicity of Corni fructus extracts was analyzed by MTT assay and MIC. The cytokines gene expressions were assesses by real time RT-PCR for IL-1α, TLR-2, COX-2. Activation of NF-κB was observed by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. There were no anti-bacterial effects and cytotoxicity as 15.6 ㎍/ml of Corni fructus ethanol extracts in MTT assay and MIC. Transcription levels of inflammatory cytokines, IL-1α, TLR-2, COX-2 were increased by P. acnes in NHEKs. Corni fructus extracts decreased the up regulated gene transcription levels. Translocation of NF-κB into nucleus by P. acnes was significantly inhibited by Corni fructus extracts. From the results, Corni fructus extracts have inflammatory effects on NHEKs, which decreased the mRNA expressions of IL-1α, TLR-2, COX-2 and inhibit translocation of NF-κB from cytoplasm into nucleus by P. acnes. These results suggests the possibility that anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of Corni fructus ethanol extracts can be applied to prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside found abundantly in citrus fruits. In vitro and in laboratory research, hesperidin has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, reduced cholesterol and blood pressure. In this study, to investigate UVB- induced anti-oxidant and anti-aging effects of hesperidin, we measured ROS scavenging assay, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) -1, 3, type 1 collagen (col1A1) gene expression in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and NF-κB transcription activity in NIH 3T3 stable cell. Hesperidin at concentration of below 100 μM did not affect cell viability and in ROS scavenging activity, hesperidin had anti-oxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Futhermore hesperidin suppressed NF-κB transcription activity. To determine MMP-1, 3 and type 1 collagen gene expression is regulated by hesperidin, we performed Quantitative RTPCR (qRT-PCR) in HDFs. Levels of gene expression of MMP-1 and 3 were significantly decreased and col1A1 expression increased by hesperidin-dependently. From the above results, it is referred that hesperidin appears to have potent UVB-induced anti-oxidant and anti-anging activity. These finding suggest that hesperidin is useful ingredient for anti-aging effects of skin

Gynura Procumbens Merr. (GP) is South east Asian plant as traditional Compositae. In this study, I examined the whitening effect through Tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibitory assay. And The purpose of this study was to investigate the moisturizing effect of Gynura Procumbens extract. In the whitening effect experiment with tyrosinase, after 200 nM α-MSH treated B16F10 cell with 10 μg/mL GP extract , expression of MITF and tyrosinase significantly thinned in the lane. And in additional experiment of relative tyrosinase activity, it was decreased from 166.46% to 138.75%. These result sollectively suggest that Gynura Procumbens has whitening effect. When the GP extract was applied with a high concentration on human epidermal keratinocyte (HaCaT), Hyaluronic acid significantly increased to 200 ppm (142%) from 10 ppm (89%). In the stability evaluation, viscosity decreased time-dependent above 35℃ whereas pH didn’t show any change with time. In the usefulness evaluation, ‘very good’ was spreading 80%, absorption 68%, moisturize 62%, feel 34%, viscosity 24%, and ‘very bad’ didn’t show up at all. In conclusion, It may be inferred that Gynura Procumbens includes many kinds of whitening ingredients and the moisturizing compounds. Additionally, consistent study of Gynura Procumbens will allow people to utilize it in various ways as material of functional cosmetics.

The aim of this study is to find out the influences of education quality services of contract departments on the related businesses under industrial and educational cooperation and then to suggest a right direction to reconsider for those colleges’ education quality services. Firstly, according to the analyzed results of satisfaction to contract departments’ education quality services for related businesses, among 11 survey questions to do with education quality services, especially to the question ‘Foreign language education is being carried out that can be applied in the industries.’, the businesses surveyed show little satisfaction with the contract departments’ language education. Besides, the results of analysis of the effects of contract departments’ educational quality service on the related businesses’ management performance show that contentment of contract departments’ educational quality service is interrelated with the performance of related businesses, and so the higher the businesses’ satisfaction is, the better their management performances are. Thus, related universities, first of all, should give to working students a wide variety of opportunities to build up practical linguistic skills including English as well as Chinese and Japanese. Another important thing is that by closely interacting and discussing with beauty-related businesses, they should come up with and develop programs that can be utilized in the real working environments and diversify and professionalize theories of products, and education of practical training so that they should reduce the burden of students as much as possible who have to be educated about the same subjects through meaningless repetition not merely in the contract department but also in the workplace.

There is no doubt to say that study of customer satisfaction and loyalty is a continuously studied as a essential factor which is directly connected to business in marketing literature study. Naturally, customer satisfaction and loyalty are considered significantly in beauty service industry. Therefore, this study specifically investigated the influence of hedonic/utilitarian consumption value on the customer satisfaction. Moreover, it analyzed the influence of these factors on the loyalty and loyalty effect comparison of satisfied/unsatisfied customers with interaction effect comparison. For comparative analysis of this study, the researcher used regression analysis and analysis of variance by utilizing questionnaires to 300 male and female customers who are 20-50 years old for recent 2 years. Main result of this study can be summarized as follow. Above all, in case of satisfaction, the result was different from preformed hypothesis. Hedonic value positive affected to satisfaction while utilitarian value didn’t gibe any available influences. Furthermore, a customer group that supports hedonic value showed eminently higher satisfaction than a customer group that supports utilitarian value. Next, in case of analysis of loyalty, the result showed higher value of loyalty of customer who upholds hedonic value rather than who supports utilitarian value like the preceding result of satisfaction, and there was interaction between the two factors. We identified that the change of age, culture and standard of living changed formal perception of beauty service which considered as life convenience service into hedonic service. Therefore, we need to take notice of change of pursuing consumption value of consumers towards hair beauty service.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mugwort fumigation on the body fat percentage, the waist-hip ratio, the stress index for women and to make positive contributions to the quality of their life and to qualitative improvement in the beauty industry. Physical changes were measured before the experiment and five weeks, ten weeks, fifteen weeks, and twenty weeks after the experiment; then, the collected data were statistically analyzed using an SPSS 20.0 program. The results of this study are as follows: First, the experimental group had statistically significant variation in body fat percentage by groups and measurement time. Both the main effects based on measurement time and the interactive effects based on groups and measurement time were statistically significant. Second, the experimental group had statistically significant variation in the waist-hip ratio by groups and measurement time. Both the main effects based on measurement time and the interactive effects based on groups and measurement time were statistically significant. Third, the experimental group had statistically significant variation in the stress index by groups and measurement time. Both the main effects based on measurement time and the interactive effects based on groups and measurement time were statistically significant.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of whole meridian massage after drinking of Schisandra extract for concentration changes in the blood lipid. after selecting the people to appeal to above normal fatigue after performing meridian massage for women 30`s to 50’s and on the secondary experiment, 8 control group and 8 experimental group who drinking Schisandra extract before massage were performed 2 hours meridian massage. Effect was tested using repeated measures SPSS (wilcoxon signed rank test) tests. Comparing the results before and after the massage, TG was showed a significant decrease of 14.52% in the control group, a significant decrease of 24.63% in the experimental group but It reduced 70% more than the control group in the experimental group. TC was showed a significant decrease of 1.27% in the control group and a significant decrease of 1.75% in the experimental group. LDL-C was showed an significant increase of 2.81% in the control group and an significant increase of 2.64% in the experimental groups. HDL-C was showed an increase in the control group 3.02% significantly, an significant increase of 4.03% in the experimental group but It was showed 1% highly than the control group in the experimental group. Lipolysis enzyme lipase was showed a significant decrease in the control group is 4.99% and an increase of 1.06% in the experimental group. meridian massage is reduced for TG in-blood and It was found that Schisandra extract is further promoted the TG decrease, increasing the HDL-C. inhibits the degradation of lipolysis enzyme lipase activity. Therefore this method will be more effective in reducing body fat using a meridian massage.

Bee venom, also known as apitoxin, is a bitter colorless liquid, which has a quite stability in temperature. It has been used for many years in traditional therapy as relieve pain and treat inflammatory. The skin goes change due to aging by environmental factors, divided in to intrinsic and extrinsic. ultraviolet (UV), one of extrinsic factor, is known as a main inducer of skin aging. Especially, UVB reported that lead to DNA damage, sun burn, and ROS creation. In this study, researcher investigated that whether bee venom affects to aging manifestations, such as wrinkle, sagging, skin tone, and evenness. To evaluate efficacy on aging skin phenomena, clinical efficacy trials were conducted using Antera 3D, Robo skin analyzer CS50, KONG PC Camera, and spectrophotometer. Improvement of wrinkle, sagging, and skin evenness were assessed using ANTERA 3D. Robo skin analyzer CS50 and spectrophotometer assessed improvement of skin tone. KONG PC Camera used to measuring facial keratinized cell. Measurements were taken three times, namely, before application, immediately after treatment, and 1 week after treatment. Through cellular efficacy trials, using human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), researchers verified that bee venom has protective effects on UVB induced gene expression of MMP1 and COL1A1, which known as extracellular matrix (ECM) regulated genes. In conclusion, bee venom improves UVB-induced cellular damage, including ECM regulated gene expression, and aged skin manifestations. These results suggest bee venom as a new, effective anti-aging cosmetic ingredient.

The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of anthocyanin pigments of Grape skin. In order to achieve this purpose, anthocyanin concentration was analyzed by measuring absorbency from anthocyanin 540 nm of Grape skin and color changes were observed according to changes in temperature and pH through color measurement. hair dyeing of anthocyanin pigments was found to very good at 40℃ for 20 min. Unmordanted Hair dyeing was increased in dye intake (K/S) with increased dyeing temperature and hair color was changed from dark red to bright red. anthocyanin pigments were specially sensitive to pH and dye intake was decreased with increased pH. Higher acidity generally led to a stronger reddish tint, while higher alkalinity led to a decrease in red coloration and a stronger yellow tint. For hair dyeing, mordanting methods(pre-mordanting, simultaneous mordanting, or post-mordanting) should be selected in consideration of the characteristics of mordants (dye intake, lightless, chroma and color). Based only dye intake(K/S), while simultaneous mordanting was effective for FeSO4, MnSO4, AlK(SO4)2, CaCO3, Na2CO3, pre-mordanting was effective for MgSO4, CH3COOH, post-mordanting was effective for CuSO4, Co(NO3)2. The rate of colorfastness was decreased with repeating shampoo washing. From these results, we can confirm that the extracts from Grape skin may be useful in the materials of hair coloring dye.

As our contemporaries increase the demand to maintain their youth for a long time, the number of researches on finding natural substances for anti-aging or whitening effect has been increased as well. While mushroom has been well-known for its various types and outstanding effects, since the research of mushroom as an ingredient of cosmetics has not been active, this study is to find the natural whitening substance by using the extract of Pleurotus eringii, which is being spotlighted as health food. The ingredient used in this study is pesticide-free mushroom harvested in December 2014 at Munsan-eup, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do Province, and it was extracted at the atmospheric temperature by using 80% MeOH and concentrated. Prior to the whitening test, the cellulotoxic evaluation against melanin-α cell, and as the in vitro cellulotoxicity relies on activation of mitochondria of cell, the in vitro cellulotoxicity was measured with WST-1 reaction solution to determine the survival of cell. The result indicated that the survival rate of cell under the concentration below 200 ppm was over 80%, and based on this result, the concentration without cellulotoxicity was set to perform the main test. The whitening effect was confirmed through the tyrosinase deactivation test and the melanin synthesis inhibition test. As a result, the IC50 value of tyrosinase activation by the extract of Pleurotus eringii was measured to be 49.22 mg/mL, and the IC50 value of Vitamin C used as a positive comparison group was measured to be 239.01 ㎍/mL. In the melanin synthesis inhibition test, the melanin synthesis was reduced concentration-dependently. Especially in the test concentration, the melanin synthesis inhibition was statistically similar to the inhibition with Arbutin, which has been used as a positive comparison group. In conclusion, the whitening effect by the extract of Pleurotus eringii shows outstanding result as it leads to the concentration-dependent inhibition of tyrosinase activation and melanin synthesis. Therefore, the extract of Pleurotus eringii has not only the fair possibility to be used as an ingredient of cosmetics but also the possibility to be used as natural ingredient for internal and external beauty, through the prospect and continuous researches on correlation with health food.