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국회는 입법권을 국민으로부터 위임받은 국가의 입법중심기관이다. 우리나라 국회는 60여 년 동안 운영되면서 여러 어려움을 경험하였다. 집권세력에 휘둘리기도 하고, 스스로 잘못된 입법이나 입법절차로 인하여 곤경에 빠지기도 하였다. 그런데 국회는 1987년 헌법을 기점으로 하여 정부가 제출한 법률안을 통과만 시켜주던 통법부에서 벗어나, 입법부 본연의 자세를 찾기 위한 노력을 기울이고 있다. 2000년에 오면서 국회는 국회의원의 입법활동을 지원하기 위하여 입법조사처를 신설하였고, 국회법을 여러 차례 개정하여 국회 내에서 폭력행위나 날치기통과가 원천적으로 봉쇄되도록 하였다. 특히 18대 국회에서는 국회선진화법을 통과시킴으로서 선진국회를 위한 제도개선을 가속하고 있다. 국회는 입법부로서 헌법으로부터 부여받은 법률제정권을 행사하고 있다. 국가의 법체계에서 법률은 국민의 자유와 권리 및 재산에 관한 중요한 내용을 규율하는 중요한 규범이다. 그래서 국회가 법률을 제정 하거나 개정하기 위하여 어떤 절차를 밟아야 하는지, 법률의 제정절차가 무엇보다 중요하다. 국가작용 중 가장 중요한 입법작용을 국회에 위임 하고 있는 이상 그 취지를 생각해 본다면 법률안처리는 어디까지나 국민을 위하여 적법하게 처리되어 한다. 입법절차는 신중하면서 세밀 하게 또한 시의적절하게 기간을 준수해야 한다. 그리고 입법절차는 국 가법체계를 고려하고 다른 법과 상관관계를 감안한 절차가 필요하다. 특히 우리나라 헌법은 정부의 법률안 제출권을 인정하고 있기 때문에 국회가 행정부의 적절한 협조를 통하여 법률안의 필요성을 검토하여 중복되거나 의미없는 법률안을 걸러내는 장치를 만들어 가동시키고, 법률안의 내용에 대한 충분한 검토가 될 수 있도록 해야 한다. 민주주의는 다양성을 전제로 한다. 법률안의 처리에 있어서 법률안의 주요 내용이나 처리절차 등을 여야가 토론과 정보교환을 통하여 합의하는 것은 처리의 효율성을 위하여 필요한 일이다. 그렇지만 모든 법률안에 대하여 이런 절차를 밟는다면 이는 민 주주의를 무시하는 것이다. 법률안에 대하여 반대의견이 존재한다면 적법절차에 따라 다수결원칙을 적용하여 처리해야 한다. 그리고 특별한 심의가 필요하지 않는 한 해당 상임위원회의 심의가 끝나면 법제사법위원에서 특별하게 이의를 제기하지 않는 한 일정 기간 내에 본회의의 표결절차로 갈 수 있도록 해야 한다. 민주적 법치 국가에서 국회의원은 자신이 입법자라는 것을 자각해야 하고 전체 국민의 봉사자라는 책임의식도 갖고 있어야 한다.

The Congress is the legislative agency of the country entrusted by the public to legislate. The Korean Congress experienced many diffi culties in the past 60 years of its sessions. They were influenced by the ruling party and met troubles by its own wrongful legislation and legislative process. However, the Congress started to make efforts to find its own role as of the enactment of the 1987 Constitution, not just passing the bills submitted by the government. The congress established the investigative body of legislation in 2000s to support Congressmen’s legislative activities to stop the violence and rushing through the bills in the Congress from its roots through the series of revisions of the National Assembly Laws. Especially, the 18th Congress passed the Advancement Bill of the National Assembly to improve the system. The Congress exercises the right of legislation granted by the Constitution as a legislative body. The laws within the country are significant regulating important details about the liberty, rights, property of its citizens. Therefore, for the Congress to enact or revise the laws, the legal procedures are important. The most important role of legislation is entrusted to the Congress, so the treatment of bills should be law fully made for the citizens. The legislation procedure should be dealt with caution, attention to details, and observance to the time. Also, the procedure should consider the national legal system and its rele vancy to other laws. In particular, the Korean Constitution allows the government’s right to submit bills, thus the Congress should review the necessity of the bills through the cooperation with the administr ation to eliminate overlapping or meaningless laws. Democracy is based on diversity. The treatment of bills should be made through the discussion and exchange of information between the opposing parties about the major content of the bills and their proce dures to secure efficiency. However, doing so for all bills would be in contrary to democracy. The opposition to bills should be dealt with the rule of majority according to the right procedures. After a review by the standing committee for cases not requiring special reviews and the absence of objections by the Legislation and Judiciary Committee, the bills should be put to the vote in a general meeting within a certain time period. Congressmen in a democratic country governed by the law should realize they are the legislators and should serve the entire citizens with a sense of responsibility.

Modern life are made based on communication and the various law enforcement agencies in crime also damage the eyes being made in secret in the sense that more law enforcement agencies such as the purpose of a criminal investigation, the need for tapping the problem can not be overlooked. In addition, the breadth and speed of the communication of the damage so extensive as to connect with influential national security and foreign inward security is required for the rapid and substantial eavesdropping situation. However, it goes without the consent of the parties of the nature of wiretapping and privacy violations of personal rights , and therefore inevitably a matter of tapping overarching regulation. As seen before , but abroad , tapping equipment is to be operated only by operators and law enforcement agencies of the court's permission to receive such carriers can be provided with the information from eavesdropping and interception by encrypting information using technologies such operators information, as well as anyone can not change, delete, and access to facilities management and related materials for tapping logging as a way to save ever to prevent abuse of wiretapping, especially in this private standards organizations and technical standards established in to be institutionalized as a way to comply with. The effectiveness of wiretapping and interception system of standardized regulations for the law enforcement agencies and the information it provides fast and effective interception, interception records for the people of this nameumeuro lawful interception procedures and whether the interception of information to the public is judged ex post in that it can be self- tapping validity for proper regulation will be able to function as a means. The concept of standardization are tapping discomfort and anxiety that comes from the word itself is beogeoun discussed and it is a fact that, as fast and efficient as this is necessary in situations standardized tapping tapping tapping system that can effectively regulate abuse will be referred to the appropriate means. Suggested keondae various communications system according to the introduction of interception standardized Do will now be reviewed.

외국인근로자는 우리나라 경제규모의 신장과 세계화 추세에 맞물려 꼭 필요한 근로인력으로 자리 잡고 있으며, 이와 함께 불법체류 외국 인노동자의 수도 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 불법체류 외국인근로자는 이들의 고용 및 직업과 관련된 차별만아니라 단속과 보호시설 입소와 관련된 인권 침해적 측면에서도 문제를 야기하고 있다. 본고에서는 이 처럼 현재 우리나라에 체류하고 있는 불법체류 외국인근로자의 인권보 호가 미흡한 상황 하에서 불법체류의 원인과 실태에 대한 논의를 통해 불법체류 외국인근로자 문제의 개선을 강구하고자 한다.

Foreign workers are settling as necessary workforce caused by g rowth of economic scale and globalization trend, therefore the numb er of illegal foreign workers are also increasing. They are suffering not only from the discrimination with respect to employment and oc cupation but also in serious interference on their human rights with respect to the basic rights related to their control and protective fac ility management. This article is consideration about insufficient cou ntermeasures for them and further the cause and status of illegal st aying. With this, we will seek for improvements about issues to th ese illegal resident.

Mutual aid businesses appeared in the early 1980's and rapidly developed, but there has been a great deal of consumer damage stemming from consumer payments made in advance, a trait of mutual aid businesses. In 2010, the 'Installment Transaction Act' was revised to prevent consumers from such damages and promote the healthy growth of businesses, subjecting mutual aid businesses to the Act. Many countermeasures, such as the mutual aid enterprise registration system, minimum capital requirement for establishment of mutual aid enterprises, introduction of a consumer indemnity insurance system, and arrangements for legal basis for establishment of mutual aid associations, have been legislated for consumer protection. Yet consumer distrust or cynical air in society still persists. Legislation providing consumer protection while pursuing development of mutual aid businesses is necessary. I believe legislation on mutual aid businesses is needed in the long term and consumer protection is needed in the short term as a supplement for further reinforcement of the current Installment Transaction Act. It is necessary to expand information offerings, extend the coverage of compensation for consumer damages, and create a balance between applicable laws and standardized agreements. It is desirable to introduce external accounting audits and a compulsory public notification system, in addition to the regulation of operation of assets, especially for financial soundness of mutual aid companies. Next, legislation for a management improvement order system under the Installment Transaction Act is required after observing the feasibility of comprehensive supervision over individual mutual aid companies.

우리 사회는 오랜 기간 우여곡절을 겪으면서도 경제발전과 민주화를 이루었다. 그렇지만 그 과정에서 발생한 사회적 갈등이나 분쟁을 해결 하지 못하고, 많은 혼란을 경험하였다. 1987년 개정헌법에서 헌법재판 제도를 본격적으로 도입하면서 사회통합의 저해요소 중에 하나였던 악 법을 합법적 절차에 따라 정리함으로써 사회발전에 기여하고 있다. 사회통합을 위해서는 다양하게 산재해 있는 사회갈등부터 해결하거나 해소해야 한다. 헌법의 기본원리인 법치국가원리는 합법적인 절차에 따라 사회갈등을 해결할 있도록 제도를 마련하고 있다. 국가권력에 대한 헌법기속력, 국민의 기본권 보장과 권력분립원칙, 사법제도와 헌법재판 제도의 구축 등 다양한 제도적 장치를 통하여 법치국가의 실현을 위하여 헌법은 명문화하고 있다. 그렇지만 이러한 제도만으로 사회적 갈등을 해소시키고 사회통합으로 나아갈 수는 없다. 더구나 우리 사회에서 사회 통합의 저해요인인 부패나 비리를 척결하지 않으면, 국민의 불신을 해소 시킬 수 없고, 사회통합도 불가능하다. 사회통합을 위해서는 우리 사회에서 먼저 사회지도층에 의한 부패나 비리를 발본색원하여 차단해야 한다. 이를 통하여 공정사회를 실현하지 않는 한 사회통합은 불가능하다. 또한 헌법이 요구하는 사회정의의 실현도 불가능하다. 헌법은 민주주의원리에 따른 다수의 지배와 소수의 보호를 지향하면서 법치국가의 목표인 사회정의의 실현을 추구한다. 공정사회와 사회정의가 실현은 사회통합을 위하여 무엇보다도 중요하다.

Our society has achieved economic development and democratization despite the complications that have lasted for a long period. However, we failed to solve the social conflict or dispute that took place in the process but ended up experiencing so much confusion. As the Constitution revised in 1987 induced the system of the Constitution Court decisively, we could organize our unjust law, one of the hindrance factors in our social integration, according to the legitimate procedure and it has contributed to our social development. In order to realize social integration, it is needed to solve or settle down social conflict that is widely spread. The principle of the constitutional state, the basic principle of the Constitution, presents a system that can solve social conflict according to the lawful procedure. The Constitution has been stipulated in order to realize the constitutional state based on diverse systemic devices such as exerting the effect of sentence of the Constitution over the state power, securing the people’s fundamental rights and the principle of separation of powers, and establishing the judicial system and the system of the Constitution Court. However, those systems are not enough to settle down our social conflict and realize social integration. Moreover, unless we eradicate corruption or irregularity, the hindrance factors to social integration, from our society, we will not able to do away with the people’s distrust or realize social integration. In order to realize social integration, first, our society should eradicate and prevent our social leaders’ corruption or irregularity. Unless we realize fair society through this, social integration will never be attained. And realizing social justice that the Constitution demands will never be achieved, either. The Constitution pursues ruling the majority and protecting the minority based on democratic principles and also realizing social justice, the goal of a constitutional state. Realizing fair society and social justice is more important than anything else for the sake of social integration.

A stay of execution suspends the execution of sentencing when a prisoner held in prisons after being sentenced to jail from court meets the requirement under applicable laws such as the Article 470 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. There were concerns about the stay of execution system so far for possibly providing privileges only to the socially powerful class such as politicians or businessmen and for problems where prisoners ran away after the stay of execution misusing the system. The current record of prisoners granted the stay of execution on different grounds recently presented by the Ministry of Justice reveals that 938 prisoners, which is 95% of 987 prisoners that were granted the stay of execution from 2013 through March 2013, were released on parole for medical reasons. Furthermore, some upper-class prisoners stayed in the VIP room to serve time during the period of stay of execution to abuse it as a place of refuge inviting criticism of so-called ‘legal break-out’. They were allowed to be hospitalized for a long time for an unlimited number of time and length of period staying in hospitals all over the country making the efficient supervision and management of them impossible. For the fair operation of the stay of execution system, there are discussions made in various fields about reforming the applicable laws such as the Code of Criminal Procedure while improving the system involving the treatment facilities for prisoners to protect their human rights. Particularly, Congressman Tae-Won Kim proposed a representative bill followed by Congressmen Cheong-Rae Jeong and Mok-Heu Lee who prosed a bill revising a part of the Code of Criminal Procedure concerning a stay of execution. Additionally, the Ministry of Justice strengthened the function and role of the review committee for the stay of execution to secure fairness and transparency in the system. The issues in the current stay of execution system are a. disputes in the objectivity and fairness in selecting recipients, b. the prosecution’ review as a mere formality, c. the presence of ambiguity in the ground for the stay of execution, d. absence of limitation on the periods and numbers of the stay of execution, e. inappropriateness of the supervisory (observatory) institution, and f. complexity in the application laws. To resolve these issues, the Revised Free-Sentencing Stay of Execution Process Guidelines (July 9, 2013) was reestablished and the contents are as follows. They are a. the ground for the stay of execution be came more demanding, b. the lack of medical knowledge in deciding the stay of execution was remedied, c. the review committee for the stay of execution was given more power, d. the right to receive not ice and raise objections was guaranteed, and e. the supervision for the prisoners granted the stay of execution was tightened. Basically, the stay of execution system can earn the trust of the public and serve its original purpose by ensuring objectivity, fairness, and procedural transparency. All systems are executed by people, therefore the person making the decision must have a faithful and fair attitude. Also, the stay of execution is granted in an emergency for essential cases and the decisions should be made as speedy as possible to serve its original purpose. For example, severe medical cases of prisoners range from 43% for hospitalization, 12.7% for intensive care units, and 6.9% for deaths relying heavily on professional medical emergency systems. Therefore, emergency stay of execution system guaranteeing no delay should be established. The world trends focus on the prevention of crimes rather than suppressing them as shown in their criminal policy making. The trend is likely to continue, so the persecution or court will expand the opportunities in the society for various free-sentencing prisoners rather than confine them in prison. It saves the cost to release them on parole or stay the execution than to detain them in prison. It also avoids the harm occurring due to confinement, provides humane conditions, and proved its effectiveness in non-confining punishment within the criminal law system. In this regard, the Temporary Release system of the U.S. and the U.K. should be introduced after a positive consideration. This system was known to contribute to the reformation of prisoners and helping them adapt to society greatly within the appropriate and necessary extent along with the release system. The purpose of its application is education, training, and jobs. The review of this temporary parole system in the aspect of stay of execution is urgently required to meet our unique environment.