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[PURPOSE] The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of Kinesio taping by comparing the repetition frequency, the EMG responses of iEMG and MPF with or without application of Kinesio taping during arm curl 10-RM. [METHODS] Subjects were consisted of 10 college men. The subjects performed non-taping 10-RM without Kinesio taping, or Taping 10-RM, and Taping Max-RM of 10-RM with Kinesio taping. The Kinesio taping were applied by the methods reported by KTAI (2011). Paired t-test and repeated ANOVA were used. [RESULTS] The repetition frequency of Taping Max-RM of 10-RM was increased about 25.2% than that of Non-taping 10-RM(p<.01). There were significant difference in iEMG among Non-taping 10-RM, Taping 10-RM, and Taping Max-RM of 10-RM both biceps brachii(p<.05) and pectorialis major(p<.01), and iEMG of Taping 10-RM was lower than iEMG of the others(p<.05). iEMG of Taping 10-RM both biceps brachii and pectorialis major was lower that of Non-taping 10-RM even the same physics work. There were no significant difference between iEMG of Non-taping 10-RM and iEMG of Taping Max-RM of 10-RM even repetition frequency after the application of taping were increased 25.2%. In case of MPF, there was no significant difference among Non-taping 10-RM, Taping 10-RM, and Taping Max-RM of 10-RM both biceps brachii and pectorialis major. MPF related with muscle fatigue factor showed no significant difference. [CONCLUSIONS] The repetition frequency of arm curl was increased about 25.2% after the application of Kinesio taping. Kinesio taping reduced iEMG of muscle during 10-RM. There was no significant difference in iEMG even at maximum repetition. However, MPF was not effected by application of taping.

[PURPOSE] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of muscle contraction speed on number of repetitions, exercise duration and muscle activation during push-up exercise in men. [METHODS] The study employed a randomized, counter-balanced crossover design with two testing sessions that were 3 months apart. Twelve, healthy, male collegiate students were asked to perform two exercises separately, normal-speed push-up (ECC: 1-s, CON: 1-s) and speedy-push-up (maximum speed), until repetition failure of volitional contraction. Outcomes were number of repetitions, exercise duration and muscle activation of the pectoralis major measured through surface electromyography (sEMG) during push-up exercises. The sEMG data were normalized to maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and expressed as a percentage (%MVIC) in both ECC phase and CON phase. [RESULTS] Number of repetitions (t=-5.352, p<.001), exercise duration (t=-5.837, p<.001) and muscle activity (t=-4.525, p=.023) were significantly different between two exercise conditions. [CONCLUSIONS] Normal-speed push-up exercise increased exercise duration and muscular activity while, and speedy push-up exercise increased number of repetitions. Further studies are warranted to elucidate associations between muscle adaptation stimulus and muscle contraction speed.

[PURPOSE] The purpose of this study was to investigate how 8 weeks Probody Massage program improve lower extremities alignment and plantar foot pressure in middle-aged women with musculoskeletal diseases. [METHODS] The subjects of this study were thirty middle-aged women with musculoskeletal diseases lived in B Metropolitan city, and they participated in the Probody Massage program for 8 weeks, 60 minutes a day, twice a week. Basic physical characteristics, lower extremities alignment and plantar foot pressure were measured and analyzed. [RESULTS] The Probody Massage program showed a positive change in lower extremities alignment and plantar foot pressure balance with musculoskeletal diseases in middle-aged Women. [CONCLUSIONS] This study suggested that Probody Massage improved and prevented posture unbalance of musculoskeletal diseases in middle-aged women. This program could be utilized for improvement of youth postures and foot pressure balance of musculoskeletal diseases in middle-aged women.

[PURPOSE] As athletes who overuse their shoulder joints obtain numerous shoulder injuries, freestyle wrestlers have been reported to sustain the highest rates of shoulder joint injuries. To prevent shoulder injury, increasing upper extremity dynamic stability by inducing reduction of external rotation(ER) range of motion(ROM) and expansion of internal rotation(IR) ROM is considered important. Thus, this study compared shoulder rotation range and upper extremity dynamic stability before and after McConnell taping to demonstrate the effectiveness of McConnell taping application on the shoulder. [METHODS] The subjects of this study included 14 male freestyle wrestlers who have a medical history of shoulder anterior instability(n=8) and no medical history(n=6). McConnell taping was selected as a method of shoulder taping. This study measured IR and ER ROM of the shoulder using a smart phone clinometer application. Upper extremity dynamic stability was evaluated utilizing Y-balance test score. [RESULTS] This study produced the following results: First, composite score of Y-balance test changed significantly dependent on both period and interaction of the test. Second, the IR-ROM test changed significantly dependent upon both period and interaction of the test. Third, there were significant differences in the period and interaction in ER-ROM. However, no significant differences were found between the groups. [CONCLUSIONS] McConnell taping decreased ER-ROM and increased IR ROM by moving the humeral head more posteriorly. It is suggested that McConnell taping has a positive effect on proprioception and neuromuscular control, acting as an important factor to raise upper extremity dynamic stability by increasing mechanical stability through proper support for, and protection of, the humerus and scapula. In conclusion, even wrestlers with a medical history of shoulder injury are expected to prevent shoulder injury by applying McConnell taping, but further study is needed to identify whether or not McConnell taping can deliver the same results in the field.

[PURPOSE] This study aims to understand types of business seeking kinesiologists and its job details, investigate types of qualification systems and job details of similar areas in Korea and other countries, and suggest basic directions for future curricular development for training kinesiologists through an analysis of kinesiologist-developing university curricular. [METHODS] Basic data were collected from homepages. Frequency analysis(α=.05) was employed for data analysis of employer's job posting in the web site of Korean Association of certified Exercise Professionals. Delphi method that 9 experts participated for decision-making was used for specific contents. [RESULTS] First, health and medical institutions sought for kinesiologists more than sports related facilities. Clinics put the most help-wanted advertisement. Second, the job duties needed for kinesiologist were mostly rehabilitation exercise for patients with muscular-skeletal injuries followed by health fitness and clinical exercise. But it was identified that Korean national license for Health/Fitness Instructor legally prohibits the body alignment exercise and rehabilitation training, and the period of occupational training is very long. Third, there were twelve different sport major departments in Korea that were for training kinesiologists. The curricular in these departments were not systematic for training highly qualitied specialists. Results also showed that the titles of classes were not identical. They were heavily weighted to the health fitness area. Experiment practice and field exercise were not performed actively. [CONCLUSIONS] In order to train trustful and highly professional kinesiologists, universities must consider revisions in curricular in the following directions. First, they need to develop a field-centered curriculum in which the practical competence of kinesiologist can be cultivated. Second, the classes which are commonly important to kinesiologists’ role performing need to be required common subjects. Third, subjects in which students can build basic medical knowledge should be required classes. Fourth, subjects such as evaluation of sports injury, therapeutic exercise, rehabilitation exercise and practicum should be reenforced. If all these curricular suggestions can be implemented, basically it is important that there should be a guidelines for the Korean and English titles of classes and practicum.