Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 뇌졸중 발생 후 독립적인 일상생활을 유지하기 위하여 근력강화 및 동작 수행능력을 증진시키기 위한 다양한 방법의 재활운동을 제시하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 뇌졸중의 의미, 재활운동의 중요성 및 재활운동의 방법에 대하여 알아보았다. 뇌졸중이란 뇌혈관의 이상에 의한 신경계통의 질환으로 국소 뇌 조직의 대사에 장애를 일으켜 국소 뇌조직 기능 이상이 임상증상으로 나타나는 질환이다. 재활운동은 뇌졸중 후 신체기능을 향상시키는데 필수적이다. 재활운동의 목표는 근력 회복, 걷는 모양 및 걷는 기술 향상, 뇌졸중 후 사지의 손실된 근육과 관절의 기능 향상 등이 있다. 재활운동은 경직 예방, 어개와 팔의 통증 예방, 낙상 및 골절 예방 등에 중요한 역할을 한다. 트레드밀 보행운동, 유산소성 운동, 근력 훈련, 수중운동 및 관절가동성(ROM)을 고려한 스트레칭 운동 등과 같은 재활운동은 기능적인 움직임 향상에 도움을 준다. 또한 뇌졸중의 회복은 중강도 운동에서 조기 재활훈련으로 가능하다. 결론적으로 뇌졸중은 뇌조직에 장애를 일으키는 질환이 지만, 장애 발생 후 지속적인 재활운동은 기능을 향상시키며 정상생활로 복귀할 기회를 제공한다.

The purpose of the present study is to present the various therapeutic exercise for the improvement of movement, the enhancement of muscular strength, and the maintenance of independence life. after cerebrovascular accident(CVA). This article study the meaning of stroke, the importance of therapeutic exercise, and the methods of therapeutic exercise. Stroke is the nerve system disease by the brain blood vessel disorder, and the clinical disease by the disorder of local brain function. Therapeutic exercise is necessary to improve the functions of the body after a stroke. The goal of therapeutic exercise is to strengthen muscles and improve gait, which is walking skills. Also, it helps loosen muscles and joints that may have become stiff in the arm or leg that was involved with the stroke, which improves the functional movement with walk on treadmill, aerobic exercise, muscle training, aqua exercise and ROM stretching exercise. Also, stroke recovery can be modulated by the intensity of exercise in early rehabilitation training. In conculsion, therapeutic exercise should be continued even after initial deficits have improved. This gives patients the best chance to get back to a normal life.

[PURPOSE] The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effects of emotional regulation factors on the relationship between stress and burn-out among college athletes. [METHODS] Four hundred fifty basketball, baseball and soccer athletes registered to the Korean Sport Olympic Committee completed the questionnaires, and 419 responses were used for the analyses after the initial screening process. Using the SPSS Ver.20.0, frequency analyses, exploratory factor analyses, validity analyses, correlation analyses, multiple regression analyses, and hierarchical regression analyses were performed. [RESULTS] Results showed, first, competition stress and athletic support factors positively influenced the emotional drain factor of the burn-out. Also, the impersonalization factor was positively influenced by competition, athletic performance, and athletic support while the personal achievement factor was positively influenced by competition and athletic performance. Next, these relationships between stress and burn-out of the college athletes were reported to be mediated by emotional regulation. Specifically, the regulating effect was displayed when competition, social environment and athletic support factors of stress were interacting with the cognitive reappraisal factor of the emotional regulation. [CONCLUSIONS] These results emphasize the importance of emotional regulation ability when college athletes are in the conditions with high levels of stress and burn-out.

운동학 학술지, 2014, 16(4): 101-113. 운동선수의 경력개발과 진로전환을 위한 정책 방안: 독일의 이중 경력 지원제도를 중심으로. [목적] 많은 운동선수들이 운동으로 인한 과중한 부담으로 인해 학업과 직업교육의 기회를 상실하고 은퇴 후 진로전환에 많은 어려움을 겪고 있는데, 우리선수들도 예외는 아니다. 따라서 여러 나라들이 운동과 학업 그리고 직업교육이 조화롭게 병행될 수 있는 환경을 만들고자 노력하고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 독일의 운동선수 진로지원프로그램인 이중 경력 지원제도를 살펴보고, 우리의 학생선수들을 포함한 엘리트스포츠 분야에 적용 가능한 방안을 도출하는데 있다. [방법] 이 연구는 주제와 관련한 선행 연구들 그리고 독일올림픽체육회와 독일 스포츠지원재단 등 독일의 관련 사이트의 자료들을 토대로 이루어졌다. [결과] 독일의 이중 경력 지원제도는 우리에게 다음과 같은 정책적 함의를 제시하고 있다. 첫째, 운동선수의 학습권 보장을 위해 학교제도의 변화가 필요하다. 독일의 스포츠엘리트학교는 우리 정부가 엘리트스포츠 분야의 주요 과제로 추진하고 있는 체육중점학급의 모 델로서 가능성이 있다. 둘째, 운동선수들이 운동과 학업 그리고 직업교육을 균형 있게 병행할 수 있도록 전문 지식을 갖춘 경력 상담사 제도가 확산될 필요가 있다. 셋째, 학생선수들이 운동과 학업을 조화롭게 병행할 수 있기 위해서는 사회 여러 분야들과 의 협력네트워크 조성이 필요하다. [결론] 운동선수들의 은퇴 후 순조로운 진로전환을 위해서는 학생선수 시절부터 운동과 학 업을 병행할 수 있는 환경이 필요하다. 독일의 이중 경력 지원제도는 하나의 모델로서 충분한 가치가 있다고 생각된다.

KINESIOLOGY, 2014, 16(4): 101-113. Policy Suggestions fot Athlete Career Transition after Retirement: A Case of German Support Program for Athlete's Dual Career. [PURPOSE] Due to heavy load of sport participation, it is true that a large number of athletes lose the opportunity for academics and vocational education. Korean athletes are no exception. As a result, athletes are often confronted with difficulties in career transition. Many countries work hard to create a supportive environment, in which athletes can successfully perform sport, schoolwork, and vocational education. The purposes of this study are to review the German support program for athlete's dual career and to develop policy suggestions for our elite sports. [METHODS] Previous studies and materials from athlete's dual career-related German internet site(DOSB, DSH, etc.) were extensively reviewed. [RESULTS] Policy implications from German support program for athlete's dual career are as follow: First, it is necessary to change the school system for athlete's right to learn. German elite school of sports(Eliteschule des Sports) can be a model for ‘sport class' which is one of the important future tasks in our government sport policy. Second, we need more professional career counselors who can help student athletes to perform sport, study, and vocational education harmoniously. Third, it is necessary for student athletes to develop a cooperation network of diverse sectors of society. [CONCLUSIONS] For the career transition after the retirement from elite sports, we need to build the environment in which student athletes can successfully perform sport and schoolwork.

본 연구는 발목 염좌로 인한 발목관절 불안정성이 있는 자들을 대상으로 뱁스보오드와 트렘폴린 운동이발목의 기능적 안정성에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 피검자 24명을 운동군 2집단(뱁스보오드 운동군: 8명, 트렘폴린 운동군: 8명)과 대조군(8명)으로 나누어 재활운동을 실시하였으며, 밸런스 운동 사전과 사후검사는 Romberg 검사와 Star Excursion Balance Test(SEBT) 검사를 실시하였다. 발목관절 정적 운동검사에서 건측의 경우 측정시기와 상호작용에서 각각 유의한 차이이가 나타났다(P<.01, P<.05). 환측의 경우 측정시기에서 유의한 차이이가 나타났다(P<.01). 발목관절 동적 운동검사에서 건측의 경우 가측, 뒤가측, 뒤측은 측정시기에서 유의한 차이이가 나타났고(P<.05, P<.01, P<.001), 뒤내측과 내측은 측정시기와 상호작용에서 각각 유의한 차이이가 나타났다(P<.01, P<.001). 환측의 경우 앞가측, 내측은 측정시기에서 유의한 차이이가 나타났고(P<.05, P<.001), 뒤측, 뒤내측은 측정시기와 상호작용(P<.05, P<.01), 앞내측은 상호작용에서 유의한 차이이가 나타났다(P<.05). 결론적으로 발목관절 염좌가 있는 환자의 재활 프로그램(운동)을 시행함에 있어서 고유수용기 훈련 및 통합적인 균형훈련을 포함한 기능적 운동이 발목의 기능적 안정성에 긍정적인 효과를 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of balance exercises on functional ankle stability in patients with ankle sprains. Twenty four subjects were divided into 3 groups: two exercise groups (BAPS board exercise group; trampoline exercise group) and one control group, each group consisted of 8 subjects. All subjects performed the Romberg test and Star excursion balance test (SEBT) before and after the balance training. The results of the Romberg test showed the time of measurement and interaction-effect were significant on the uninvolved side (P<.01, P<.05). The time of measurement was significant for the involved side (P<.01). The results of the SEBT test showed that lateral, posterolateral, and posterior directions were significant in the time of measurement on the uninvolved side (P<.05, P<.01, P<.001), and also posteromedial and medial directions were significant in the time of measurement and interaction-effect on the uninvolved side (P<.01, P<.001). Anterior and medial directions were significant in the time of measurement (P<.05, P<.001), posterolateral and posteromedial directions were significant in the time of measurement and interaction-effect (P<.05, P<.01), and anteromedial was significant in the interaction-effect on the involved side (P<.05). The results suggest that a rehabilitation program for patients with lateral ankle sprains should include proprioceptive and comprehensive functional balance exercises in order to improve functional stability of the ankle after lateral ankle sprains.

[서론] 임심기간 중 규칙적인 운동이 산욕기에 나타나는 신체적·정신적 변화에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 아직 알려진 바 없다. 본 연구에서는 임신기간 중 운동을 한 산모와 하지 않은 산모의 산욕기 건강관련체력, 산후우울, 체중변화를 비교하고 산전운동의 효과를 구명하여 임산부 운동처방의 자료를 제시함과 동시에 임산부의 건강과 출산 후 신체적·정신적 회복에 기여하는 데 있다. [방법] 본 연구의 피험자는 B광역시 D구에 위치한 A병원 조리원에 입실한 산욕부 중 대상자의 일반적 및 분만관련 특성을 설문지를 통해 검사하여 임신 5개월 이후부터 출산 전까지 규칙적인 걷기와 산전 요가프로그램에 참가했던 산모들을 운동군(Exe, n=9)으로 구성하였으며, 그렇지 않은 산모들을 비운동군(Nonexe, n=13)으로 구성하였다. 산전 요가프로그램은 RPE 11-13의 강도로 주 2회, 1시간씩 실시하였으며, 건강관련체력(최대하산소섭취량, 악력, 윗몸일으키기, 백 스크래치, 신체조성), 산후우울, 체중변화를 측정하였다. 연구의 측정결과는 SPSS ver. 12.0을 이용하여 측정항목의 평균값(M)과 표준편차(SD)를 산출하였다. 집단 간 항목별 평균값 차이비교를 위해 t-test를 실시하였으며 체중의 측정시기와 그룹 간 변화를 알아보기 위해 Two-way repeated ANOVA를 실시하였다. 통계적 유의수준은 α=.05로 설정하였다. [결과] 운동군이 비운동군에 비해서 최대산소섭취량, 오른쪽 및 왼쪽 back scratch, 제지방량이 유의하게(p<.05) 높게 나타났다. 근력 및 근지구력은 운동군이 높은 경향을 보였고, 체지방량과 산후우울은 운동군이 낮은 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. [결론] 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때 신체적․정신적으로 건강한 임신과 출산을 위해 임산부 운동이 활성화되어야 한다고 생각된다.

[INTRODUCTION] The purpose of this study was to compare health-related fitness, postpartum depression, and body weight changes between two groups of women who had regularly exercised during pregnancy and who had not exercised. This study may also provide useful information for exercise prescription in pregnancy women and contribute their health during pregnancy and physical and mental recovery after delivery. [METHOD] Puerperium women who were being served at the postpartum care center located in B Metropolitan City completed a questionnaire to identify their demographic and delivery-related characteristics. Total 22 puerperium women participated in this study and divided into exercise and non-exercise group. Exercise group (n=9) was those who had regularly exercised for more than 5 months during their pregnancy, while non-exercise group (n=13) was those who had not participated in any exercise program during their pregnancy. Exercise group performed pregnancy yoga program 2 days/week, which was composed of 5-10 min warm-up, 30-40 min main exercise, and 5-10 min cool-down. Submaiximal oxygen consumption, handgrip test, partial curl-ups, back scratch, and body composition were measured for health-related fitness. Postpartum depression was tested using by self-rating depression scale. Difference between the exercise and non-exercise groups was examined by t-test. Difference between the two groups in weight change in accordance with the time point of weight measurement was analyzed by two-way repeated ANOVA. All statistical analyses was peformed by using a statistical software SPSS Ver. 12.0 at the statistical significance level of α=.05. [RESULT] Main Findings of the study were that the exercise group had significantly higher health-related fitness than the non-exercise group, especially in cardiovascular fitness, upper-limb flexibility, and lean body mass. Also, exercise group tended to show lower postpartum depression than non-exercise group, which was not statistically significant. [CONCLUSION] In conclusion, regular exercise during pregnancy was needed to promote the improvement of physical and mental fitness during pregnancy and after delivery. Therefore, it is needed to develop a well-organized and appropriate exercise program during pregnancy for provide pregnant women.

[PURPOSE] The purpose of this study was to examine physique and fitness in elite national fencing players. [METHODS] A total of 559 athletes who played as national players over 10 years participated in the study. There were 285 male and 274 female players (saber: 85 males, 93 females; epee: 105 males, 90 females; fleuret: 95 males, 91 females). Separate one-way ANOVA was performed to determine between sex and weapon categories. [RESULTS] There was a large difference between weapon categories in the male players more than in female players. Epee athletes were of largest physique (height, weight, and fat free mass), and the following were the order saber, and fleuret in both sex. Male epee athletes were significantly stronger in muscular strength and isokinetic muscular strength while female fleuret athletes were in power endurance, muscle endurance, and anaerobic power. Sabre athletes were significantly strong in muscular strength. Epee athletes were significantly strong in flexibility. [CONCLUSIONS] These results suggest that different physique and fitness factors in weapon categories require individualized training protocols.

[서론] 본 연구는 낙하 높이와 지면의 종류가 착지 시 수직지면반력, 관절 각속도, 모멘트 및 근 활성도에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 데 목적이 있다. [방법] 본 연구는 체육을 전공하는 대학생 8명이 참가하여 4주 동안 착지 연습을 실시하였으며, 본 실험 시, 연구대상자는 30cm와 60cm 높이에서 각각 세 가지 지면으로 무작위로 착지하였다. 수직지면반력과 관절 각속도, 모멘트 및 근 활성도는 3차원 동작분석, 지면반력분석, 근활성도 분석을 통하여 측정하였다. 모든 자료는 이원변량 반복측정 분산분석을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 유의 차이에 대한 사후 검증은 Bonferroni’s method로 실시하였고 유의수준은 .05였다. [결과] 60cm 높이에서 최대 수직지면반력 1정점과 2정점은 각각 지면 반발계수가 높은 순서로 높게 나타났다. 60cm 높이에서 발목관절 평균 각속도는 30cm 높이와 비교하여 모든 지면이 유의하게 크게 나타났다. 60cm 높이에서 발목과 무릎관절의 모멘트는 각각 30cm 높이보다 모든 지면이 유의하게 크게 나타났으며, 60cm 높이에서 무릎관절 최대 신전 모멘트는 지면반발계수가 높은 순서에 따라 크게 나타났다. 60cm 높이에서 대퇴직근, 내측 비복근, 외측 비복근의 근 활성도는 마루가 천연잔디, 매트보다 유의하게 높았으며, 60cm 높이와 30cm 높이에서 전경골근의 근 활성도는 각각 마루, 천연잔디가 매트보다 유의하게 높았다. 또한, 60cm 높이에서 대퇴직근, 대퇴이두근, 내측 비복근, 외측 비복근, 전경골근의 근 활성도는 30cm 높이와 비교하여 모든 지면이 낙하 높이에 따라 유의하게 높았다. [결론] 60cm 이상의 낙하 높이에서 착지 시 지면의 반발계수가 높을수록 신체에 작용하는 부하에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있지만, 낙하 높이가 낮으면 신체에 작용하는 부하에 지면의 반발계수의 차이가 영향을 미치지 않음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 초기 재활 훈련 프로그램에서 박스를 이용한 훈련 또는 비시즌기의 훈련 시 60cm보다 30cm 높이가 안전할 것으로 생각되며, 60cm 높이에서 훈련 시에는 지면 반발계수가 상대적으로 낮은 지면인 태권도매트에서 훈련하는 것이 상해의 위험에 노출될 가능성을 보다 낮출 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

[INTRODUCTION] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different surface coefficient of restitution(SCR) and drop height on ground reaction force, joint angular velocity, moment, and muscle activity during drop landing. [METHOD] The subjects were 8 university students majoring physical education performed landing exercises for four weeks. The participants performed 30cm and 60cm height drop landing on three different surface with randomized control and cross-over design. Thee-dimensional motion analysis, surface EMG, and force plates were used to measure ground reaction force, joint angular velocity, and muscle activity of lower limb. The datas were statically analyzed by two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test. All significance level for the analysis was set at .05. [RESULTS] At 60cm, the maximum vertical ground reaction force was high with SCR. The angular velocity of ankle joint was the result from 60cm was higher than that from 30 cm on every field. In landing from 60cm, the knee extension moment was high with SCR. Also the ankle and knee extension moments was that the result from 60cm was higher than that from 30cm on every field. In landing from 60cm, the muscle activity of rectus femoris, medial and lateral gastrocnemius was the result from floor was higher than that from natural grass and a mat. In landing from 60cm and 30cm, the muscle activity of tibialis anterior was the result from floor and natural grass was higher than that from a mat, respectively. [CONCLUSION] On this study we leaned that surface of the coefficient of restitution is higher affects loading on body during landing in height of some level, but a low drop height does not affect loading on body with the SCR. Therefore, our study suggest that In landing from 30cm drop heigh, the initial rehabilitation program based on the box or training during off season can provide a safe drop.

[PURPOSE] The purpose of this case report was to determine the effects of short-term corrective exercise on pain, hip Joint range of motion and trunk muscle strength of a patient with anterior pelvic tilt (APT). [METHODS] The single-subject was a 21-year-old female with APT and low back pain (LBP). Corrective exercise program was performed for 40 min/day twice a week for 4-week. LBP (VAS), lumbar disability (ODI), range of motion (hip flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation) and trunk flexor and extensor strength were measured before and after 4 weeks of corrective exercise. [RESULTS] VAS and ODI decreased after corrective exercise. Hip joint range of motion increased at flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation after corrective exercise. Trunk flexor and extensor strength improved after corrective exercise. [CONCLUSIONS] We demonstrated that short-term corrective exercise decreases pain and disability, increases range of motion, trunk flexor, and extensor strength of a patient with anterior pelvic tilt.