Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 뇌졸중 발생 후 독립적인 일상생활을 유지하기 위하여 근력강화 및 동작 수행능력을 증진시키기 위한 다양한 방법의 재활운동을 제시하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 뇌졸중의 의미, 재활운동의 중요성 및 재활운동의 방법에 대하여 알아보았다. 뇌졸중이란 뇌혈관의 이상에 의한 신경계통의 질환으로 국소 뇌 조직의 대사에 장애를 일으켜 국소 뇌조직 기능 이상이 임상증상으로 나타나는 질환이다. 재활운동은 뇌졸중 후 신체기능을 향상시키는데 필수적이다. 재활운동의 목표는 근력 회복, 걷는 모양 및 걷는 기술 향상, 뇌졸중 후 사지의 손실된 근육과 관절의 기능 향상 등이 있다. 재활운동은 경직 예방, 어개와 팔의 통증 예방, 낙상 및 골절 예방 등에 중요한 역할을 한다. 트레드밀 보행운동, 유산소성 운동, 근력 훈련, 수중운동 및 관절가동성(ROM)을 고려한 스트레칭 운동 등과 같은 재활운동은 기능적인 움직임 향상에 도움을 준다. 또한 뇌졸중의 회복은 중강도 운동에서 조기 재활훈련으로 가능하다. 결론적으로 뇌졸중은 뇌조직에 장애를 일으키는 질환이 지만, 장애 발생 후 지속적인 재활운동은 기능을 향상시키며 정상생활로 복귀할 기회를 제공한다.

The purpose of the present study is to present the various therapeutic exercise for the improvement of movement, the enhancement of muscular strength, and the maintenance of independence life. after cerebrovascular accident(CVA). This article study the meaning of stroke, the importance of therapeutic exercise, and the methods of therapeutic exercise. Stroke is the nerve system disease by the brain blood vessel disorder, and the clinical disease by the disorder of local brain function. Therapeutic exercise is necessary to improve the functions of the body after a stroke. The goal of therapeutic exercise is to strengthen muscles and improve gait, which is walking skills. Also, it helps loosen muscles and joints that may have become stiff in the arm or leg that was involved with the stroke, which improves the functional movement with walk on treadmill, aerobic exercise, muscle training, aqua exercise and ROM stretching exercise. Also, stroke recovery can be modulated by the intensity of exercise in early rehabilitation training. In conculsion, therapeutic exercise should be continued even after initial deficits have improved. This gives patients the best chance to get back to a normal life.

[PURPOSE] The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effects of emotional regulation factors on the relationship between stress and burn-out among college athletes. [METHODS] Four hundred fifty basketball, baseball and soccer athletes registered to the Korean Sport Olympic Committee completed the questionnaires, and 419 responses were used for the analyses after the initial screening process. Using the SPSS Ver.20.0, frequency analyses, exploratory factor analyses, validity analyses, correlation analyses, multiple regression analyses, and hierarchical regression analyses were performed. [RESULTS] Results showed, first, competition stress and athletic support factors positively influenced the emotional drain factor of the burn-out. Also, the impersonalization factor was positively influenced by competition, athletic performance, and athletic support while the personal achievement factor was positively influenced by competition and athletic performance. Next, these relationships between stress and burn-out of the college athletes were reported to be mediated by emotional regulation. Specifically, the regulating effect was displayed when competition, social environment and athletic support factors of stress were interacting with the cognitive reappraisal factor of the emotional regulation. [CONCLUSIONS] These results emphasize the importance of emotional regulation ability when college athletes are in the conditions with high levels of stress and burn-out.

본 연구는 발목 염좌로 인한 발목관절 불안정성이 있는 자들을 대상으로 뱁스보오드와 트렘폴린 운동이발목의 기능적 안정성에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 피검자 24명을 운동군 2집단(뱁스보오드 운동군: 8명, 트렘폴린 운동군: 8명)과 대조군(8명)으로 나누어 재활운동을 실시하였으며, 밸런스 운동 사전과 사후검사는 Romberg 검사와 Star Excursion Balance Test(SEBT) 검사를 실시하였다. 발목관절 정적 운동검사에서 건측의 경우 측정시기와 상호작용에서 각각 유의한 차이이가 나타났다(P<.01, P<.05). 환측의 경우 측정시기에서 유의한 차이이가 나타났다(P<.01). 발목관절 동적 운동검사에서 건측의 경우 가측, 뒤가측, 뒤측은 측정시기에서 유의한 차이이가 나타났고(P<.05, P<.01, P<.001), 뒤내측과 내측은 측정시기와 상호작용에서 각각 유의한 차이이가 나타났다(P<.01, P<.001). 환측의 경우 앞가측, 내측은 측정시기에서 유의한 차이이가 나타났고(P<.05, P<.001), 뒤측, 뒤내측은 측정시기와 상호작용(P<.05, P<.01), 앞내측은 상호작용에서 유의한 차이이가 나타났다(P<.05). 결론적으로 발목관절 염좌가 있는 환자의 재활 프로그램(운동)을 시행함에 있어서 고유수용기 훈련 및 통합적인 균형훈련을 포함한 기능적 운동이 발목의 기능적 안정성에 긍정적인 효과를 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of balance exercises on functional ankle stability in patients with ankle sprains. Twenty four subjects were divided into 3 groups: two exercise groups (BAPS board exercise group; trampoline exercise group) and one control group, each group consisted of 8 subjects. All subjects performed the Romberg test and Star excursion balance test (SEBT) before and after the balance training. The results of the Romberg test showed the time of measurement and interaction-effect were significant on the uninvolved side (P<.01, P<.05). The time of measurement was significant for the involved side (P<.01). The results of the SEBT test showed that lateral, posterolateral, and posterior directions were significant in the time of measurement on the uninvolved side (P<.05, P<.01, P<.001), and also posteromedial and medial directions were significant in the time of measurement and interaction-effect on the uninvolved side (P<.01, P<.001). Anterior and medial directions were significant in the time of measurement (P<.05, P<.001), posterolateral and posteromedial directions were significant in the time of measurement and interaction-effect (P<.05, P<.01), and anteromedial was significant in the interaction-effect on the involved side (P<.05). The results suggest that a rehabilitation program for patients with lateral ankle sprains should include proprioceptive and comprehensive functional balance exercises in order to improve functional stability of the ankle after lateral ankle sprains.

본 연구에서는 유산소 운동이 고혈압 환자의 혈압, 맥압, 평균 동맥혈압, 심박수 및 심근산소소비량 등 혈류역학적 요인에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상자는 중년 여성 고혈압 환자 15명이었으며, 운동 프로그램은 12주간 주 5회, 1회 60분간 실시하였으며, 준비운동과 정리운동은 각 10분씩 스트레칭을 하였고 본 운동은 40분간 유산소성 운동인 트레드밀 걷기와 자전거 타기 운동을 실시하였다. 12주간의 유산소 운동 후 시점에 따른 혈류역학적 요인을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 수축기 혈압, 확장기 혈압, 맥압, 심박수, 심근산소소비량은 처치시점별로 감소하다가 사전에 비해 4주후, 8주후, 12주후 각각 유의하게 감소하였다. 체중과 평균 동맥혈압은 사전에 비해 8주후, 12주후에 유의하게 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 유산소성 운동이 고혈압 환자의 혈류역학적 요인을 긍정적으로 변화시킨다는 사실을 입증한 것으로 볼 수 있으며, 향후 경계성 고혈압 환자의 치료 및 예방관리는 운동을 통한 접근이 가장 바람직한 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the hemodynamic predictors of the hypertensive patients. The subjects of this study were 15 women hypertensive patients. The exercise program was composed of warming up and cooling down with stretching for 10 minutes respectively and treadmill exercise and bicycle exercise for 40 minutes. The period of exercise program was 12 weeks, 5 times per week, 60 minutes per 1 time. The dependent variables were systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, HR, double product. The results were as follows; The variables (SBP, DBP, pulse pressure) of 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks were significantly decreased than those of pre-treatment. The body weight, the artery blood pressure of 8 weeks, 12 weeks were significantly decreased than those of pre-treatment. Consequently, the findings of the current study indicate that aerobic exercise training may have positive effects on hemodynamic predictors in hypertensive patients. Thus, we believe that the aerobic exercise was a desirable approach method to prevent and care the hypertensive patients.

운동학 학술지, 2014, 16(4): 101-113. 운동선수의 경력개발과 진로전환을 위한 정책 방안: 독일의 이중 경력 지원제도를 중심으로. [목적] 많은 운동선수들이 운동으로 인한 과중한 부담으로 인해 학업과 직업교육의 기회를 상실하고 은퇴 후 진로전환에 많은 어려움을 겪고 있는데, 우리선수들도 예외는 아니다. 따라서 여러 나라들이 운동과 학업 그리고 직업교육이 조화롭게 병행될 수 있는 환경을 만들고자 노력하고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 독일의 운동선수 진로지원프로그램인 이중 경력 지원제도를 살펴보고, 우리의 학생선수들을 포함한 엘리트스포츠 분야에 적용 가능한 방안을 도출하는데 있다. [방법] 이 연구는 주제와 관련한 선행 연구들 그리고 독일올림픽체육회와 독일 스포츠지원재단 등 독일의 관련 사이트의 자료들을 토대로 이루어졌다. [결과] 독일의 이중 경력 지원제도는 우리에게 다음과 같은 정책적 함의를 제시하고 있다. 첫째, 운동선수의 학습권 보장을 위해 학교제도의 변화가 필요하다. 독일의 스포츠엘리트학교는 우리 정부가 엘리트스포츠 분야의 주요 과제로 추진하고 있는 체육중점학급의 모 델로서 가능성이 있다. 둘째, 운동선수들이 운동과 학업 그리고 직업교육을 균형 있게 병행할 수 있도록 전문 지식을 갖춘 경력 상담사 제도가 확산될 필요가 있다. 셋째, 학생선수들이 운동과 학업을 조화롭게 병행할 수 있기 위해서는 사회 여러 분야들과 의 협력네트워크 조성이 필요하다. [결론] 운동선수들의 은퇴 후 순조로운 진로전환을 위해서는 학생선수 시절부터 운동과 학 업을 병행할 수 있는 환경이 필요하다. 독일의 이중 경력 지원제도는 하나의 모델로서 충분한 가치가 있다고 생각된다.

KINESIOLOGY, 2014, 16(4): 101-113. Policy Suggestions fot Athlete Career Transition after Retirement: A Case of German Support Program for Athlete's Dual Career. [PURPOSE] Due to heavy load of sport participation, it is true that a large number of athletes lose the opportunity for academics and vocational education. Korean athletes are no exception. As a result, athletes are often confronted with difficulties in career transition. Many countries work hard to create a supportive environment, in which athletes can successfully perform sport, schoolwork, and vocational education. The purposes of this study are to review the German support program for athlete's dual career and to develop policy suggestions for our elite sports. [METHODS] Previous studies and materials from athlete's dual career-related German internet site(DOSB, DSH, etc.) were extensively reviewed. [RESULTS] Policy implications from German support program for athlete's dual career are as follow: First, it is necessary to change the school system for athlete's right to learn. German elite school of sports(Eliteschule des Sports) can be a model for ‘sport class' which is one of the important future tasks in our government sport policy. Second, we need more professional career counselors who can help student athletes to perform sport, study, and vocational education harmoniously. Third, it is necessary for student athletes to develop a cooperation network of diverse sectors of society. [CONCLUSIONS] For the career transition after the retirement from elite sports, we need to build the environment in which student athletes can successfully perform sport and schoolwork.

운동학 학술지, 2010, 12(3): 75-87. 경추부 고정 수술 후 재활운동이 근기능 및 균형감각에 미치는 영향 [서론] 본 연구의 목적은 경추부 손상 환자에게 경추부 고정 수술 후 재활운동프로그램이 근기능 및 균형감각에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 있다. [방법] 본 연구의 대상은 60세의 남성으로 2008년 9월 7일 취침 중에 화장실 가려다 침대에서 거꾸로 넘어져 경추부 손상(cervical spinal cord injury: HNP extrusion C3-4, HIVD, protrusion C2-3, 5-6, 6-7)을 입어 I 대학병원에서 경추부 고정 수술(Anterior cervical fixation)을 하였다. 수술 후에 경도의 사지 불완전마비(incomplete Quadriplegia) 증상을 보여 2008년 9월 28일부터 집중적인 재활운동을 I 대학병원 스포츠건강의학센터에서 12개월(48주) 동안 주 3~5회, 운동시간은 40~80분, 근력운동과 균형운동, 유산소운동프로그램을 함께 병행하여 단계적으로 실시하였다. 재활운동 전과 3개월, 6개월, 12개월에 근기능 및 균형감각을 측정하였다. 등속성 근기능은 손목관절과 주관절, 슬관절의 굴곡 및 신전, 족관절의 저측굴곡 및 배측굴곡 최대우력을 측정하였다. 균형감각은 체중부하 및 무릎 구부리기 체중 이동, 일자 걷기, 앉았다 일어서기 균형능력을 측정하였다. [결과] 12개월 동안의 재활운동 결과 손목관절과 주관절, 슬관절, 족관절의 등속성 근기능이 의미 있게 향상되었고 균형감각 능력 또한 크게 향상되어 정상범위로 회복되었다. [결론] 경추부 고정 수술 환자의 체계적인 재활운동프로그램의 효과 사례로서 향후 연구에 유용한 자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

KINESIOLOGY, 2010, 12(3): 75-87. Effect of Exercise Rehabilitation on the Muscular Function and Sense of Balance in Patient with after Cervical Fixation. [INTRODUCTION] The purpose of this case study was to find the effect of exercise rehabilitation program to muscular functions and sense of balance after cervical fixation. [METHOD] The subject was a sixty-year-old male who fell down from his bed while asleep. The fall caused syncope owing to cervical cord injury and he was sent to emergency room of I University Hospital. At the hospital, he receive anterior cervical fixation at the neurosurgery unit. Owing to cervical cord injury, the patient showed mild symptom of Quadriplegia. For comprehensive exercise rehabilitation program, the patient was sent to the Sports Medicine Center of I University Hospital. The exercise rehabilitation program was implemented progressively along with strengthening & balance exercises and aerobic exercises three to five times per week for 12 months(48 weeks). Within the flexion/extension of elbow joint, wrist joint and knee joint were assessed. The assessed isokinetic strength respectively for the elbow, wrist, knee and ankle joint. The sense of balance was assessed based on weight bearing, squat, weight shifting, sit-to stand, and tandem walk. All assessments, including pretest and posttest were repeated at the start week, the 12th week, the 24th week and the 48th week. [RESULT] The isokinetic muscular function was greatly improved compared to that of pre-exercise rehabilitation. The sense of balance was also restored considerably owing to enhancement of muscular functions and improvement of activities of daily living. [CONCLUSION] Exercise Rehabilitation was effective on the muscular function and sense of balance after cervical fixation.

[PURPOSE] The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-week virtual reality exercise program designed around the Nintendo Wii(Wii), in improving Alzheimer’s dementia patients’ memories. [METHODS] 30 Alzheimer dementia patients were randomly assigned in to the experimental group(n=15) and control group(n=15). All subjects performed a routine cognitive therapy and, besides, experimental group performed three 40-minute Wii-exercise intervention sessions per week, for 12 weeks. Before and after the Wii intervention, subjects’ cognitive functions were evaluated using the Cognitive Assessment Reference Diagnosis System (CARDS) and Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea (MMSE-K) test. Statistical significance was tested within and between each group before and after treatment by Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Whitney U test. [RESULTS] Among the CARDS scores of the subjects who received Wii-exercise, the scores of the delayed 10-word list, delayed 10-object list, recognition 10-object, and recent memory significantly increased after intervention compared to those before intervention(p<.01). In addition, among the MMSE-K items, the orientation, registration, and recall showed significant increases in the experimental group(p<.05). The control group saw no statistically significant change. There was a statistically significant CARDS and MMSE-K score differences after intervention between the groups(p<.05). 76.9% of experimental group responded positively when asked if they would like to continue using the Wii-game in the future. [CONCLUSIONS] These suggest that a virtual reality exercise program using the Wii-game, is effective in delaying memory deterioration and improving cognitive function of elderly people with Alzheimer dementia.

[서론] 임심기간 중 규칙적인 운동이 산욕기에 나타나는 신체적·정신적 변화에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 아직 알려진 바 없다. 본 연구에서는 임신기간 중 운동을 한 산모와 하지 않은 산모의 산욕기 건강관련체력, 산후우울, 체중변화를 비교하고 산전운동의 효과를 구명하여 임산부 운동처방의 자료를 제시함과 동시에 임산부의 건강과 출산 후 신체적·정신적 회복에 기여하는 데 있다. [방법] 본 연구의 피험자는 B광역시 D구에 위치한 A병원 조리원에 입실한 산욕부 중 대상자의 일반적 및 분만관련 특성을 설문지를 통해 검사하여 임신 5개월 이후부터 출산 전까지 규칙적인 걷기와 산전 요가프로그램에 참가했던 산모들을 운동군(Exe, n=9)으로 구성하였으며, 그렇지 않은 산모들을 비운동군(Nonexe, n=13)으로 구성하였다. 산전 요가프로그램은 RPE 11-13의 강도로 주 2회, 1시간씩 실시하였으며, 건강관련체력(최대하산소섭취량, 악력, 윗몸일으키기, 백 스크래치, 신체조성), 산후우울, 체중변화를 측정하였다. 연구의 측정결과는 SPSS ver. 12.0을 이용하여 측정항목의 평균값(M)과 표준편차(SD)를 산출하였다. 집단 간 항목별 평균값 차이비교를 위해 t-test를 실시하였으며 체중의 측정시기와 그룹 간 변화를 알아보기 위해 Two-way repeated ANOVA를 실시하였다. 통계적 유의수준은 α=.05로 설정하였다. [결과] 운동군이 비운동군에 비해서 최대산소섭취량, 오른쪽 및 왼쪽 back scratch, 제지방량이 유의하게(p<.05) 높게 나타났다. 근력 및 근지구력은 운동군이 높은 경향을 보였고, 체지방량과 산후우울은 운동군이 낮은 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. [결론] 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때 신체적․정신적으로 건강한 임신과 출산을 위해 임산부 운동이 활성화되어야 한다고 생각된다.

[INTRODUCTION] The purpose of this study was to compare health-related fitness, postpartum depression, and body weight changes between two groups of women who had regularly exercised during pregnancy and who had not exercised. This study may also provide useful information for exercise prescription in pregnancy women and contribute their health during pregnancy and physical and mental recovery after delivery. [METHOD] Puerperium women who were being served at the postpartum care center located in B Metropolitan City completed a questionnaire to identify their demographic and delivery-related characteristics. Total 22 puerperium women participated in this study and divided into exercise and non-exercise group. Exercise group (n=9) was those who had regularly exercised for more than 5 months during their pregnancy, while non-exercise group (n=13) was those who had not participated in any exercise program during their pregnancy. Exercise group performed pregnancy yoga program 2 days/week, which was composed of 5-10 min warm-up, 30-40 min main exercise, and 5-10 min cool-down. Submaiximal oxygen consumption, handgrip test, partial curl-ups, back scratch, and body composition were measured for health-related fitness. Postpartum depression was tested using by self-rating depression scale. Difference between the exercise and non-exercise groups was examined by t-test. Difference between the two groups in weight change in accordance with the time point of weight measurement was analyzed by two-way repeated ANOVA. All statistical analyses was peformed by using a statistical software SPSS Ver. 12.0 at the statistical significance level of α=.05. [RESULT] Main Findings of the study were that the exercise group had significantly higher health-related fitness than the non-exercise group, especially in cardiovascular fitness, upper-limb flexibility, and lean body mass. Also, exercise group tended to show lower postpartum depression than non-exercise group, which was not statistically significant. [CONCLUSION] In conclusion, regular exercise during pregnancy was needed to promote the improvement of physical and mental fitness during pregnancy and after delivery. Therefore, it is needed to develop a well-organized and appropriate exercise program during pregnancy for provide pregnant women.