Earticle

문학작품에 있어 문체는 작가의 개성을 나타내는 가장 중요한 요소이므로 번역하는 과정에 서 문체 장치를 간과하면 좋은 문학작품 번역이 될 수 없다. 이런 의미에서 본고는 모옌(莫言) 문체의 특징인 `감각적 묘사'의 한국어 번역 방법을 연구하는 데에 목적을 둔다. 모옌의 감각적 묘사는 가브리엘 가르시아 마르케스(Gabriel García Márquez)의 영향과 일본의 신감각파 작가 들, 그리고 윌리엄 포크너(William Faulkner)의 영향을 받아서 형성된 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이는 <붉은 수수밭>에서 `환상적인 색채 표현의 사용'과 `낯선 감각적 표현의 사용'을 통해 전달되었 는데 구체적으로는 `색채 어휘', `규범을 일탈한 표현', `맥락을 일탈한 표현' 그리고 개성적인 `비유법', `의인법', `공감각' 등의 문체 장치를 통해서 표현되었다. 3가지 한국어 번역본에서는 문체 장치의 경우 직역(literal translation), 번안(adaptation), 변 조(modulation), 삭제(omission) 등의 방법이 사용되었다. 이러한 번역 방법들의 문체 효과 재현 양상을 구체적인 번역사례를 통해서 분석한 결과, 첫 번째는 모옌 문체인 감각적 묘사를 번역 하는 데에 있어 문체 효과를 충실하게 재현하는 것으로 가장 바람직한 번역 방법인 직역이었 고 그 다음 번역 방법은 변조이다. 문체가 가진 특성을 보존할 수 없을 경우에는 변조를 통해 원문의 의미를 최대한 보존하고 난 후에 해당 번역문 옆에 원문 문체 효과를 나타내는 문장을 첨가하는 방식으로 번역하는 것을 권장한다. 그러나 만약 직역이나 변조로 번역된 문장이 목 표언어 텍스트 맥락에서 어색하여 한국인 독자가 이해하기 어려운 경우 번안을 통해 독자들이 받아들이기 쉬운 서술 상황을 만들어 문장의 유창성과 가독성을 확보해야 한다. 하지만 문체는 문학 작품의 생명이기 때문에 번역과정에서 문체 장치 번역 부분을 삭제하는 것은 바람직하지 않다.

In a literary work, style is the most important factor to represent the personality of an author. On this regard, this paper aims to study the Korean translation methods of Narrative of Feelings in Moyan’s works. Moyan's Narrative of Feelings was formed under the influence of Gabriel García Márquez, Japanese New Sense writers, and William Faulkner. In <Red Sorghum Field>, Narrative of Feelings is presented through the ‘color vocabulary', ‘expression out of norm', ‘expression out of context', and the analogy, the anthropomorphism, and the synesthesia. Among the three Korean translations, translation methods such as literal translation, adaptation, modulation, and deletion were used to reflect stylistic elements. By analyzing the reproduction of stylistic effects by using various translation methods through specific translation cases, the analysis results show that the direct translation method is the most ideal translation strategy because it faithfully reproduces the stylistic effect from translating the perceptual description of Moyan’s style. The next recommended translation method is adaptation. If a form of a work, which is the specificity of the style, cannot be preserved by direct translation, an adoption strategy can be used to preserve the meaning of the original text. If sentences translated by direct translation and adaptation methods are awkward in the context of the entire work in the target language, and difficult for Korean readers to understand, modulation strategy may be adopted to preserve the fluency of the sentences. Since style is the lifeblood of a literary work, it is not advisable to delete the stylistic element, at least in literary translations.

관광지와 관련되는 고유명사는 최대한 관광객들에게 명확한 관광 정보를 알려주기 위 한 것이기에 번역을 함에 있어서 이 점을 고려하지 않을 수 없다. 그러나 국립국어원 현행 외래어 표기법에 따라 고유명사를 번역할 경우, 중국어 원음이 지나치게 강조되기에 중국 어를 모르는 관광객들에게 있어서 번역의 의미를 상실하게 된다. 본고는 중국 항주 관광과 관련된 고유명사를 중심으로 그 한국어 번역에 대해 논의를 해 보았다. 주로 항주 관광에 서 자주 경험하게 될 자연산수, 인문 유적지, 둑과 섬, 길 이름, 경관 이름, 식당 이름, 요리 이름 등을 열거하여 그 구체적인 번역 방법에 대해 중-한 양국 언어에 능통한 전문가 를 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하여 이를 바탕으로 바람직한 번역 방법에 대한 제안을 하고 자 하였다. 조사 결과를 보면 안내판, 메뉴판 등에 제시를 해야 할 경우, 한국인이든 중국 인이든 전체적으로 한국식 한자음 번역을 더 많이 선호하였다. 다만 한국인 응답자 중에서 국립국어원 외래어 표기법에 따라 중국어 원음 표기법을 선택한 자의 비례수가 상대적으 로 중국인 응답자보다 높았고 개별적 몇몇 어휘, 예컨대 小和山,钱塘江, 西溪湿地,外婆家 등의 번역은 중국인 응답자와 한국인 응답자가 반대되는 양상을 보였다. 즉 한국인 응답자 는 다수가 중국어 원음 표기법을 선택한 반면, 중국인 응답자는 다수가 한국식 한자음 번역법을 선택하였다. 결론적으로 조사를 통해 고유명사의 번역은 하나의 획일적인 규칙 또는 전략을 따르기보다 구체적인 상황과 유형에 따라 융통성 있게 번역을 해야 함을 알 수 있다. 말하자면 고유명사의 번역은 정보성, 습관성, 일관성, 소통성, 시각적 효과 등 측면을 종합적으로 고려하여 자연산수, 인문 유적지, 둑과 섬, 길 이름, 경관 이름 등은 한국식 한자음 번역을 하는 것이 바람직하고 음식 이름은 원음 표기법+뜻풀이식으로 번 역하는 것이 바람직하다고 제안하고 싶다.

Great emphasis is placed on proper noun translation because those associated with tourist attractions must provide tourist information as clear as possible. However, if proper nouns are translated by following the current foreign language notation rules of the National Institute of Korean Language, the original Chinese pronunciation will be over-emphasized, as a result, the meaning of Chinese characters cannot be properly conveyed to the tourists who do not know Chinese. The study discussed Korean translation, focusing on the proper nouns related to tourism in Hangzhou, China, chiefly on the names of natural landscapes, historic sites, causeways, islands, roads, and names of restaurants and dishes. This paper brings forward an ideal approach to do the translation based on a questionnaire survey conducted among Chinese and Korean philologists. According to the investigation, both Koreans and Chinese prefer Korean-style Chinese characters on a notice board or a menu. However, the proportion of Korean respondents preferring the original Chinese notation in accordance with the rules of the National Institute of Korean Language is relatively higher than that of Chinese respondents. As to some Chinese names such as Xiaohe Hill, Qiantang River, Xixi Wetland, Waipojia Restaurant, many Korean respondents choose the original Chinese phonetic notation, while many Chinese respondents use the Korean Chinese phonetic translation method. In conclusion, the translation of proper nouns should be flexible in light of specific circumstances and types rather than following one uniform rule or strategy. The translation of proper nouns requires comprehensive consideration of the aspects such as effectiveness of information transfer, habituation, consistency, communication, and visual effects. The names of natural landscapes, relic sites, causeways, islands, and roads should be translated with Korean Chinese characters notation, and the names of the food with original notation+interpretation.

This study aims to evaluate the quality of AI translation in comparison to human translation, identify challenges in applying metaphor translation methods to AI-generated texts, and examine the relationship between translation quality and the strategies employed. The analysis delves into the Korean translation of metaphorical expressions from the Chinese literary work Dawn Blossoms Plucked at Dusk, utilizing outputs from Google Translate and ChatGPT. The initial step of this study involved the categorization and statistical analysis of translation errors generated by AI. The findings show that literal translations and omissions were relatively infrequent, whereas distortions of meaning and stylistic issues were more prevalent. Furthermore, this study revealed that the types and frequency of errors were reduced when AI translation employed the same methods as human translation. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will serve as foundational data for future research. However, the study is constrained by limited data and a lack of diversity, which calls for further investigation to overcome these limitations.

This thesis is to elucidate the characteristics of Lu Xun's translationtheory by reviewing his translation activities and translation methods. Lu Xun engaged in translation activities for 34 years from 1903 to 1936. This thesis divides his career into the exploration, the establishment andthe intensification periods, according as how translation activities wereconducted. The first period, the exploration period (1903-1908), was thetime when he tried to find his own translation style while mimicking thepopular translation trends of the times. The second period, theestablishment period (1909-1929), was the time when he adopted literaltranslation as his own method. The second period started with thepublication of 'The Collection of Overseas Novels' co-translated withhis younger brother, Zhou Zuoren. The third period, the intensificationperiod (1930-1936), was the time he opted for Rigid Translation fromamong the various translation methods. The publication of a literarycritique, 'Rigid Translation and Classification of Literature' marked thebeginning of the third period. Lu Xun defended Rigid Translation on theground that limits to Chinese language and translation capacity made itimpossible to render foreign cultures and linguistic senses intoequivalent Chinese. He argued Rigid Translation, which aimed to conveythe nuance of the original text, was inevitable even though it mightsound unfamiliar to the readers. He considered Rigid Translation thetranslation technique for the masses, saying that translating wasintricately related to the struggle between the working class and thebourgeoisie. In brief, Lu Xin thought that there was a compelling needto translate revolutionary literatures and literary criticisms of the timeand translated or sometimes retranslated them. He argued that translation should be literal to be easily understood while at the sametime preserving the nuance of the original text. He viewed that RigidTranslation was the inevitable method in light of the translationcircumstances of that time in China. He was of an opinion thattranslation criticism was called for to come up with a better translationand that translating should be done again and again continually.

This paper analyzes translation methods used in Chinesetranslations of Korean TV drama titles that were aired in Chinafrom 1990s, sorting them by time periods of the Early KoreanWave and New Korean Wave. For the purpose of analysis, thetranslation methods are categorized into two main groups:maintenance and shift. Maintenance is further categorized into twosubcategories, transliteration and literal translation, and shift intopartial modification and complete shift. The result of the analysisshows that there are differences in the use of translation methodsbetween the two time periods, especially in partial modification andcomplete shift methods. On the other hand, no significantstatistical difference is found over the two time periods intransliteration and literal translation methods. Contrary to popular belief, Chinese translations of Korean TV dramatitles do not seem to go through the reception theory process, whichconsists of selective reception, resistance, and transformation. Asfor the Korean TV drama content, Chinese audience have shownthe typical reception process, from admiring and imitating KoreanTV drama titles to boycotting them, and finally to internalizing,studying and reacting to them. However, such transition process isnot noticeable in the translations of Korean TV drama titles. Theanalysis shows higher percentage of titles translated using themaintenance method with little change from the source text, andmore of such titles in the New Korean Wave period than in theEarly Korean Wave period. This seems to be the outcome ofcultural proximity between Korea and China, as the two countriesshare the Chinese cultural sphere where literal translation andtransliteration can be accepted without resistance.

본 논문은 중한 소설 번역에 있어 상호텍스트성 문화 번역에 대한 현황을 알 아보고 적절한 번역 방법을 고찰하는 데에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 한국 현대 소설 『7년의 밤』 중국어 번역본 현황을 살펴본 후, 한국문화 상호텍스트가 역자의 번역 방법이 어떤 영향을 주는 점을 강조하고자 한다. 또한 상호텍스트성과 관련 된 이론적 고찰을 통해 한국 현대 소설 번역 요소를 고찰하여 이를 바탕으로 중 국어 번역 방법을 분석하고 역자들 선택을 파악하여 이들의 번역 능력을 향상시 키기에 적합한 한국 현대 소설 중국어 번역 방법을 알아보고자 한다.

Based on the theory of cultural intertextuality, this paper explores the methods of Chinese translation from Korean modern novels. By observing Korean Chinese translation from different versions, the cultural connotation of the text is linked with its translation through intertextuality, and the cultural intertextuality in modern novels is analyzed from different perspectives to find out which aspects affect the choice of translation methods of the translators, hoping to provide suggestions for the translation of Korean modern novels to a certain extent, and through the summary and consideration of translation methods, the work can be improved Translation quality enriches the research field of Korean Chinese translation.

本文从韩国现代小说入手, 以文化互文性理论为基础探究汉译方法。从不同译 本观察韩中翻译, 将文本中的文化内涵与其翻译通过互文性联系在一起, 分析现代 小说中的文化互文性究竟在哪些方面影响译者选择翻译方法。希望在一定程度上 对韩国现代小说汉译提供建议, 能够提高作品翻译质量, 并通过对翻译方法的总结 和思考, 丰富韩中翻译研究领域。

번역가의 지고의 목표는 좋은 문학 작품을 선택하여 마치 모국어로 된 작품을 읽는 것 처럼 번역의 흔적이 없이 자연스럽게 읽히는 질 좋은 번역을 하는 것이다. 특히 문학 작 품을 번역할 때 번역가는 작품의 문학성까지 고려하면서 이러한 목표를 달성하려고 노 력한다. 번역은 번역가가 혼자서 하는 단독 번역과 두 사람 이상이 한 작품을 번역하는 공동 번역이 있으며, 이 두 방법은 모두 장단점이 있다. 이 논문은 번역의 방법인 단독 번역과 공동 번역 가운데 공동 번역을 중심으로 한국 문학을 외국어로 번역하는 것에 대 한 필자의 단상을 다루었다. 필자는 불가리아 문학 작품을 한국어로, 그리고 한국 문학 작품을 불가리아어로 번역한 자신의 직접적인 경험을 서술하면서 공동 번역에 대한 견 해를 기술하였다. 먼저 공동 번역에 대한 정의를 다룬 후에 공동 번역에 대한 관점을 한 국 문학을 번역하는 외국인 번역가의 주장을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 그리고 불가리아 문 학 작품을 한국어로 번역한 실제와 한국 문학 작품을 불가리아어로 번역한 과정을 제시 했다. 참고할 만한 번역의 모델로 한국 고전문학 작품을 프랑스어로 번역한 홍종우를 예 를 들어 제시하였다. 이 연구는 특수어권의 언어로 문학 작품을 번역하는 과정에 있어서 미래 번역가들에게 실용적인 고려 사항과 안목을 제공하였다는 데에 의의가 있다.

The supreme aim of a translator is to select good literary work, to carry out translations with excellent quality so that the translated works may be read smoothly, without any trances of translation, like those written in a mother tongue. Especially when a translator translates a literary work, he tries his best to achieve this goal, taking into consideration the literary qualities of the work. There are two ways of translation, i.e., a single translation, by which one single translator accomplishes the translating task, and a co-translation, by which two or more translators do the translating job together. The two methods obviously have their merits and demerits. This paper deals with the author’s view on co-translation. The author mentions his personal experience which he had, while he translated Korean literary works into Bulgarian and Bulgarian literary works into Korean. First of all he made a definition on co-translation and then he examined several viewpoints on co-translation, while focusing his attention on what some foreign translators of Korean literary works had mentioned. He then presented several processes of translating Bulgarian literary works into Korean and Korean literary products into Bulgarian. He has presented as a model translator Mr. Hong Jong-Ou, who translated Korean classical literary works into French. This paper has its significance that it provides future translators with practical information and insights which are necessary in the process of translating literary works into a specific and uncommon foreign language.

이 논문은 한식명의 일본어 번역에 있어서 기존의 문제점을 파악하고 한식명의 통일된 번역안을 마련하기 위해 필요한 번역 기준을 모색한 것이다. 한식명은 한국 음식 문화를 세계에 알리는 중요한 문화 상품이다. 하지만 현재 한식명 번역은 오역도 많을 뿐 아니라 하나의 한식명이 여러 가지로 번역되어 있는 문제를 안고 있다. 한국의 음식을 제대로 알리기 위해서는 올바른 번역도 필요하지만 외국인들의 혼동을 막기 위해서는 통일된 용어로 번역되는 것도 중요하다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 『한식메뉴 길라잡이』에 나온 한식명과 번역어를 분석하여 한식명에 대한 번역 기준을 제시하여 적절하고 통일된 번역어가 나올 수 있는 방안을 고찰하였다.

This paper presents a study of how to translate a Korean menu into Japanese. Korean menus are representative of Korean food and are an important and unique cultural commodity to inform the world about Korean food culture. Not only are there currently many mistranslations of Korean foods, but it is also an important issue that one Korean menu has multiple translated versions. In order for people to be well informed about Korean food, it is important to have an appropriate translation using unified terms. Therefore, in this paper, I present a methodology for Korean menu translation and propose a unified approach to Korean menu translation.

본문에서는 비교 분석의 방법으로 한국어와 중국어의 현재 시간에 대한 표현 특징을 고찰하고 한국어의 현재 시간을 나타내는 구문에 대한 한중 번역 방법을 상세히 검토함으로써 아래와 같은 결론을 도출해냈다. 첫째. 한국어의 절대적 현재시는 문법 수단을 통하여 표현되는데 현재 발생한 사건을 나타내기도 하고 汎時性 사건을 나타내기도 하며 일정한 조건 하에서 미래와 과거 발생 사건도나타낸다. 중국어의 절대시는 已然과 未然이라는 두 가지 시제 유형이 있으며 그 중에서已然은 과거와 현재를 포함한다. 중국어는 주요하게 어휘적 수단으로 현재 已然의 시간적 의미를 강조한다. 둘째. 한국어와 중국어에는 모두 절대적 시제와 상대적 시제가 있다. 한국어의 상대적 시제는 주요하게 관형어 어미의 변화를 통하여 표현된다. 중국어 동사 관형어는 상대적 시제 기능을 가지고 있는데 한국어의 상대적 현재시에 상응하는 시제는 同時이다. 중국어의 관형어 同時는 어휘적 수단과 문법적 수단 및 零形式의 수단으로 표현된다. 셋째. 한국어와 중국어 현재 시간 유형과 나타내는 의미는 일대일로 대응하는 것은 아니다. 그러므로 한중번역을 할 때 한국어의 절대적 시제와 상대적 시제의 유형과 시제 의미를 고려하면서 적절한 번역 방법을 취해야 한다. 넷째. 중국어에는 많은 零形式의 관형어가 존재하며 문장의 전후 문맥에 따라 그 시간성이결정되는 경우가 많다. 따라서 한국어 동사 관형어구를 번역할 때 만약 전후 문장의 언어환경이 분명하지 않다면 될 수 있는 한 표기가 있는 동사 관형어로 번역해야 한다. 이렇게해야 시간에 대한 歧義가 발생하지 않으며 불필요한 오해가 생기지 않는다.

In this paper, we use the method of comparative analysis to study the characteristics of Korean and Chinese present time，then discuss the translation methods of the sentence of Korean present tense. The research mainly conclusions were as follows: a. Absolute present tense of Korean is mainly by grammatical means to express, and it can not only express the events that are happening, but also express the events without time boundaries, and under certain conditions, can express the events of the future and events that occurred in the past. From the viewpoint of absolute tense, chinese sense can be divided into two categories: have been done and have been not done, and the former includes the past and present time. Chinese mainly is through the use of lexical means to highlight the present time significance. b. Korean and Chinese all have distinction of absolute tense and relative tense distinction. Korean relative tense is mainly reflected in the attribute, expressed by different suffix. Chinese verb attribute also presents relative tense function, and Chinese simultaneousness and Korean relative present tense correspond roughly. The simultaneousness of Chinese attribute can be expressed by lexical means, grammatical means, or the zero form. c. There is no one-to-one correspondence between type and meaning expression of Korean and Chinese present sense, so in Korean - Chinese Translation, we should choose the right form of Chinese translation according to different types and meanings of absolute present tense and relative tense of Korean. d. There are a large number of zero form verb attribute in chinese and its time depends mainly on context. When translating Korean sentences containing verb attribute, if the context is not clear, we should try to choose the form of Chinese translation of marked verb attribute in order to avoid the ambiguity of time and unnecessary misunderstanding.

정치 언어의 하위 부류인 외교 언어는 은유와 긴밀한 관계가 있으며 완곡하고 함축적이며 모호하다는 특징이 있다. 따라서 중국 외교 언어 은유에 대한 한국어 번역의 정확성을 높이고 한중 양국 간의 상호 이해를 증진시키기 위해서 개념적 은유 분류와 관련 세밀한 분석과 정확 한 파악은 필수적이다. 그러나 선행논의를 검토한 결과 언어 자료의 부족, 분석 도구의 제한, 연구 인력의 한계로 인하여 중국 외교 언어 은유의 한국어 번역 연구와 관련된 학술적 담론은 찾아보기 어렵다. 본 연구는 개념적 은유 이론을 바탕으로 한중 병렬 코퍼스를 구축함으로써 중국 외교 언어 은유의 분류 및 번역 방법을 연구하는 데 목적을 둔다. 구체적으로 먼저 2022 년 중국 외교부 공식적으로 발표한 외교부 정례 브리핑 기록 텍스트 자료 176편과 인민망 한 국어판에 탑재된 한국어 번역문 자료를 수집 및 정제하여 한중 병렬 코퍼스를 구축하였다. 그 후, 은유 식별 프로그램인 MIPVU로 은유 키워드를 추출하여 코퍼스 분석 도구인 AntConc를 활용하여 계량화 한 후 1급 개념 은유 카테고리를 바탕으로 20개의 하위 카테고 리를 도출하였다. 은유 분류를 세분화한 후 외교 언어 은유 한국어 번역 방법을 ‘매핑 이미지 유지’, ‘매핑 이미지 전환’, ‘매핑 이미지 해석’ 등 세 가지로 도출하였다. 본 연구는 중국 외교 언어 은유의 한국어 번역 방법을 논의하였다는 점에서 실용적인 가치가 있다.

As a subcategory of political language, diplomatic language is closely related to metaphor, which is characterized by euphemism, implication and vagueness. Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of Korean translation of Chinese diplomatic language metaphors and enhance mutual understanding between Korea and China, it is necessary to make a detailed analysis and an accurate grasp of the classification of conceptual metaphors. However, after preliminary discussion, due to the lack of language materials, limited analytical tools and limited researchers' energy, it is difficult to find academic discourse on Korean translation studies of Chinese diplomatic language metaphors. Based on the conceptual metaphor theory, this study aims to explore the classification and translation methods of Chinese diplomatic language metaphors by constructing a Korean Chinese parallel corpus. Specifically, first of all, this study collected and refined 176 text materials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' regular press conference records officially released by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2022 and Korean translation materials carried by the Korean version of People's Daily Online, and built a Korean Chinese parallel corpus. Then, use the metaphor recognition program MIPVU to extract metaphor keywords, use the corpus analysis tool AntConc to quantify, and obtain 20 subcategories based on the first level conceptual metaphor categories. After refining the classification of metaphors, and three Korean translation methods are derived: maintaining the mapping image, transforming the mapping image, and interpreting the mapping image. This study explores the Korean translation of Chinese diplomatic language metaphors, which is of practical value.

The aim of this study is to analyze two useful educational tools intranslation course for undergraduate level students in Korea. Accordingto many scholars, the translation courses in Korea are result- andprofessor-oriented, often relying on the translation output of a professor. However, many scholars increasingly voice that the translation coursesneed to be student-and process-oriented. Based on the result of thesurvey of Kim(2013), we have supposed that IPDR(Integrated Problemand Decision Reporting) and Peer review, cross-checking programwhich is done in pairs, were the most efficient tools to change thelecturing method from the result- and professor– oriented teachingmethod to the student- and process- oriented teaching method whichultimately leads to progression in students’ translation competence. Consequently, the aim of this study is to analyze the educational valueof these two useful educational tools in translation course forundergraduate level students. Class observation and survey resultsindicate that both tools have allowed students to increase their various translation competencies, leading to effectiveness in conducting studentandprocess-oriented translation training by self –evaluation,self-motivated learning and mutual evaluation by pairs. Despite manymerits, it has been identified that IPDR and cross-checkingmethodology needs to be improved in the following areas; professor’sability to effectively educate students to learn IPDR, simplification ofprocess to address time-consuming cross-check methodology, adjustingthe frequency of IPDR by reflecting the requests from students,developing an evaluation tool for effective cross-checking methodology,and building credibility and consistency in cross-checking. Once theseissues are resolved, these two tools are expected to present significanteducational value.

The purpose of this research is to study what competence is required in translation and identify appropriate teaching methods to gain the competence. To this end, the study analyzed source texts and teaching methods employed at translation classes at GSIT. First, to provide theoretical background, the paper reviewed the definition of translation competence and the history of teaching methods based on previous studies on various teachingmethods and translation competence. Then, instructors' text selection process and teaching methods were observed by analyzing the source texts they used. Next, five instructors were interviewed to identify what teaching methods they use to improve students' translation competence. The results showed that each instructor emphasizes different translation competence and adopts different teaching methods. Teaching methods differed depending on students' grades, translation directions and the characteristics of translation subjects. Korean-to-Chinese translation classes emphasized the ability to express in the target language, while Chinese-to-Korean translation classes focused on the adoptability in a certain field. A translation class of science texts emphasized the ability to learn subject matters and instrumental competence.

이 글은 한국의 여성주의 기반 소설인 공지영의 <무소의 뿔처럼 혼자서 가라>와 <도가니>, 그리고 조남주의 <82년생 김지영>의 중역본을 대상으로 ‘협력’의 페미니스트 번역전략을 적용 해보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 페미니스트 작가이자 번역가인 쉬래드(Shread)는 에팅거 (Ettinger)의 ‘경계에서 분출되는 변신(Metramorphosis)’개념을 번역연구에 도입하여 젠더의 식을 공유한 작가와 번역가의 협력전략을 통해 텍스트에 대한 ‘일방적인 변형(Metamorphosis)’ 이 아닌, 제 3의 공간에서 페미니스트적으로 새롭게 창조되는 TT가 만들어질 수 있음을 주장하 였다. 이 글은 ‘메트라모포시스’에 대한 쉬래드의 경험적 연구를 바탕으로, 협력의 페미니스트 번 역전략의 구체적 실천 방법을 ‘작가와 번역가의 젠더의식 공유’, ‘젠더정체성에 기반한 차이의 번역’, 그리고 ‘합의된 개조와 변형’으로 구분하고 사례분석과 함께 살펴봄으로써, 메타담론적 내용이 강한 페미니스트 번역이론의 구체적 적용에 대해 고찰하려고 한다. 아울러 작가와의 ‘공유’와 ‘합의’를 거쳐 생성되는 TT 텍스트의 ‘창조적 변형’을 통해 페미니스트 번역이 ST에 대해서 보다 적극적인 개조와 조정이 가능할 뿐 아니라, 번역 윤리에도 반(反)하지 않을 가능 성을 모색해 보도록 하겠다.

This study aims to apply the feminist translation strategy of “co-creation” on Chinese translation of Korean feminism-based novels, Wander Alone Like a Rhinoceros (Ji-young Gong), The Crucible (Ji-young Gong) and Ji-young Kim, Born 1982 (Nam-ju Cho). Feminist writer and translator Carolyn Shread, introducing Bracha Ettinger's idea of metramosphosis (transformation that emerges at the border) on translation studies, argues that a “co-creation” strategy between the author and translator sharing gender sensitivities can newly create the TT, turning it into a feminist text in a third space, going beyond unilateral metamorphosis. Based on Shread's empirical research on metramorphosis, this paper will explore the possibility of applying in practice the theories on feminist translation which tend to be metadiscursive. It will do so by defining the practical approaches of applying feminist translation strategy of co-creation as follows: “shared gender sensitivities between the author and translator,” “translation of differences based on gender identity,” and “mutually agreed adaptation and transformation.” These approaches are also reviewed through case analyses. In addition, it will explore the possibility that through “generative transformation (metramosphosis)” in the TT, feminist translation can allow for more active reconstruction and adjustment of the ST while staying true to translation ethics.

There has been a dramatic increase in legal translation due to the growing trend towards free trade and a single market. Despite its vital importance and many challenges, legal translation has not received much attention in the translation classroom in Korea. As is known to all, subject knowledge is essential for legal translators to produce high quality translations that have the same legal effect as the originals. With the aim of enhancing subject competence for the students at GSTI(Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation) and effectively raising Law school students' proficiency in English, this paper proposes a close collaboration between GSTI and Law school. The four possible collaborative methods are as follows: First of all, interested students from one school are allowed to take classes in the other school. Secondly, professors from one school are invited to teach specialized classes in the other school. Thirdly, each school could provide intensive programs designed to best meet the needs of the graduates. Lastly, joint conferences and workshops are organized on a regular basis to discuss challenges and solutions for successful collaboration.

이 글에서는 15세기 중반 ‘훈민정음’이 창제된 후부터 16세기 말까지의 국 어사자료 중 한글로 기록한 ‘불전류(佛典類)’의 목록과 역주 현황을 조사하고, 이들을 저본으로 하여 출판한 역주서(譯註書)들을 선정해 각각의 역주 형식과 내용을 비교ㆍ분석하였다. 이러한 과정을 통해 한글 ‘불전류’에 대한 역주 원 칙을 수립하였고, 새로운 역주 시안 ２편을 제시하였다. 제２장에서는 15세기 중반부터 16세기 말까지의 한글 불전자료의 목록을 작성하고 각 자료의 특징을 개관하였으며, 아울러 그 역주 현황도 조사하였 다. 제３장에서는 ３편의 한글 불전자료를 저본(底本)으로 삼아서 출판한 1950년대부터 최근까지의 역주서 10편을 선정해 각각의 역주 형식과 내용을 비교ㆍ분석하고 그 장단점을 검토하였다. 제4장에서는 한글 불전류에 대한 역주 원칙을 제시하고, 󰡔원각경언해󰡕와 󰡔목우자수심결언해󰡕 두 편을 택하여 ‘번역’과 ‘주석’이 균형 있게 반영되도록 구체적인 역주 시안을 제시하였다. 앞으로 연구자들이 한글 불전자료의 역주 작업에 직접 참여함으로써 국어사 연구가 더욱 활성화되기를 기대한다.

This paper investigates a list of Korean Buddhist texts that were published after the invention of the Korean alphabet Hunminjeongeum and until the end of the 16th century, and examines aspects of translation and annotation in those texts. In particular, we compare and analyze the forms and contents of some selected translation and annotation writings that were recently published taking those texts as original works. This paper establishes some principles of translation and annotation, and submit proposed tentative versions of the two selected texts incorporating the established principles. The chapter 2 presents a list of Korean Buddhist texts that were published from the mid 15th century to the end of the 16th century, and examines some characteristics of the texts and features of translation and annotation in them. The chapter 3 selects 10 translation and annotation writings that were published recently since the 1950s taking 3 Korean Buddhist texts as original works. We compare and analyze the forms and contents of those writings. The chapter 4 establishes some principles of translation and annotation, and accommodates these principles into the translation and annotation of the two selected texts Wongakgyeong-eonhae(圓覺經諺解) and Moguja Susimgyeol-eonhae (牧牛子修心訣諺解). It is expected that to advance the researches on the history of Korean we researchers get more engaged in the translation and annotation of Korean Buddhist texts.

It was around the year 2000 when Chinese interpretation and translation classes were set up in undergraduate courses. The fact that language courses and further Chinese interpretation and translation classes were added to the curriculum having revolved around Chinese literature classes reflects the trend that emphasizes the practicality of learning. This study examined the current situations and problems about interpretation and translation classes offered by China-related departments at four-year colleges and then tries to suggest effective teaching methods based on my teaching experience since September 2000. In conclusion, by suggesting that undergraduate courses have interpretation and translation classes not just for would-be interpreters, this thesis discusses the necessity of setting up at least a class linked to interpretation and translation if the curriculum in undergraduate courses involves Chinese language classes.

The Study of Book Titles’ for Korean－Chinese Translation Methods Cui, Hai-Man․Han, Yong-Su The title of a book is a sophisticated element. A book titles’ translation determines whether the book will be noticed by the readers of the target language or not．There are a lot of Korean books have been published in Chinese. If a Korean book wants to be noticed by Chinese readers, it should have a good translated title. This paper provides Skopos theory, a new guiding theory to the study of book title translation. For the purpose of analysis, the translation methods are categorized into five groups: maintenance, paraphrasing, adding, deleting and shifting. How to use the five methods is very important. When it comes to translating a title, we need to choose the best methods from these five. First, we can think about maintenance; if that does not work, we can think about paraphrasing, then adding or deleting. If we can not find a good translation, then we have to think about shifting the book's title. Second, Translators are expected to choose the best translation method to reflect the meaning of the Korean books and attract Chinese readers. Third, The role of the publisher of the translated text is very important too. If we want to make a good translation of a book's title, the publisher needs to collaborate with the translator. This paper aims to provide a valuable case study for the Korean book's titles into Chinese translation studies and to serve as a stepping stone for Korean into Chinese translating practices. It seeks to enhance the cultural communication bettwen Korean and Chinese people.

Анализ разных случаев перевода корейских пословиц и поговорок, употребяемых в текстахгазетно-публицистического стиля позволяет сделать следующие выводы:Во-первых, с учётом характеристик газетно-публицистического стиля переводчик долженприменять приём перевода, ориентированный на выполнение их коммуникативно-прагматических функций в данном стиле т.е. воспроизведение коммуникативной ситуацииоригинала для читателя (слушателя) ПЯ. Во-вторых, оптимальным переводческим решением, несомненно, является поискидентичной пословицы и погорки ПЯ т.е. полного эквивалента. В-третьих, при отсутствии непосредственных соответствий пословично-поговорочныевыражения, употребленные в языке оригинала, можно перевести с помощью аналогичногоэквивалента (частичного эквивалента), хотя он и будет построен на иной словесно-образнойоснове. Итак, не возникло трудностей у переводчиков при переводе корейских пословиц ипоговорок, полные эквиваленты которых в русском языке соответствуют по смыслукорейским пословицам и поговоркам и которые также основаны на одних с ними образах, иличастичные эвиваленты которых в русском языке соответствуют только по смыслу корейским. В случае газетно-публицистического стиля при наличии полного или частичного эквивалентажелательно бы его употреблять для передачи коммуникативно-прагматической цели иповышения силы воздействия пословично-поговорочных выражений в газетно-публицистическом стиле. В-четвёртых, в тех случаях, когда нет русского эквивалента корейской пословице или жесоответствующая корейская пословица имеет ярко выраженную национальную окраску,приходится прибегать к свободному переводу, т. е. к дословному переводу (калькированию)или к дословному переводу с объяснением или трансформацией (двойному переводу) или же кописательному переводу. В-пятых, при переводе пословиц и поговорок, употребляемых в текстах литературно-художественного стиля оптимальным выбором переводчика является калькирование, илидословный перевод несмотря на наличие полного или частичного эквивалента. Этот приёмперевода предпочитают обычно в тех случаях, когда другими приемами, в частностифразеологическими, нельзя передать пословичн...