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This paper investigates Mark Twain's critical attitude toward Southern American society with its slavery by analyzing his two major novels, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court. These two novels share the common theme of slavery, and more significantly, illustrate the gradual change of Twain's deepening pessimistic views on human nature and social institutions. The first chapter deals with Twain's social criticism, paying close attention to the cruel and inhumane tendencies of the South and slavery as shown in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Through many episodes we can see the problems of slavery and Jim's symbolic meaning on the raft floating on the Mississippi. We can also trace how Twain deals with the relation between the white and the colored, using the raft-journey as a literary device to reveal slavery. Jim's escape form Miss Watson and Huck's final decision mean a pungent attack to slavery. The next chapter deals the problematic traits of slavery, the social institution of European medieval society, as shown in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court. In this novel, Twain directly criticizes monarchy, aristocracy and an authoritarian church of King Arthur's England, but he presents the slavery of England as the allegory of American slavery through the allusion to American society. In conclusion, we can read slavery the universal vice of all times. Like this, Twain is essentially a fine social critic. Focusing on the evils of slavery, he has attempted to expose social degradation and criticize his own contemporary society. His cynical attitude continues to appear in most of his novels through the emphasis of human cruelty or the mistrust of human nature.

This thesis is on the parody in Artist Descending A Staircase of Tom Stoppard. Through this paper, I study Stoppard's parody in Artist Descending A Staircase focused on his career as a drama critic. Stoppard's career helps him use parody to make plays, especially on the parodies. His parody contains the critical viewpoints about the art but in the modern artist's works, Beauchamp who parodies Marcell Duchamp, the great master of the modern art, does not have the critical view about the art in Artist Descending A Staircase. In Artist Descending A Staircase, the most characters are parodied to the modern artists, and so are their works. This radio play's parody is concerned about the differences of Duchamp and other avant-garde artists as the original text and the Stoppard's characters as the parodied text. From the differences of two text, Stoppard makes the new understanding of the modern art. The importance of the critical parody is due to Stoppard's assurance of the function of the art, the literature. Stoppard believes that the art must function as the moral matrix in the modern society. This belief appears his parodies of the literature, and the people.

The major purpose of this paper is to examine various features of the current American English. The importance of English is being recognized by most of the nations in the world as an international language. In this sense, it is significant for us to study and investigate how American English reflects the American tradition and the American history. American English can be characterized by its uniformity, preservation of archaic words. Ever since Captain John Smith landed at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 and the Pilgrim Fathers at Massachusetts in 1620, the English of the United States has become different from that of England, and the former was called American English, and the latter British English. There are also differential varieties in spelling, vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar, between them and today's American English has gained extreme popularity around the world. American English is divided into four regional varieties: the North, the Coastal South, the Mid-land, and the West. There are some minor differences in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary between the regional varieties, but they are quite homogeneous, considering the size of the land, compared with the regional varieties. And also Black English has grown out of a mixture of the white people's English used in the South and the African languages of the plantation slaves. As the United States plays more important roles in media, popular culture, the academic world, and in world affairs diplomatical, and military, American English has become the most important international language. In conclusion, this paper suggests that we should have a knowledge of history of the target language, American English, for a better education and understanding of their language and culture.

This paper aims to review some features of static and dynamic semantics and to suggest an alternative to them. First, I will investigate what static and dynamic semantics are and how they have been developed within the framework of formal semantics in terms of donkey sentences. This paper focuses especially on two topics from the donkey sentences. The first one is how an antecedent of donkey sentence can bind a donkey pronoun which falls outside the scope of its antecedent, and the second how to interpret strong and weak readings of donkey sentences properly. Static semantics succeeded in binding a donkey anaphora through DRS construction algorithm, but it has no interest in strong and weak readings of donkey sentences at all. Meanwhile, dynamic semantics succeeded to solve those two topics. Chierchia(1995) suggested that the weak reading of donkey sentences can be interpreted through the dynamic binding, while the strong one of them through the E-type pronoun with the maximality presupposition respectively. This paper, however, gives an alternative strategy for dealing with a strong reading within the framework of discourse representation theory, in which I insist that two readings be not totally independent but a strong reading be subordinated in a weak reading. In addition, I give some positive evidences that can support my alternative.

미국 영어의 탄설음화(Flapping) 규칙은 강세 모음과 모음사이에서 /t, d/가 탄설음으로 변하는 단순한 과정으로 이해되고 있다. 하지만 본 논문에서 보여지다시피 미국 영어의 탄설음화는 주변 분절음의 자질, 강세, 음절과 단어상의 위치 외에도 음성적 요소, 의미론적 요소, 발화 속도 등이 관련된 매우 복잡한 과정이다. 본 논문에서는 단어내에서의 탄설음화와 단어 사이에서 일어나는 탄설음화를 주변 강세를 기준으로 구분하고 각각의 탄설음화 과정의 음성/음운적 특징을 분석하였다. 구체적으로 1) 탄설음화에 대한 주변 분절음 환경에 대한 이전의 분석들을 검토하고 이를 바탕으로 보다 정교하고 설득력있는 환경을 제시하며 2) 탄설음화에 미치는 강세의 역할과 그 이유를 설명하고 3) 탄설음화에 미치는 음절/단어내의 위치의 중요성을 보여주고자 하였다. 단어내에서 일어나는 탄설음화의 경우 /t, d/ 앞의 모음에 강세가 있는 경우는 탄설음화가 일어나지만 (e.g. water→wa[ɾ]er), 강세 모음이 /t, d/ 뒤쪽에 있는 경우는 일어나지 않는다(e.g. deter→*de[ɾ]er). 이런 강세의 영향은 탄설음화의 특징인 조음시간의 단축, 구강 접촉의 축소, 그리고 음절/단어내에서의 위치와의 연관성과 영어의 강약(trochee) 음보 형태로 설명될 수 있음을 보였다. 단어 사이의 탄설음화의 경우 강세의 역할은 줄어들지만 대신 음성적 요소나 의미론적 요소, 발화 속도, 음절/단어내의 위치가 탄설음화 규칙 적용에 커다란 영향을 미치게 된다. 음성적 요소로는 단위말 억양 곡선(Final Intonation Contour; FIC)에 따른 음성적 특징이 탄설음화에 영향을 끼치며 문장 사이의 긍정적 의미 연결(positive semantic connection)을 포함하는 의미적 요소 역시 탄설음화의 적용에 영향을 끼친다. 이 논문에서는 단어사이의 탄설음화에 영향을 미치는 이런 요소들을 구체적으로 분석하고 이들 요소들을 고려한 탄설음화 규칙을 재구성하였다. 아울러 음절이나 단어내 강/약 위치가 탄설음화에 미치는 영향은 sought Ed→[sɔɾɛd], saw Ted→[sɔthɛd] 등에서 보여지는 규칙 적용 양상의 차이에서 잘 드러남을 보이면서 탄설음화에 미치는 음절/단어내의 위치의 중요성을 주장하였다.

Tenny(1987, 1994) argues that it is aspectual component of thematic roles that governs their linking to syntax. That is, only aspectual structure is visible to syntax so that syntax needs to see not the thematic roles but the aspectual structure only. Tenny(1987) proposes 'The Aspectual Interface Hypothesis' saying that 'the universal principles of mapping between thematic structure and syntactic argument structure are governed by aspectual properties relating to measuring-out'. For measuring events, Tenny(1987, 1994) suggests that the internal direct argument be a measurer delimiting events, whereas Wyngaerd(2001) insists that resultative phrases delimit events. In this paper, I assume that all the resultative phrases have an aspectual role, and suggest the constraint on resultatives: resultative phrases have an aspectual role TERMINUS. With this constraint, I expect to constrain the possible resultative phrases and also substitute another constraint on resultatives such as Further Specification Constraint. I also suggest that the verbs of resultative construction have an aspectual structure [MEASURE, TERMINUS] or [PATH, TERMINUS]. In a sentence Kim ran into the room, for example, the scale for measuring out would be the path into the room. This exactly means that the measurer of the event described by the verb run is the implicit path and explicit terminus. Thus, I conclude that the measurer of events is the resultative small clauses rather than direct internal arguments or resultative phrases.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affect the use of English reading strategies according to students' sex, major, grade and reading comprehension score in TOEIC. Mikuluecky' reading strategies(1990) were modified and administered to measure the students' strategy use. The questionnaire listed 39 reading strategies. The subjects were comprised of 131 S University Students from various departments enrolled in English conversation classes. Major findings are as follows: girls used the patterns of textual organization more frequently than boys regarding sex(p<.05), but no significant difference was found as a whole. A significant difference was found in the use of guessing, scanning, understanding textual organization and reconstructing of meanings with respect to major(p<05), but no significant difference as a whole. No significant difference was found related to grade, but the use of top-down reading strategies increased as a whole according to the year of the grade. A significant co-relation(p<.05) revealed between the reading comprehension competence and the use of guessing and understanding textual patterns. A significant co-relation(p<.05) revealed between the listening comprehension competence and the use of guessing, understanding textual patterns and scanning.