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During the tenure of President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (2003-2010), Brazil demonstrated a prominent move in foreign policy. In the context of its domestic political and economic stability, Brazil has consolidated its political and economic regional cooperation and multilateral diplomacy, a long-term cooperation with strategic partner countries, an offensive foreign trade policy in the energy and agriculture sectors, and an aggressive posture in international monetary policy. This paper calls this active foreign policy, based on Brazil's recent economic emergence, a ‘Power Diplomacy' and attempts to analyze its nature and limitations. First, Brazilian power diplomacy's mid-term goal seems to be the acquisition of the UN Security Council permanent member position. Second, in terms of trade policy, Brazil has taken an aggressive stance regarding the opening of agriculture and bio-energy markets due to its international competitiveness in these sectors which guarantees net profit. This means that, especially under the PT government, the priority is given to foster strategic industries rather than the 1990s trade policy of opening domestic markets. These practical interests pursued by Brazilian trade policy is not based on comparative advantage theory, but rather operate as a way of supporting national industrial policy. Third, the Brazilian government has criticized the major countries’ monetary policy to intentionally encourage currency depreciation in the context of the global financial crisis by labeling it as "currency war". One should also note the contradiction of Brazilian policy management. Brazil's aggressive positions about the currency war and its new industrial policy focus on the competitiveness of Brazilian export products. But in their background, there is the conflicting logic of ‘market’ principles, in the currency war offensive, and the strengthening of the role of the ‘state’ in the industrial policy.

As of 2012, the Brazilian economy is the world's sixth largest by nominal GDP and it is a member state of the BRICS countries, the world's fastest growing major economies. Despite the fact that its rising up on the world stage, only a little information such as the Samba dance, exotic carnivals or soccer has been known to Koreans. However, since the global economy was pushed into deep recession caused by the US financial crisis, Brazil has been our largest new market and with its great deal of resources, it has become one of our most important economic partners. In this context, the aim of this study is to find ways to enhance the mutual relationship by utilizing the contents and resources of the Korean community in Brazil. By doing so, it is believed to bridge the two countries socio-economically as well as culturally. Bom Retiro was chosen to carry out the study because it has now become a center of the Korean community, officially recognized as being the Koreatown in São Paulo.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal investigar sobre o uso do artigo definido do português por aprendizes coreanos e comparar a realização do artigo definido por aprendizes de nível básico e por aprendizes de nível intermediário. A fim disso, buscamos apóio teórico na hierarquia de dificuldade, nos conceitos de interferência e nas duas categorais, ou seja, referente específico e conhecimento pressuposto do interlocutor. Os dados transversais foram gerados pelos 22 participantes coreanos aprendendo português na Universidade Hankuk de Estudos Estrangeiros. Categorizamos os empregos do artigo definido em 7 tipos: referente óbvio, referente único, referente compartilhado(uso dêitico), anáfora associativa(segunda menção), catáfora topônimo e uso opcional. A seguir, analisamos as inadequações e as características do uso do artigo definido. Através da análise dos dados, foi possível constatar que o artigo definido é pouco usado por coreanos. Mesmo tendo consciência da diferença entre as duas línguas, os aprendizes coreanos evitaram usar o sistema desconhecido e complicado. Podemos explicar que a esquiva resulta da interferência da língua materna ou do conhecimento imaturo na fase inicial de desenvolvimento. Os alunos coreanos precisarão de mais tempo para entender a diferença entre o coreano e o português e a complexidade do sistema de artigos. Nessa fase, é muito importante o papel dos professores de português. O ensino focalizado na forma com base nos resultados encontrados aqui pode ajudar a aquisição ou a aprendizagem do sistema difícil da língua-alvo.

O presente artigo pretende aproximar-se da questão dos relacionamentos tecidos pelos entrevistados pertencentes à Geração 1.5 de imigrantes coreanos que vivem em São Paulo. É possível identificar alguns círculos importantes, pelo tempo e regularidade de frequênciaa esses ambientes, e com os quais eles tinham um vínculo mais duradouro - como a família, comunidade coreana, igrejas coreanas e escolas. Aqui o foco será lançado sobre os aspectos dos relacionamentos no âmbito escolar onde os entrevistados experienciaram seus outros, brasileiros, de modo regular e mais equilibrado em termos de diversidade étnica e cultura do país, com o objetivo de refletir sobre como se deu a integração dos imigrantes coreanos no âmbito brasileiro ou no seu processo social e como aqueles têm interpretado e vivido esse encontro com o Brasil nesse espaço. É de grande importância examinar esse ponto quando lembramos que, nas relações com os brasileiros é que os entrevistados experienciaram a alteridade, e foi a partir dessa experiência que se tornaram capazes de olharem para si mesmos a partir dos olhos dos brasileiros, isto é, de fazerem a objetivação tanto de si quanto dos Outros, de forma menos preconceituosa.

This study goes to propose a hypothesis being capable of explaining the relation between categorial meaning, which includes kind-refering and generic meaning, and forms of nouns that saturate it. Argument positions are generally occupied by nouns. However, not all forms of nouns are allowed to be inserted in those positions according to the meanings assigned by predicates. In many previous works, it has been focused on the positional relations between predicates and its arguments without considering how or what decide the proper form of nouns to saturate the categorial meaning. In this study, I adopt an alternative approach doing focus on forms of nouns themselves to show how a noun can saturate the categorial meaning through cognitive processes independently from its syntactic position. According to my hypothesis, saturation of categorial meaning is completely depends on cognitive processes of noun itself which I visualized in the name of noun profile. This profile explains how the categorial meaning can be saturated with nouns with proper forms according to the nouns types, namely massive and common nouns or count and uncountable nouns. I introduced the notion of metonymy, synecdoche, more precisely, to expand my theory to the case where a singular noun represent the categorial meaning. Furthermore, I suggest here constraints on construal operations that can be explain the conflicts between languages possibly resulted from my hypothesis. In this article, while I use mainly portuguese and brazilian portuguese corpus to justify my theory, I strongly believe that this hypothesis be applicable to other languages as far as human cognitive competence is universal.

O presente artigo apresenta uma análise simbólica sobre o papel da comida na obra Gabriela, cravo e canela: crônica de uma cidade do interior, do escritor brasileiro Jorge Amado. Ambientada em contextos socio-históricos da região do cacau, Ilhéus, quando passava por bruscas tranformações da sociedade moderna, por volta do ano 1925, a obra procura valorizar a cultura baiana e a mestiçagem que para o autor significavam uma espécie de laboratório para refletir sobre o Brasil e sua identidade cultural híbrida. Já que o modo de dizer apóia sempre o tema narrado, o autor opta pelo gênero literário crônica que oscila entre a literatura e o jornalismo, e por conseguinte acaba mostrando também o caráter híbrido. Pelo fato de estar tão perto do dia-a-dia, sua crônica da comida nos ajuda a ver as coisas com retidão e reconhecer sua verdadeira natureza. Ora, ela nos possibilita estabelecer ou restabelecer a dimensão das coisas e das pessoas. Levando-se essas considerações, o artigo pretende abordar a culinária amadiana tanto como forma de interação na sociedade brasileira quanto como forma de despertar através dos sentidos a possibilidade de (re)construções simbólicas e de identidades culturais.

International interest in the Amazon has been dramatically increased as its importance for biodiversity and carbon sequestration have become more evident since 1990's, especially 1992 Rio conference. A number of biomes, including the Brazilian Amazon, were declared national patrimony and were managed for preservation and sustainable use. The 1990s was particularly active years for forest policy in Brazil, both through domestic movement and international engagement. Historical trace of the forest policies for almost 100 years can be followed by reviewing of stages of forest management reflecting the government’s economic development plan and environmental protectionism. In this study I aim to review the dynamic flow of brazilian forest policy which has been affected by government other policies, interest parties lobby and international concern. I review from the starting of protectionism ideas against Portuguese extraction in Brazil by 1900 to recent Dilma Rousseff’s veto on new Forestry Code. The Oil crisis, forest plantations, agribusiness, and infrastructure connecting have closely affected the deforestation in Brazil. The peaks and troughs in the export of deforestation related products also appear to be correlated with the introduction of the Plano Real, changes in Legal Reserve requirements and development of forest regulations. Recently, the issue of climate change has been the leading cause of deforestation due to increasing demand of the agricultural land for sugarcane to get bioenergy source in Brazil.

Moral harassment has appeared in Brazil after the opening of the domestic market since 1990 with intensified competition among companies to encourage productivity improvements. While federal law is not clear about moral harassment, the labour courts have come to establish through jurisprudence the legal concept of moral harassment, its conditions and scope for application, etc. Looking at the development so far, we could see as constituent requirements of moral harassment, repeated act of violence with intention during certain period. Intentionality seems to be presumed when acts of violence are repeated. And the recent doctrine and jurisprudence go further accepting the proof of damage by victim is unnecessary for better protection of victim. The reason for all these tendencies is to consider moral harassment in the human right protection context and to highlight the necessity of legal protection for victims considering the relationship between the aggressor and victim as socially inequal. Federal legislative bill n.6.757/10 in 2010 about moral harassment also reflects these doctrinal and judicial tendencies, bearing among others the burden of proof to aggressor and providing minimum compensation on moral harassment at least 10 times over victim's wage amount guarantying reinforced protection to victim and hoping punitive educational effect to aggressor. Federal legislative bill n.7.202/10 in 2010 has a intention to include moral harassment in the list of industrial accidents. Accordingly, pecuniary burden of companies will increase and the number of labour actions will be high-rocketed. However, on the other hand, it shows the progress of legal system reflecting the change of labour environment in globalized world. As mental and psychological stress is increasing in the workplace as competition continues to go up, it requires the solution to this problem. The human right approach the jurisprudence and legislative bills take to protect victim of moral harassment seems to reflect well the changing social demand. In fact, company should enforce to prevent the moral harassment at workplace and to protect the victim. Recently, corporate social responsibility has emerged as an important social issue. Humane care to employees is also social responsibility of corporate. Even though there are significant progress on wage and welfare for employees, company should not force employees to increase their productivity as compensation. The obsession with productivity could lead to moral harassment leaving company as simple profit-pursuing economic entity.