Earticle

Designating as many Protected Areas and networking them is essential for the enhancement of national biodiversity. In Korea, 20 National Parks occupy most large Proteced Area in total and have most abundant biodiversity. So, It needs to build National Ecological Network which focusing on National Parks. This study propose 5 ecological axis and 6 eco-region as a alternative of the current government policy. The Ecological Network is composed of Core Area, Buffer Zone and Corridor. In this study I suggest 50 km2 for the proper area criteria as a mountainous Core Area, and 1 km2 in inland wetland, and 10 km2 in coastal wetland. And also suggest 40~60 km as a proper distance between Core Area in good-managed area, and 20~30 km in more small or fragmented area. The proper outline-distance of Buffer Zone from the outline of Core Area is suggested as 2 km in mountainous area, and 1km in wetland area. The proper width of Corridor is suggested as 2~4 km in mountainous area, and 0.5~1 km at the river or stream. Based on the such criteria, I propose 38 Core area and 60 sub-Core Area in the 6 eco-regions of Korea. Among the 38 Core Area, 19 area is existing National Park and the other areas are needed new designation as the National Park.

본 연구는 국립공원 환경교육 프로그램 개선 및 활성화를 위한 기초자료를 제시하기 위해 환경교육 프로그램 운영 현황 및 자연환경안내원의 인식조사를 실시하였다. 국립공원관리공단에서는 미래세대를 대상으로 78개의 환경교육 프로그램을 운영하고 있으며, 과학 교과과목과 연계한 프로그램이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 자연 환경안내원의 80% 이상이 자신의 직무가 공원관리에 기여하고 있는 것으로 응답하였다. 그러나 직무 수행과 관련 하여 급여, 복지수준, 자연환경안내원 명칭, 정규 직종 신설 등이 시급하게 개선되어야 할 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 국립공원 환경교육 프로그램의 활성화를 위해서는 발달단계별 학습수준 및 교과과정 연계성 강화와 자연환경안내원 의 근무여건, 직무 전문성 향상 등을 위한 체계적인 노력이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the operational status of environmental education programs and interpreters' awareness in order to provide basic information for improving and activating environmental education of national park. The Korea National Park Service (KNPS) operates 78 environmental education programs mostly linked curriculum subject of science. Meanwhile, over 80% of national park interpreters answered that their duty contribute to enhance park management. However salary, welfare status, duty name, establishment of regular occupation, etc were urgently improved with reference to conducting their duties. Therefore, environmental education programs of national park should consider developmental stage of students and linkage of curriculum subject, working conditions for national park interpreters, improvement of duty speciality for the purpose of vitalizing them systematically.

본 조사는 2013년 봄(4~5월)과 여름(7월) 2회에 걸쳐 변산반도국립공원 내 개설된 10개 임도주변의 식물 상과 생태계교란정도를 파악하여 효율적인 임도의 관리방안을 마련하기 위해 실시하였다. 조사한 10개 임도에서 확 인된 식물상은 41목 97과 353종 68변종 13품종 3아종으로 총 437분류군(taxa)이 조사되었다. 이중 환경부지정 멸종 위기생물 II급인 노랑붓꽃(Iris koreana Nakai) 1종이 조사되었으며, 귀화식물은 44종이며 그 중 환경부지정 생태계 교란생물은 돼지풀, 도깨비가지, 애기수영, 서양금혼초 등 4종이 확인되었다. 전체에 대한 도시화지수(UI: Urbanization Index)는 14.24%이고, 귀화율(NI, Naturalization Index)은 10.07%로 나타났으며 개별 임도의 경우 도시화지수가 가 장 낮은 곳이 2.27%이고 가장 높은 곳은 7.77%로 나타났다. 귀화율의 경우 4.46%에서 11.86%을 나타냈다. 도시화 지수와 귀화율에 대한 개별 임도 간 차이는 인위적 간섭정도, 즉, 임도의 주기적 관리와 차량 출입의 빈도에 따라 차이가 나는 것으로 판단된다.

This study was carried out to prepare the effective forest road management plan by examining the flora and ecosystem disturbance status around 10 forest roads opened in Byeonsan Peninsula National Park 2 times in the spring (April to May) of 2013 and summer (July). Flora identified at 10 forest roads examined were found out to be a total of 437 taxonomic groups including 41 orders, 97 families, 353 species, 68 variants, 13 kinds, 3 subspecies. Among them, 1 endangered species designated by the Ministry of Environment was found such as Grade II, Iris Koreana Nakai, 44 species of naturalized plant were identified, and 4 species of ecosystem disturbance organism designated by the Ministry of Environment were identified including ragweed, bogy branch, Rumex acetosella and cat’s-ear. The Urbanization index for all was 14.24%, and the Naturalization index was 10.07%. Among individual forest loads, the road with the lowest UI was found to be 2.27%, the road with the highest UI was 7.77%. NI was found between 4.46% and 11.86%. The difference of UI and NI in individual forest roads is found to appear depending on the degree of artificial intervention, that is, regular management of forest road and frequency of vehicle access.

본 연구는 2012년 1월부터 2013년 6월까지 새만금방조제 축조에 따른 고사포·하섬 연안습지의 조류의 분포와 탐방객수의 유연관계를 파악하여 연안습지의 보호·관리방안을 마련하기 위해 실시한 것이다. 하섬에서 확인 된 조류는 총 17종 2,903개체로 최우점종은 괭이갈매기가 1,684개체(58.0%)로 가장 많이 확인되었고 다음으로 재갈 매기 650개체(22.4%), 검은머리물떼새 213개체(7.3%), 한국재갈매기 80개체(2.8%) 및 줄무늬노랑발갈매기 69개체 (2.4%) 순이었다. 고사포에서 확인된 조류는 총 15종 1,336개체로 최우점종은 괭이갈매기가 889개체(66.5%)로 가장 많이 확인되었고 다음으로 재갈매기 213개체(16.0%), 줄무늬노랑발갈매기 82개체(6.1%), 한국재갈매기 53개체(4.0%) 및 검은머리물떼새 42개체(3.1%) 순이었다. 하섬과 고사포에서 확인된 멸종위기종은 검은머리물떼새와 노랑부리백로 였으며 노랑부리백로는 고사포에서만 확인되었다. 검은머리물떼새는 하섬에서 주로 관찰되었으며 번식기간인 4월 에서 6월까지는 개체수가 감소하다 번식기 이후에는 개체수가 증가하였다. 탐방객이 150명 전후가 되면 조류의 서식에 영향을 주는 것으로 판단되며, 이에 대한 서식지 관리방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

This study was conducted to prepare protection and management plans for coastal wetlands by identifying the relationship between the distribution of birds and the number of visitors in Gosapo, Haseom coastal wetlands after the construction of the Saemangeum breakwater from January 2012 to June 2013. Birds confirmed in Haseom totaled 17 species comprised of 2,903 individuals. The most dominant species was confirmed to be Black-tailed Gulls, which totaled 1,684 individuals (58.01%); and this was followed by Vega Gulls (Larus vegae) composed of 650 individuals (22.39%) and then in the order of Oystercatchers composed of 213 individuals (7.34%), Korean Vega Gulls (Larus cachinnans) composed of 80 individuals (2.76%), and Heuglin°Øs Gulls (Larus heuglini) composed of 69 individuals (2.38%). Birds confirmed in Gosapo totaled 15 species comprised of 1,336 individuals, and the most dominant species was confirmed to be Black-tailed Gulls composed of 889 individuals (66.54%). This was followed by Vega Gulls composed of 213 individuals (15.94%), Heuglin's Gulls composed of 82 individuals (6.14%), and Korean Vega Gulls composed of 53 individuals (3.97%), and Eurasian Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) composed of 42 individuals (3.14%). Endangered species which were confirmed in Haseom and Gosapo were observed to be Oystercatchers and Chinese egrets (Egretta europhotes), and Chinese egrets were confirmed only in Gosapo. Oystercatchers were mainly observed in Haseom, and the number of individuals decreased during the breeding season from April to June, it increased again after the breeding season. In case the number of visitors is around 150, it may affect the inhabitation of birds, and it would be necessary to prepare the management plans for their habitat.

2008년 4월부터 2012년 10월까지 속리산국립공원 7개 조사지점에 담수어류상을 조사하였다. 채집된 어류 는 5목 8과 24종 8,880개체로 확인되었다. 우점종은 참갈겨니 Zacco koreanus(73.0%)이었다. 한국고유종은 묵납자루 Acheilognathus signifer, 줄납자루 Acheilognathus yamatsutae, 가는돌고기 Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa, 쉬리 Coreoleuciscus splendidus, 참중고기 Sarcocheilichthys variegatus wakiyae, 돌마자 Microphysogobio yaluensis, 배 가사 리 Microphysogobio longidorsalis, 참종개 Iksookimia koreensis, 미유기 Silurus microdorsalis, 자가사리 Liobagrus mediadiposalis, 퉁가리 Liobagrus andersoni, 둑중개 Cottus koreanus, 꺽지 Coreoperca herzi, 얼록동사리 Odontobutis interrupta 등 14종으로 확인되었다. 법정보호종은 환경부지정 멸종위기야생동·식물 II급인 묵납자루 Acheilognathus signifer와 가는돌고기 Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa 2종이 확인되었다. 전체 연구기간 중 가장 다양한 종이 출현한 시기는 2009년(17종)이었고 2008년에는 16종이 확인되었다.

The fauna of freshwater fish were investigated from Aprial, 2008 to October, 2012 at seven station in Songnisan National Park. During the surveyed preriod, Collected fishes were 8,880 individuals and were identified to 24 species 8 genera belonging to 5 orders. Dominant species was Zacco koreanus (73.0%). The endemic species of Korea were 14 species: Acheilognathus signifer, Acheilognathus yamatsutae, Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Sarcocheilichthys variegatus wakiyae, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Microphysogobio longidorsalis, Iksookimia koreensis, Silurus microdorsalis, Liobagrus mediadiposalis, Liobagrus andersoni, Cottus koreanus, Coreoperca herzi, Odontobutis interrupta. Endangered species (Level II) by the Ministry of Environment Were 2 species: Acheilognathus signifer, Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa. The period when the most various species appeared during the total research period was 2009 (17 species), and 16 species were confirmed in 2008.