Earticle

A laboratory-scale microwave/hot-air drying unit has been developed and used to conduct microwave dry routinely, rapidly, and safely. To investigate possibility for the application of microwave irradiations in the drying processing of manufactures, water dispersed adhesive was dryed at various drying conditions with various drying methods such as oven, infrared, hot-air, microwave, and microwave/hot-air drying method. The decrease amounts of water content in the samples increased in the order of the samples dried by oven, infrared, hot-air, microwave, and microwave/hot-air drying method. Dried films were not separated at interfaces and initial patterns were not changed in the samples dried with microwave and microwave/hot-air drying method.

Laboratory test method which determines the emulsification rate of dampening solution and ink, have been described in lithography using the mutual repellence of oil and water. The emulsification is produced by dispersion of dampening water and ink because of the printing pressure on a practical press. Ink-water balance of rheological properties are the important factor in lithographic printing. The emulsification theory and laboratory test method deduced from Surland and Kim. The effects of each chemicals concentration and pH of dampening solution into change on the emulfisication rate were investigated in this paper. It is shown that the emulfisication curves relate to the rates of change in the emulfisication time and temperature, to the stability of the emulsion balance. To study on the factors determining the emulsion velocity, we have measured water pickup and calculated emulsification velocity constant and activation energy.

In this paper we suggested the new type transfer polymer mixture. The new polymer mixture is changed the concept of transfer. A general transfer materials were made a transfer paper and were used a bonding agent. But this material don't need them. The new type transfer material is penetrated in printed matter. That time, this material have no effect on image areas. And then the separation was occurred at the penetrated point. We must be considered the transfer factors. In order factors are fixing and than we investigated a temperature and a humidity. This study were investigated that the effective conditions for transfer factors of the new transfer polymer were temperature 24℃, humidity 80 %.

The overall objective of this study was to investigate the effect of mechanical pretreatment on fiber property modification. The mechanical action in the Hobart mixer induced high shear action and compression impact on wood fibers, which resulted in the breakdowns of fiber internal structure, and introduced a lot of fibrillation(or delamination) to fibers by the mechanical pretreatment before refining. Experiments were conducted to investigate the fiber property modification after mechanical pretreatment, the effect of mechanical pretreatment by Hobart mixer on handsheet strength properties. The result of this study as follow: 1. The effect of mechanical pretreatment were different from one another according to pretreatment conditions and fiber furnishes. The size of bowl and knife dimension of the Hobart mixer seemed to have effected the results, too. 2. The mechanical pretreatment did not decrease fiber length and freeness, compared to the control(no pretreament). The mechanical pretreatment seemed to have resulted in the breakdowns of fiber internal structure, microcompressions on the surface of fibers and internal fibrillation(or delamination) to fibers.

The screen printing has to correspond with the higher efficiency and micronization of IC or LSI. Now higher precision and density in screen printing are strictly required and the precision has to be even less than 100 micron meter which brought up the shift to photographic process in this field. But in view of mass production screen printing has such advantage that it will promise to take an important part among electronics materials in future. UV-curable resin has the properties of quick-drying, high productivity at low temperature, energy saving, space saving, solventless, non-polluting and low-stinking, and thus, UV-curing system has been widely used in the fields of printing inks, adhesives, paints and coating agents. This study has been executed to phosphor micro-patterning used UV-curable resin. The phosphor micro-patterning properties of this photoresist were investigated under irradiation of UV light low pressure mercury lamp. When the exposed photoresist film was developed by pure water developer, the resolution of this photoresist was about 50㎛.

Joint Photographic Experts Group is standard still-image compression technique, established by the international organization for standardization (ISO) and international telecomunication standardization sector(ITUT). the standard is intended to be utilized in the various kinds of color still imaging systems as a standard color image coding format. Because JPEG is a lossy compression, the decompressed image pixel value are not the same as the values before compression. various distortions of JPEG compression and JPEG compression has been reported in various papers. Due to the the lossy character of the DCT-based JPEG compression, it's application to print has been limited. for head section of printing, compression ratio of more than 15 are obtained without noticeable image decreation. From comparison, the JPEG standard achieves higher compression with high signal-to-noise ratio. Reconstructed images by the JPEG standard is may be useful in the printing.

Beating and refining can be defined as the mechanical treatment of pulp carried out in the presence of water usually by passing the suspension of pulp fibers through a relatively narrow gap between a revolving rotor and a stationary stator, both of which carry bars or knives aligned more or less across the line of flow of the stock. Beating or refining is carried out primarily because of its effects on the physical properties of finished sheep of paper. As the result, we found that the mechanical pertreatment did not decrease fiber length and freeness, compared to the control (no pretreatment). The mechanical pretreatment seemed to have resulted in the breakdowns of fiber internal structure, microcompressions on the surface of fibers and internal fibrillation (or delamination) to fibers.

In this study, a power variable microwave synthetic system has been developed with modifying domestic microwave oven. The results of synthesis between phthalic anhydride and urea in copper I chloride for about 0.5～4h at about 155～170℃ under conventional and microwave synthethic method led to an copper phthalocyanine in higher yield and purity under microwave synthetic method, compare to conventional one. The morphologies of the samples synthesized at various reaction condition underthe conventional thermal and microwave method have been characterized by the means of SEM and BET.

Currently, many devices are used to reproduce electronic images in the various ways. However, the color that is reproduced in any device is different from the original color due to the differences in the gamut between devices. Gamut mapping is an important step in color image reproduction in order to conserve as much of the appearance of original image as possible. In this paper, the nearest point clipping method, the centroid clipping method(SLIN) and the straight clipping method(LLIN) were tested and analyzed with Munsell H, V and C that were derived from CIEL *a *b * as well as color differences( ΔE* ab), for the purpose of compensating more precisely the gamut differences between monitor and digital proofer or offset printing press and proposing the optimum method of gamut mapping for the characteristics of original to be printed.

The paper picking during printing is one of the most serious problems in printing press, which relate to the interaction between the ink and the paper. So far, It has been used many kinds of the devices and the machines as a pick test methods. However, the current pick test methods give little understanding of important mechanisms. In this report, the current pick test methods were briefly reviewed and a novel dry pick test method which we are proposing, was introduced.

We consider a optical system as a communicated channel, it consisted of many element transfer information. Then, it`s very important to know how it is operate well for specific proposal. Photosensitive material is important part of many optical systems, its OTF characteristics need to be clearly understood if the performance of the overall system is to evaluated. We tested a holographic photosensitive material, basically similar to photographic material. Sayce logarithm test chart which has a variable spatial frequency squarewave test pattern. We used one of square bar, as a edge. In order to determine OTF, the first step is to convert the microdensitometer trace to an equivalent effective exposure trace by means of the characteristic curve and the second step is to analyse the effective exposure data to know image quality. As a result, we can evaluate a holographic material to use a OTF concept except a diffraction efficiency.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mechanical & optical properties on the artificial accelerated aging treatment of the acidic paper with alkali Chemical compound. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows: MgO presentive agent seem to have neutralizing capability of acidic paper and showed good the pH stability, folding endurance, tensile strength. For MgO presentive agent seemed to have effect than that of blank paper upon aging treatment. Brightness were found to decrease and increase by aging treatment. It could be concluded that the effect of MgO presentive agent during aging treatments was attributed to their neutralities and pH stability compared to those of acidic paper and newspaper. This seem to have cause lower damage of cellulose.

PDP(plasma display panel) is type of flate panel display make good use of the light emission that is produced by gas discharge. Barrier ribs PDP separating each subpixel prevents optical and electrical crosstalk from adjacent subpixels. In the forming method for PDP barrier ribs are included screen printing, sand-blasting, photoresist and photosensitive paste. This paper describes about an iterrelation between rheological properties of paste and structures of PDP barrier ribs for the screen printing.