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Puspose: The study was done to identify the influences of violence experience and violence response on burnoutof emergency room nurses. Methods: The subjects of this study were 185 nurses who worked in emergency roomsof 3 university and 15 general hospitals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA,Sheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 12.0. Results: The major findings of this study were as follow: There were significant differences in age, education, emergencyroom career, position, exercise in general characteristics. There were significant positive correlation betweenviolence experience and burnout, violence response and burnout. The significant factors influencing burnoutwere job stress, verbal violence, violence preventive program. Shift pattern, which explained 28% of theburnout. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop an intervention program for emergency room nurses to improvejob stress, verbal violence, violence preventive program. Shift pattern

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of job stress, hardness and burnout amongemergency room nurses. Methods: The subjects were 110 emergency room nurses from three university hospitaland three general hospital, with more than 500 beds, in G city and J region. Data collection was done from October11 to November 12, 2010. Results: The score of job stress was 3.8 out of 5 point, the score of hardness was 2.6out of 4 point, and the score of burnout was 3.3 out of 5 point. Burnout was found to be in a significant positivecorrelation with job stress and significant negative correlation with hardness. The main predictors of burnout wereto hardness, job stress and night duty, and these variables explained 45.2% about burnout. Conclusion: In conclusion,the higher job stress was in higher burnout and the higher hardness was in the lower burnout. It is necessaryto create improvement ways and programs to reduce and prevent burnout of emergency room nurses.

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the association between emotional labor and job stress in bus drivers, as well as to propose management strateㅃgies for job stress. Methods: The study was conducted in February 2013 and involved 182 bus drivers working in the Gyeonggi area. Results: emotional labor was 9.5±2.34 on average, and job stress was higher than the median of the same indicator among Korea’s workers in the areas of physical environment, job autonomy, and relationship conflicts. Factors that affected job stress was lower if the subjects’ Higher values for emotional labor indicated a higher level of job stress. Conclusion: To reduce among drivers, the following measures are necessary: increase the comfort of the driver’s seat within the vehicle, provide adequate rest between bus headways, provide comfortable in-house rest facilities, and establish physical training spaces to reduce musculoskeletal disorders as well as programs for reducing back pain. In addition, relationship conflicts may be relieved by increasing job autonomy as much as possible, by granting autonomous control of working hours and bus headways, as well as by banning long work hours. Moreover, various club activities, exercise programs, and counseling programs that workers can be involved in together may be beneficial. This study is significant in that it identified the relationship of the bus drivers’ emotional labor and job stress, which has previously been ignored as a research topic. Through its results, this study provides baseline data for the preparation of management strategies that can address the job stress of bus drivers.

Purpose: This research is a correlative study to assess the relationships of musculoskeletal subjective symptoms disorders and health promotion behavior of the daily plant construction workers. Methods: The subjects were comprised of 306 daily plant construction workers by self-reported questionnaires on October 19, 2011. The instruments used for this study were musculoskeletal subjective symptoms disorders (NIOSH) and health promotion lifestyle profile II (HPLP-II). The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 14.0. Results: The scores of health promotion behavior of daily plant construction workers were 2.13, and the scores of health promotion behavior were significantly different depending on gender (t=-2.51, p=.013), religion (t=3.10, p=.002), owning house (t=2.59, p= .010), exercise (t=6.01, p<.001), time to rest during work (t=2.21, p=.027), and work satisfaction (F=8.97, p<.001). The musculoskeletal subjective symptoms disorders attack rate was 90.5%. The results of the correlative study to assess relationships showed significant negative correlation between musculoskeletal subjective symptoms disorders and health promotion behavior (r=-1.45, p=.011). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that it was lower level of health promotion behavior level. Therefore, to increase the health promotion behavior of the daily plant construction workers, a great deal of efforts are required at the level of the government, employers and workers.

Purpose: Purpose: This study analyzed the relationship between working hours and the occurrence of industrialdisasters based on manufacturing businesses that are members of Federation of Korean Trade Unions.Methods:Repliers were managers of the safety & health department in the union, and 215 surveys out of 300 businessesthat agreed to participate in the research were analyzed. Results: 94 out of 300 companies, which counted for43.7%, replied to have experienced industrial disasters. 56 of those (59.6%) had less than 52 working hours perweek, and 38 companies (40.4%) had more than 52 working hours per week. 109 companies, which counted for50.7%, did not have an incident of industrial disaster. Companies with an average of more than 52 hours of workinghours per week were shown to have a 2.29 times (95% CI 1.08-4.87) higher possibility of having industrial disastersthan those with less than 52 hours of working hours. Conclusion: As the study showed that industrial disasterswere more likely to occur in businesses with working hours longer than 52 hours, ways to reduce working hoursneed to be developed and various safety measures need to be taken to prevent industrial disasters in case workersare undergoing long working hours.

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of U-Health program on metabolic syndrome of workers. Methods: This study was conducted with a pretest-posttest control group study for 6 month from May to October 2010. Subjects in the experimental group participated in the U-Health program (n=315), whereas the control group did not (n=157). Results: In the U-Health group, statistically significant reductions in BMI(body mass index), waist circumference, cholesterol, and triglyceride were observed. The results of this study showed that 6 months of U-Health program influenced on the metabolic syndrome of workers in a positive way. Conclusion: It is, therefore, suggested to actively utilize the U-Health program to manage the workers' health.