Earticle

Based on myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform, human skeletal muscle fi-bers can be categorized into three fiber types, type I, IIa, IIx fibers, and each fiber type has different characteristics. Typical characteristics are difference in force production, shortening velocity, and fatigue resis-tance. When the muscle is contract and stretched by a force that is greater than the force generated by the muscle, contraction-induced muscle damage frequently occurs. Several experimental models involv-ing both human and animal have considered the susceptibility of differ-ent muscle fiber type and part of muscles to eccentric induced muscle damage. General consensus is a greater susceptibility of fast-twitch fi-ber or type II fiber to damage following eccentric contractions. However, the results from these previous efforts were not enough to conclude the susceptibility between each individual fiber types after eccentric con- traction. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to explore detail limita-tion and interpretation of previous studies, and review the recent study that eliminated the prior limitations, such as strain magnitude, lengthen-ing velocity, fiber type heterogeneity, and muscle architecture issue.

This review is focused on the effect of nutritional intervention on de-layed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) that occurs after exercise. In general, high force eccentric contractions and/or unaccustomed exer-cise result in DOMS attributed to reduction in performance such as muscle strength and range of motion (ROM) for both athletes and non-athletes. Nutritional intervention is one of the preventive or thera-peutic ways to reduce DOMS. Previous research studies have suggest-ed the following nutrition intervention: caffeine, omega-3 fatty acids, taurine, polyphenols, and so on. Nutritional intervention with these nu-trients before and after exercise was reported to be effective in reduc-ing DOMS. These nutritional interventions have also been reported to affect inflammatory responses and oxidative stress leading to DOMS reduction. However, other studies have reported that these nutritional interventions have no effect on DOMS. It is suggested that intake of proper nutrition intervention can effectively reduce DOMS after exer-cise and quickly help an athlete return to exercise or training program. In addition, nutritional intervention may help both athletes and non-ath-letes who engage in physical therapy or rehabilitative programs after surgery or any injurious events.

The purpose of this study was to configure and apply the Alexander technique training program and assess the effect of program through physical, emotional and behavioral aspects. To achieve the research aims, qualitative research method had been conducted, subjecting 8 people, who were participating in Alexander Technique training pro-gram for this study. The study used focus group interview method for collecting date and employed for the interview method by mixing the semi-structured and unstructured questionnaire. The results were fol-lowings. First, one could develop body awareness and body conscious-ness through experiencing lived bodily sensation. Second, from Alexan-der Technique training program, people experienced psycho & physi-cal’s equilibrium. Third, one could change not only the manner of use of body but also the attitude to the life from conscious attention to daily or-dinary movement. The results provided empirical evidence of Alexander Technique training program’s functions in terms of physical, emotional and behavioral aspect through the process of consciousness control from lived body education.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the ketogenic diet through 3 weeks on oxidative stress and antioxidative capacity markers in Taekwondo athletes. The participants selected for this re-search were 18 high school taekwondo contestants aged 15-18 who had at least 5 yr of career as contestant. The subjects were randomly assigned to the ketogenic diet (KD) group and the Non ketogenic diet (NDK) group. Body composition and oxidative stress and antioxidative capacity markers (LDH, MDA, ROS, HDL, and SOD) were analysed be-fore and after 3 weeks of ketogenic diet. No significant difference was found between the groups in body composition, ROS and SOD level. The KD group showed an elevated HDL level and NKD group showed an elevated LDH and MDA level after ketogenic diet by 3 weeks. This result suggests that weight loss by 3 weeks of calorie restriction and exercise can cause oxidative stress, and that ketogenic diet can be ef-fective for preventing it. It could also be inferred that ketogenic diet can be effective for increasing blood antioxidative capacity.

College students with a tendency toward attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to act impulsively because they cannot control their behavior. They display low academic achievement and insufficient social skills, and are at high risk for alcoholism and drug abuse. Al-though various intervention methods have been used to reduce ADHD tendency (e.g., improving physical fitness and participating in sports and exercise), there are few studies on the relationship between ADHD and health-related physical fitness. Accordingly, this study explored the relationship between ADHD symptoms in college students and physical fitness. We measured health-related physical fitness and ADHD in 86 male college students using a self-report rating scale. The results showed the following. First, a significant relationship was found be-tween ADHD tendency and inattention/memory problems, hyperactivi-ty/restlessness, impulsivity/emotional lability, and abdominal fat. Push-ups were associated with ADHD tendency and the inattention/memory problems, hyperactivity/restlessness, impulsivity/emotional lability, and problems with self-concept subtests. Grip strength was significantly re-lated to inattention/memory problems. Second, risk factors for ADHD tendency significantly increased for male college students with low muscular strength and endurance relative to those with greater muscu-lar strength and endurance. Risk factors also significantly increased for male college students with high rates of abdominal obesity.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the Achyrantes japonica (A. japonica) extract on serum level of hormones from osteo-porosis induced ovariectomized rats. Two month-old rats were ovariec-tomized (OVX), remained untreated for 8 weeks, and were subsequently administered A. japonica (300 mg/kg) every day for 8 weeks. We exam-ined the effects of treated A. japonica every 10 days on ovariectomy-re-lated changes in Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGF), Insulin-like Growth Factor binding protein-3 (IGBF-3), Estrogen, Calcium, and Phosporus. After 8 weeks, the serum levels of IGF-I, -II, and IGFBP-3 were higher presented as compared to the other two groups (P<0.05), in the A. ja-ponica extract treatment on OVX rats. Bone alkaline phosphatase levels were increased through A. japonica extract treatment in OVX rats com-pared to the other two groups. There were no differences between OVX and A. japonica extract treated OVX rats in serum levels of estrogen, but estrogen levels for the sham group were higher than for the other two groups. A. japonica extract is increased to serum levels of IGFs and IGFBP-3 of osteoporosis induced by ovariectomized rats. Thus, the re-sults reveal that the A. japonica extract is a possible role for improve-ment of osteoporosis induced-ovariectomized rats and has a great po-tential as an alternative tool for the treatment of osteoporosis.

We aimed to study the safety and efficacy of the cystoscopy-assisted nonrefluxing ureteral reimplantation technique using submucosal tun-neling during laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy (UNC) with a psoas hitch in patients with distal ureter stricture after gynecologic surgery. We reviewed six female patients who underwent gynecological surger-ies. All patients showed persistent postoperative distal ureter stricture or obstruction. These patients underwent laparoscopic nonrefluxing UNC with a psoas hitch using a submucosal tunneling technique com-bined with cystoscopy at our institute. They had corrective surgery at an average of 13.3 weeks after ureteral injury. The short-term success was confirmed either by voiding cystourethrography (VCU) or by diuret-ic isotope renal scan (MAG-3) conducted 3 months after the operation. None of the patients showed evidence of postoperative stricture at the reimplanted site and reflux on either MAG-3 renal scan or VCU. None of the patients showed major or minor complications during follow-up. It is safe and feasible to perform the laparoscopic nonrefluxing UNC with a psoas hitch using a submucosal tunneling technique combined with cystoscopy for ureteral stricture.

Exercise has beneficial effect on cancer apoptosis and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID) gene expression is associated with apoptosis or cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated the association between BID single nucleotide poly-morphisms (SNPs) and the development, prostate volume, and interna-tional prostate symptom score (IPSS) of BPH. In 222 BPH males and 214 controls, two SNPs in BID [rs8190315 (Ser56Gly), and rs2072392 (As-p106Asp)] were genotyped and analyzed using multiple logistic regres-sion models. In the result, the genotype and allele frequencies of rs8190315 and rs2072392 were not associated with BPH development or IPSS, however, the allele frequencies [odd ratio (OR)=1.90, 95% confi-dence interval (CI)=1.07-3.41, P=0.03] and genotype frequencies (in dominant model, OR=1.94, 95% CI=1.01-3.74, P=0.42) of rs8190315, and the genotype frequencies of rs2072392 (in dominant model, OR=1.94, 95% CI=1.01-3.74, P=0.42) were associated with increased prostate volume. We propose that rs8190315 and rs2072392 of BID may contrib-ute to the disease severity of BPH.