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The situation is such that there is a lack of research analyzing the effect of exercise therapy during the rehabilitation period of patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to analyze the effects of exercise therapy on the balance and gait of patients after THA. The studies selected for this study were based on the PICO as follows: P (Patient)-patients after THA, I (Intervention)-exercise therapy, C (Comparison)-control and other therapy groups, O (Outcome)-balance and gait. Additional criteria for this study were study design (randomized controlled study), language (English), publication status (journal), and the year of publication were not limited. Eleven studies were included. The effects of exercise thera-py on balance and gait in patients after THA were significantly different. Balance: standardized mean difference (SMD), 0.51; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.24–0.78; I2=22%. Gait: SMD, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.01–0.76; I2=66%. Rehabilitation specialists recommend that exercise therapy be included in rehabilitation programs to improve balance and gait in patients after THA. Further research is needed in the future, including more studies and a network meta-analysis that analyzes the effect size of each exer-cise therapy.

This study aimed to examine the effects of exercise interventions devel-oped over the past 10 years to prevent falls among older adults. Co-chrane, PubMed, and Embase databases were systematically searched on November 3, 2022, using the following keywords: “elderly” or “aged” and “fall prevention exercise” and “randomized controlled trial.” A total of 918 articles were retrieved, and finally, 18 studies were included in the meta-analysis. main conclusions were as follows: fall prevention exercises showed moderately positive effects on balance, gait, mobility, physical function, lower limb power, and strength, but low effects on proprioception, vision, and reaction speed. The effect sizes were high-est when the intervention period was 1–24 weeks, time was 31–60 min, and frequency was thrice per week. Place of intervention (home, com-munity, laboratory) and age (>75 years, <75 years) showed similarly moderate effect sizes. A combined program that includes balance, co-ordination, and resistance exercises is appropriate to improve fall-relat-ed fitness and fall efficacy in community-dwelling older individuals.

The purpose of this study was to review the various risks and benefits of wheelchair basketball (WB) and explore some of the research which outlines factors that influence WB player performance and condition-ing. WB offers several physical and psychological advantages. Physi-cally, it can improve muscle strength, endurance, and cardiovascular fitness while decreasing the prevalence of chronic physical disorders. From a psychological standpoint, WB has been shown to alleviate anxi-ety and feelings of depression while also creating and improving social relationships. Despite the many benefits, WB can cause injuries, partic-ularly in the upper extremities, and preventative measures should be employed. WB necessitates intense intermittent efforts and athletes must maintain excellent cardiovascular fitness, strength, and muscular endurance. Healthy sleeping patterns have also been shown to improve performance in WB players. Wheelchair mobility and biomechanical variables as well as wheelchair size and weight appear to be critical success elements in WB. WB can be a powerful tool for coaches and therapists to boost the physical and emotional health of individuals with disabilities and motivate them to participate in team-based sport.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) research has gained widespread use in various research domains due to its valuable insights into human body movements. In this study, we investigated the optimization of motion discrimination prediction by employing an artificial intelligence deep learning recurrent neural network (gated recurrent unit, GRU) on unique EEG data generated from specific movement types among EEG signals. The experiment involved participants categorized into five difficulty lev-els of postural control, targeting gymnasts in their twenties and college students majoring in physical education (n=10). Machine learning tech-niques were applied to extract brain-motor patterns from the collected EEG data, which consisted of 32 channels. The EEG data underwent spectrum analysis using fast Fourier transform conversion, and the GRU model network was utilized for machine learning on each EEG frequen-cy domain, thereby improving the performance index of the learning operation process. Through the development of the GRU network algo-rithm, the performance index achieved up to a 15.92% improvement com-pared to the accuracy of existing models, resulting in motion recognition accuracy ranging from a minimum of 94.67% to a maximum of 99.15% between actual and predicted values. These optimization outcomes are attributed to the enhanced accuracy and cost function of the GRU net-work algorithm’s hidden layers. By implementing motion identification optimization based on artificial intelligence machine learning results from EEG signals, this study contributes to the emerging field of exercise re-habilitation, presenting an innovative paradigm that reveals the inter-connectedness between the brain and the science of exercise.

The aim of this study is to determine whether concentric and eccentric isokinetic training performed at certain angular velocities in sedentary individuals is effective only in the angular velocities and contraction type where the training is performed, or at other angular velocities and contraction types that are not being trained. Twenty-eight sedentary in-dividuals (matched according to weight, age and gender) volunteered to participate in this case study. The study was conducted on a total of 56 extremities belonging to 28 individuals (14 women, 14 men) aged be-tween 24 and 60 years. Concentric and eccentric strength tests were performed at 30-60-90-120-150-180°/sec. The participants were random-ly divided into two groups as concentric training group and eccentric training group, through stratified randomization matching. The training was done 3 days a week for a total of 6 weeks. At the end of the study, no difference was found between the pre- and posttraining measure-ments in the concentric training group (P>0.05). In the eccentric training group, the eccentric muscle strength of the knee flexors and extensors at angular velocity of 90°/sec, the eccentric strength of the knee exten-sors at angular velocity of 120°/sec, and the eccentric muscle strength of the knee flexors at angular velocity of 180°/sec were found to be dif-ferent and an increase was seen after the training (P=0.032, P=0.049, P=0.041, P=0.032). These results demonstrate that eccentric training may be preferred in cases where muscle strength increase is needed in short time.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of lower-extremity strength-ening exercise (LSE) with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on the left thigh on golf performance. Eighteen amateur golfers with more than 1 year of golf experience participated in the study and were ran-domly divided into two groups: LSE+BFR group (LSE with BFR on the left thigh, n=9) and LSE group (LSE without BFR, n=9). The LSEs consisted of squats, lunges, and standing leg curls. All exercises were performed 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Changes in thigh muscle strength, plantar foot pressure (weight transfer), and golf performance, such as club head speed, ball speed, and carry distance were measured before and after the exercise program. Right knee extension (P<0.001) and left knee ex-tension and flexion (P<0.001) strength were higher in the LSE+BFR group than in the LSE group. The changes in plantar foot pressure confirmed that smooth weight transfer appeared in E1 (event 1) (address) (P<0.05) of the LSE+BFR group, which confirmed that the carry distance (P<0.05) of the LSE+BFR group improved after the exercise program. The results of this study showed that BFR muscle strengthening exercise are more effective than basic simple muscle strengthening exercise in improving golf performance through muscle strength and weight transfer improve-ment.