Earticle

The present study reviewed the literature to determine the trends in re-habilitation nursing intervention programs by systematically analyzing previous studies including rehabilitation nursing interventions, seeking insight to reconstruct future rehabilitation programs, and exploring re-search directions for future rehabilitation nursing intervention studies. About 94 intervention studies published from the inaugural issue of the Journal of the Korean Society of Rehabilitation Nursing to 2022 were analyzed. Among them, 33 studies were published between 2001 and 2005, followed by 25 studies between 2011 and 2015. All studies were authored by nurses. Concerning the types of rehabilitation nursing in-tervention programs, exercise interventions were more common than educational interventions. The exercise intervention programs im-proved performance in daily activities and decreased pain. The educa-tion intervention programs improved knowledge and increased the im-plementation of health behaviors. Based on these findings, we intend to ascertain the roles and functions of rehabilitation nurses in the mid-to-long-term and develop a specialized rehabilitation nurse system with expertise and science that meets the current trends of an increasing demand for rehabilitation nursing in various institutions such as rehabil-itation hospitals, homes, welfare rehabilitation centers, and long-term care facilities, taking the field of rehabilitation nursing to another level.

Endoscopic resection (ER) is an effective treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) without metastases. Existing endoscopic mucosal resec-tion (EMR) is easy to perform, has few complications, and can be ap-plied when the lesion size is small. However, en bloc and complete re-section rates vary depending on the size and severity of the lesion. EMR using the cap-mounted panendoscopic method and EMR after circum-ferential preamputation of the lesion are useful in the treatment of EGC. However, completely oversized lesions (≥2 cm) and lesions associated with ulcers or submucosal fibrosis are more likely to fail resection. En-doscopic submucosal dissection has been widely used to resect tu-mors larger than 2 cm in diameter and has a higher acceptable compli-cation rate and en bloc and complete resection rates than EMR. ER for EGC is superior to surgical resection in terms of improving patient quali-ty of life. Additionally, compared to surgery, emergency rooms have a lower rate of treatment-related complications, shorter hospital stays, and lower costs. Accordingly, the indications for ER are expanding in the field of therapeutic endoscopy. Long-term outcomes regarding re-currence are excellent in both absolute and extended criteria for ER in EGC. Close surveillance should be performed after ER to detect early metachronous gastric cancer and precancerous lesions that can be treated with ER. Follow-up gastroscopy and abdominopelvic computed tomography scans every 6 to 12 months are recommended for patients who undergo curative ER for EGC on absolute or extended criteria.

Regularly performed daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (PA) is recommended to promote physical and mental health in adolescents. However, sedentary behavior has been reported with ever-increasing demand for competition without clear understanding of the relationship between PA and mental health and academic performance. Therefore, this study observed the changes in the amount PA in 6 grade levels in relation to mental health and academic performance. This study ana-lyzed the amount of moderate and vigorous PA, sedentary time, mental health, and academic performance in male adolescents of 6 middle to high school grade levels by sedentary group (SG: 2 or less min/wk) and physical activity group (PG: 3 or more min/wk) groups depending on the days of weekly PA. The most weekly moderate and vigorous PA dura-tion significant reduced by 29.4% (*P<0.01) and -43.8% (*P<0.01) for H2 in comparison to M1 in SG. The greatest increase in sitting duration 744.95±470.27 min/wk (*P<0.01) was shown by SG. Significant increase in loneliness degree was shown throughout the grade levels of M3 to H3 (2.41±1.08 to 2.50±1.06, *P<0.01) in SG. Degree of stress also sig-nificantly increased from M3 to H3 (2.69±0.98, *P<0.01 to 2.90±0.96, *P<0.01) in SG. Finally, perceived academic performance by the days of PA did not show clear difference between SG and PG. In conclusion, regularly performed PA male adolescents showed greater duration of moderate and vigorous PA without negatively influencing mental health and academic performance. Moreover, well controlled academic per-formance and sitting duration were shown.

Prompt prescription and early initiation of exercise training are essen-tial for patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary interven-tion (PCI). We hypothesized that cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters determined the day after elective PCI during hospi-talization would not differ from those obtained 1–3 weeks post-PCI in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD). CPET was performed the day after and 1–3 weeks (13±4.6; 7–21 days) after PCI. CPET was performed with a bicycle ergometer up to the ventilatory aerobic thresh-old (VAT) on the day after PCI. Symptom-limited CPET was conducted 1–3 weeks after PCI. No complications arose from the tests. There were no significant differences in %VAT (next day: 88.6±16.7 vs. 1–3 weeks later: 91.4%±18.7%), the workload at the VAT (51.8±11.0 W vs. 52.9± 11.6 W), heart rate (HR) at the VAT (95.3±105 beats/min vs. 94.1±11.3 beats/min), or metabolic equivalent (METs) at the VAT (3.69±0.69 vs. 3.84±0.78) between the two sessions. The slope of linear regression for two repeated measurements was close to 1 (%VAT, 1.02; workload at the VAT, 0.95; METs at the VAT, 1.03), except for HR (0.70). Bland–Altman plots revealed the reproducibility of all four CPET measurements between the two sessions. In conclusion, CPET up to the VAT can be performed safely 1-day post-PCI in patients with stable CHD. CPET parameters do not significantly differ between testing performed the day after and 1–3 weeks after PCI. Next-day CPET during hospitalization after PCI may enable prompt exercise prescription without the need for another CPET 1–3 weeks later.

This study investigated the determination of exercise intensity for a rhythmik exercise program based on cardiopulmonary functions. Nine female participants in their 20s to 40s performed a rhythmik exercise program for 60 min per session, three sessions weekly, for 8 weeks. All participants underwent a grade exercise test to measure their minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), maximal volume of minute oxygen consumption (VO2max), heart rate (HR), and oxygen pulse (O2 pulse) at the time of anaerobic threshold (AT) and maximal exercise time (ETmax). To determine the exercise intensity of the rhythmik exercise program, the Polar Heart Monitor was used for quantification, and the Borg Scale was used to measure the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). We did not observe any significant effects on the reaching time of AT, VE, VO2, VO2max, HR, and O2 pulse at either AT or ETmax. However, maximal value of VE (VEmax) was significantly enhanced at ETmax. The exercise intensity of the rhythmik exercise program was found to be low at 62.85% of HR-max with an RPE of 12.22. Our results suggest that the rhythmik exercise program did not directly improve cardiopulmonary functions; however, considering the unstructured nature of the rhythmik exercise program, anticipated positive effects on cardiopulmonary fitness are achievable through changes in the program contents and exercise time according to the goals of the participants.

This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of combining whole-body vibration with dynamic squats on cardiovascular and salivary bio-marker responses in healthy adults. A randomized crossover design was conducted with 20 healthy adults. Each participant underwent three exercise sessions, with a 2-week washout period between each session. The sessions consisted of: (1) whole-body vibration (VB) at 25 Hz for 2 minutes, with an amplitude of 2 mm, and 2 minutes of rest between sets, for a total of 5 sets; (2) dynamic squats (SQ) performed 15 times within 2 minutes, with a 2-minute rest between sets, for a total of 5 sets; and (3) a combination of whole-body VB and SQ (VB+SQ). The cardiovascular variables and salivary biomarkers related to exer-cise intensity were assessed. Only the VB+SQ session significantly de-creased the unstimulated salivary flow rate, and caused greater chang-es in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, rate-pressure product, and heart rate variability compared to VB or SQ alone. Moreover, the VB+SQ session significantly increased the salivary total protein concentration from 0.56±0.05 mg/mL (baseline) to 0.74± 0.06 mg/mL (postexercise condition) and the salivary alpha-amylase ac-tivity from 33.83±5.56 U/mL (baseline) to 63.63±12.33 U/mL (postexercise condition) (P<0.05). These changes were recovered at 1-hr postexer-cise condition. Our findings provide information for designing exercise programs that incorporate VB+SQ to enhance hemodynamic and cardi-ac autonomic responses in healthy adults and for application during re-habilitation periods.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 12-week accelerated re-habilitation exercise program on isokinetic strength and dynamic bal-ance ability of thighs in 20 adult men who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) or posterior cruciate ligament recon-struction (PCLR) and to analyze intergroup differences in recovery pat-terns. In this study, we examined 10 patients who underwent ACLR and 10 who underwent PCLR. These patients participated in an accelerated rehabilitation exercise program 5 times weekly for 12 weeks. The par-ticipants’ isokinetic strength, muscular endurance, and dynamic balance ability of the femoral muscles were measured before and 12 weeks af-ter reconstruction surgery. Isokinetic knee muscle function showed no significant difference between the ACLR and PCLR groups at 60°/sec. Both the groups demonstrated significant increases in muscle strength between the flexors and extensors. However, a between-group differ-ence was noted in knee muscular endurance at 180°/sec, with ACLR patients showing significant differences between extensors and flex-ors, unlike PCLR patients. Assessment of the dynamic balance ability revealed that overall knee stability did not significantly differ between groups, and both the ACLR and PCLR groups exhibited improved dy-namic balance ability. However, significant differences were found in anteroposterior and left-right stabilities. Patients who underwent ACLR had significantly improved anteroposterior and left-right stability, wher-ever patients who underwent PCLR showed no significant difference. This accelerated rehabilitation exercise program improved the muscle strength and muscular endurance of patients who underwent ACLR and PCLR, suggesting its potential efficacy in recovering dynamic bal-ance ability, particularly after ACLR.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the reliability and validity of the body composition results for each impedance device and use them as primary data for body composition research. Total of 58 participants, including 24 men and 34 women, were recruited. The correlation was analyzed by measuring two repetitive measurements for each device. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) equipment was used as ref-erence equipment for body composition research. All data were ana-lyzed as IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 25.0, and the validity and reliability were estimated by calculating the timely correlation coefficient. As a result of the study, repeated measurements of the measuring instru-ment showed high reliability by gender and age, especially in the child age group, with relatively higher reliability than those in their 50s or old-er. In the validity analysis between DEXA, in the case of the male group, the validity of the fat mass amount was relatively higher than the body fat amount and body fat rate. In the case of the women’s group, the va-lidity of the body fat amount and body fat rate was relatively higher than that of the fat mass amount. The company B had the highest validity for body fat rate and body fat amount in both men and women. However, the validity for men’s fat mass amount was the lowest. In subsequent studies, it is believed that studies that have expanded the population further and studies targeting special groups such as athletes should be conducted.

Serotonin syndrome occurs when serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) levels increase and is accompanied by symptoms of mental status chang-es, neuromuscular abnormalities, and autonomic hyperactivity. Sero-tonin receptor 3 antagonists, such as palonosetron or ramosetron, are commonly used for their antiemetic effects during general anesthesia. However, overdosage of these drugs carries a risk of serotonergic tox-icity as they increase serum serotonin levels due to inhibition of sero-tonin reuptake. Serotonin syndrome caused by 5-HT3 antagonists is thought to be caused by the synergistic effects of high doses of seroto-nergic drugs or the combination of two or more serotonergic drugs with different mechanisms of action. The incidence of serotonin syndrome is unknown because it is a rare condition that cannot be selected for in randomized clinical trials. Therefore, physicians must focus on the clini-cal manifestations of the syndrome and manage patients before the condition becomes life-threatening.