Earticle

This study aims to investigate the languages used in linguistic landscapes in Jeju, Korea. It analyzes the frequency of using the various languages, the use of language by the type of business, the four part writing types(Homophonic, Mixed, Polyphonic, and Monophonic)1, and multilingual signs in linguistic landscapes in Jeju. Signs were collected in Chilseong-ro, Nuwemaru-gil, and Lee Jungseop-gil, the main urban streets in Jeju. According to the survey, English is mainly used in both monolingual and multilingual signs in the three areas. In the types of business, clothing uses English signs the most. In multilingual signs, Hangul and English are most often used together. There is a code preference between Hangul and English. When English is a dominant language, Hangul is less visible and mainly offers transliteration. When Korean is a dominant language, English mainly offers information. This study suggests that there is positive symbolism in English. The positive symbolism of English in Jeju has influenced on the change of linguistic landscapes.

本稿ではIT分野の基礎的な知識と能力を 測る『IT Passport試驗』の過去10年間の問題を対象に語彙分析を行い、次のような結 果を得た。一つ目として、品詞別の使用様相をみると、名詞が異なり語数84.82％、述べ 語数76.82％で一番高い使用率を示している。また、名詞は高頻度の上位50位までの語 の中で40語がIT専門用語であり、IT関連の語彙の中でもっとも重要な品詞であることが分 かった。二つ目は、な形容詞とい形容詞は各3％台、1％台でその使用率は高くなかっ た。しかし、な形容詞は20語を学習すれば、IT関連のな形容詞の79.80％、い形容詞は 10語を学習すれば76.23％が理解でき、これらの高頻度語の提示は学習効果を上げるの に役に立つと考えられる。三つ目は、動詞は他の品詞と違い、異なり語数より述べ語数の 使用率が高く、同じ動詞が繰り返して用いられていることが分かった。それに、上位20位ま での高頻度語を学習さえすれば、IT関連の動詞の79.50％が理解出来る。四つ目は、 語種別の使用様相をみると、まず、動詞とい形容詞は和語が用いられており、名詞は漢 語が50％以上、次いで外来語、アルファベット表記の語順に用いられている。一方、な 形容詞は漢語の使用率が80％以上で高かった。以上、考察したように、IT関連の語彙 は名詞が主に用いられる。よって、まず名詞を高頻度語の順に提示し、い形容詞とな形容 詞、動詞は上位20位までの高頻度語を提示して習得させれば、IT関連の語彙の学習効 果は上がると考えられる。

The findings of this article, there are seven prepositions in 『Laozi』 such as yu於, yi以, wei爲. dang當, yu與, zi自, ji及. And it has a very wide variety of meanings such as object, place, evidence, implement, time, passivity. Preposition ‘yi以’ is the most prevalent. The predicates used in the prepositional phrases of «Laozi» are most commonly used by transitive verbs. A verb that indicates an behavior is most appeared. Most of the sentence components used in the prepositional phrase are used as the complement. The object of the prepositions commonly means inanimate. It is consists of simple and complicated structures. It is omitted in sentences sometimes.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how important translator’s background knowledge is in the process of English-Korean translations. This study revealed that background knowledge had a great influence on the degree of understanding a source text and the way of changing the source text into a target text in terms of expressions. According to two-time questionnaire analyses, student translators recognized the importance of background knowledge in translation which allowed them to understand a source text better and make a translation more confidently. The results of the comparative analysis of translation errors and the questionnaire responses indicate the significance of background knowledge in the translation process.

We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy on vocabulary acquisition of semantic mapping versus memorization strategies. Three classes of 4th and 6th graders at Seoul D Elementary School were divided into semantic mapping strategy group, memorization strategy group and one control group and given three weekly experimental classes over ten weeks. We conducted vocabulary tests to evaluate changes in receptive and productive vocabulary abilities. The data was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and t-test of SPSS. Students were also given a questionnaire to study the effects of affective attitude. The results of the receptive and productive vocabulary tests showed more improvement in both test strategies over the control. Semantic mapping showed the most improvement of the three strategies. Semantic mapping strategy is particularly effective in improving long-term memory and productive vocabulary and upper level learners showed more improvement followed by middle level and lower level. Affective attitude showed the opposite order. This study suggests that the effectiveness of vocabulary learning strategy should be based on the level of learners and the learning situation.

The study analyzed the effect of type of learners' learning motivation on their achievement in learning English. The mediating effect of self-efficacy was analyzed as a factor influencing the academic achievement. In addition, the study analyzed the difference in the effects according to the gender, grade, and major of English learners. The results showed that all types of learning motivation, including external motivation, intrinsic motivation, ideal motivation, and inevitable motivation, had a positive influence on academic achievement. The mediating effect of self-efficacy was found to be completely mediating in the process of external motivation affecting academic achievement. In addition, self-efficacy was found to have a full mediating effect even when inevitable motivation affects academic achievement. As a result of analyzing the effect of interaction with learning motivation using three variables--gender, major, and grade--as learner’s characteristics, only gender interacted with learning motivation and affected their grades in English.

This paper focuses wishes to analyze the negative transition of language intervention that appears to Korean language learners to learn Chinese in terms of syntactic and lexical aspects. This paper is organized as Korea and Chinese writing students are often classified as committing an error phenomenon in vain due diligence and focuses on the usability of the different countries of the Chinese character and the similarity of Hanzhong vocabulary. Then through case analysis to systematize its failure trends. Also examine for errors in word order when used in word order, sentence vocabulary of Chinese character from the syntactic aspects. The same boa look at the overall trend of Chinese language usage errors due to interference by the central case study to present a more effective Chinese teaching them how to feedback, and laid the foundation of the new Chinese learning method.

Academic circles usually analyze Chinese concurrent sentences according to the control structure of English, and think that concurrent sentences also have an empty category. Firstly, this paper demonstrates that the scope of the tenor is a clause. On this basis, it holds that the absence of empty categories in concurrent sentences will not result in violation of the tenor, which is determined by the fact that English is a morphological language while Chinese is a less morphological language. We don't think that Chinese concurrent sentences need to set up empty PRO, which does not mean that we don't think there is a common feature in Chinese. But if we think that there is a PRO in Chinese concurrent sentences, we need to prove that there is a difference between infinitive and infinitive in Chinese first, because the premise of PRO in the control structure is infinitive clause.

The main purpose of this study is not to delve deeper into a specific topic but to understand the recent trend of language extinction and its conservation. For this, two questions are raised: What is language extinction? And why do we need language conservation? To this end, UNESCO's criteria for language disappearances are firstly examined and followed by Paul and Simons‘ (2016) criteria for language extinction. In terms of language conservation, the concept of linguistic sustainability is first reviewed and Jejueo is taken for the practical applications for it. For this, the linguistic status of Jejueo is examined language. Then we look over how to preserve Jejueo in terms of sustainable status. It is expected that the current study will make a big contribution to raising people's awareness of the disappearing language conservation.

The purpose of this study is to explore teachers' perceptions of absolute grading in the English section of Korea's College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT), focusing on its impact on students, classroom instruction, and private education. To achieve this purpose, a survey was conducted with 48 high school teachers along with semi-structured interviews with five of these teachers to supplement the survey data. The study found that the new grading system was perceived positively in the sense that absolute grading lessened students' burden of learning English. However, teachers responded negatively to its impact on overall students' motivation. Regarding classroom instruction, teachers believed that the switch to absolute grading did not affect the contents or styles of classroom instruction. Teachers thought that the cost of private tutoring was not reduced. Rather, they perceived the introduction of absolute grading as creating a balloon effect in the private tutoring of other subjects such as language arts and mathematics. The study's findings shed some light on the implications of this new policy and its ability to achieve its intended purpose of normalizing public education.