Earticle

The present study aims to prove that there are apology strategies in certain languages that cannot be found in other languages like in the case of Filipino and English. Some apology strategies in English may not be suitable to use in certain contexts or situations and neither do they share the same functions to the strategies in Filipino. Expressions like “Sorry na” in Filipino and “I’m sorry” in English do not share completely the same functions since the former is commonly used as a casual apology with near zero sincerity compared to the latter. Although they are used similarly, their communicative intention varies. “Pasensiya na” on the other hand, is used to show sincerity and ingenuity than that of “Sorry na.” Hence, this study aims to explore the pragmatic interpretation of Filipino and English apology strategies and emphasize their cultural implications in different contextual situations. Moreover, it aims to find similarities in the usage and function of each strategy, and to analyze the speech act of apology based on the principle of Relevance theory. Relevance Theory may shed some light to understanding the usage and function of these culture-bound apology strategies.

The purpose of this research is to examine what has been called Drama ‘SO’. This novel usage of SO has been continuously on the increase since 1980’s among young speakers of the English language. Huddleston & Pullum (2002: 807) note this construction as a relatively new usage, mostly spoken by young people in an informal speech. As has been examined by scholars like Potts (2005), Zwicky (2006, 2010), Bylinina (2011), and more importantly Irwin (2014) in conjunction with Yale Grammatical Diversity Project group, YGDP, this occurrence of SO is rather unusual in that the item appears to modify NP/DPs as well as VPs, although the usual usage of so, either as an intensifier or a degree adverb, normally modifies gradable adjectives (AP) or adverbs (AdvP). This paper, focusing on the distributions and the functions of Drama SO, attempts to simplify the derivational process of the existing analyses. In particular, it is argued that the interpretation and the distribution of SO demand a pragmatic situation for it to be properly construed. Irwin’s analysis is to be reinterpreted under the present analysis with a pragmatic feature [+Ɛ], a semantic-pragmatic feature that intensifies the signature property of the host constituent for a desired semantics. An apparent advantage of this analysis follows without employing null copies of adverbs like TOTALLY and MUCH/MANY in the DegP, as Irwin and others have done.

“Passive” not only appears in the predicate part of the sentence, but also combines with adnominal endings to modify nouns. The performance methods of “passive” in Korean language relatively complicated, and Chinese and Korean languages have different thinking mode, grammatical application and expression habits. Therefore, Chinese learners studying for Korean as a Foreign Language have a very big problem in the use of “passives in the adnominal clauses”. To solve this problem, this study comprehensively adopts the research methods of literature review and corpus analysis to analyze the six structural types between the passive adnominal clauses and the nouns they modify. In addition, this study investigated the mastery of this issue by Chinese learners studying for Korean through a questionnaire survey, and finally proposed teaching methods. Through this study, it will improve the research related to the passive in the Korean adnominal clause. On the other hand, it can provide systematic teaching contents for the teaching of this problem, and improve the Chinese Korean learners’ mastery of this problem.

Chaoxian Guan Yi Yu is a translation material compiled by the government in the Ming Dynasty to communicate with Chosun Dynasty. All the materials were used Chinese characters to mark the pronunciation of Chosun language at that time. It is an important document for the study of language pronunciations in Chosun dynasty. However, these Chinese characters have obvious characteristics of Jianghuai Mandarin, the Ming Dynasty established its capital in Nanjing and then the capital was moved to Beijing, but Jianghuai Mandarin occupied a dominant position for a considerable period of time. Therefore, in order to study the Korean pronunciation accurately, first we must determine the phonetic part of Chinese characters in Chaoxian Guan Yi Yu. This paper will research on the vocabularies of Chaoxian Guan Yi Yu. meanwhile it will mainly sort out and analyze the initial groups of "Bang", "Duan", "Jian", and Dental sound in the translation materials, so as to determine some initial systems in Chaoxian Guan Yi Yu.