Earticle

The main purpose of this study is to examine the extended pragmatic meaning of conditional expressions in Japanese. Assuming that the causal relation is the basic semantic meaning of conditional expressions, the present study is to provide some functional insights into the use of Japanese conditional expressions in terms of pragmatic inferences. In addition to the core meaning from a structural and semantic perspective, the interactional meanings play a pivotal role in the explanations of conditional expression in Japanese.

This research has been focused on misuse case based on current situation and problem of Chinese menu description and distribution of Chinese menu in Jeju island suggested as complaint to Chinese tourist. It also examined improvements plan of Chinese menu.

In 15~16 century, "Ajabi" means a father's brothers, a maternal uncle, and a father-in-law, and "Ajomi" means a brother's wife of father, a brother's wife, a mother-in-law, a father's sisters, a mother's sisters, a wife's sisters, and a wife of ones maternal uncle. And "Ajabi" changed to "Ajassi(아자씨)" in 19 century and "Ajeossi(아저씨)" in 20 century early. "Ajomi" changed to "Ajameoni(아자먼이)" in 19 century and "Ajumeoni(아주머니)" in 1938.

As scholars say, .negation. is a linguistic universal and deserves researching. English negation has been traditionally classified according to several criteria into four large groups, but also can be classified by several more criteria. And the characteristics of negative sentences can be best understood when compared with positive sentences. Accordingly, this study first classifies negative sentences and then distinguishes negative sentences from affirmative ones in terms of seven categories. In particular, English negation is hard to interpret when combined with quantifiers, because of the difficulty in determining the scope both of the negatives and the quantifiers. Consequently, the scope of negation with quantifiers is an interesting subject matter for many linguists.

This study attempts to provide an explanatory account of what makes the native English speakers choose between will and be going to, based on the results from the corpus, for the Korean learners of English as well as for English teachers of Korean English learners. From their different distribution depending on the situational context I will draw a conclusion that the choice between will and be going to is related to semantic factors such as remoteness and factuality to generate the concept of time, and formality between the speaker/writer and the event/audience, in the same line with Yule(1998) and Celce-Murcia and Larsen-Freeman(1999).

Where English is the medium of instruction, the use of English proficiency tests for admission to universities has increased. In accordance with that, there is mounting pressure on stake holders to evaluate which test is best for their needs. Therefore this study compares the two tests using Bachman and Palmer’s 1996 framework to investigate the usefulness of each test’s listening subsections. Bachman and Palmer (1996) devise six qualities- construct validity, reliability, authenticity, interactiveness, impact and practicality to measure the usefulness of a test. This paper finds that, while both tests have clear construct validity and high reliability, their authenticity, interactiveness, impact and practicality are questionable. Although the tests may be valid and reliable, this does not mean the tests are highly qualified to measure language abilities required in university contexts. Furthermore, the usefulness of these tests can not be measured by any individual quality- rather the six qualities should complement each other in some ways. The choice of test therefore, should be made carefully and university administrators should be sensitive about using each test score.