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Local councils in Korea and Japan are run by principle of mutual control in separated structure with executive organ. Under similar governing structure like this, reality and problems of local council and its secretariat are considerably similar. Among various environment around a local council, this study aims to focus on secretariat that substantially support the local council in order to compare & analyze systems in both countries in middle range level. And through comparative study, reformation of local council which has consistently attempted from past to present is contextually approached. First, Japan, different from Korea, has admitted local government laws like enact an ordinance for Punishment and penalty, and enact an autonomous right to tax by comparing legislation; Second, through comparison on composition, function, quota of organization, secretariat in Korea is twice larger than that in Japan, while personnel authority and organization advising council member have relatively independent specialists for policy support; Third, authority over secretariat officers of local council in both country are belong to local government head. Such differences are understood to be in interactional relationship regarding reformation development argued by local councils in both countries, and in contextual perspective, this can be connoted to difference in reformation by individualism and collectivism.

This research explores how organizational context factors such as structure, culture, and managerial leadership help shape the use and perceived impact of an information system(IS) on public employees’ task performance, which is defined as efficiency and productivity gains in conducting tasks. In addressing the research topic, this study especially focuses on a public information system, called On-nara Business Process System (OBPS) in South Korea to support back office innovations. A path model is designed with two endogenous and nine exogenous variables, in conjunction with time lag variable, to test the research hypotheses. The findings of this research particularly highlight leadership commitment and group culture as key enablers of IS impact for individual task performance in public agencies. Centralization and formalization also provides a solid foundation for senior managers to exert leadership to effectively implement IT-driven innovations. Organizational leaders need to take human-relations approach and encourage employees to utilize an IS in a flexible way, depending on their task types. Further research studies are needed to examine the validity of the key findings at diverse perspectives from managerial ranks and differing organizational cultures.

This article critically explores the meaning of creative linkages as social communication in the information society or network society. Using the concept of Manuel Castells’ identity typology - legitimizing identity, resistance identity, and project identity – it discusses events highlighting recent social discourses on communication in Korea in terms of the nature of network society. They include FIFA World Cup street cheering in 2002, the candle demonstration in 2008, and the handwritten poster protest in 2013. I argue that each event reflected the features of Castells’ three types respectively, and all of them were promoted by a medium or high level of creativity. Under the new economy in the network society, legitimizing or resistance identity may have limitations for effective communication with social actors, and project identity based on the individual unit are required as leading forces for creative linkages. This study provides suggestions and implications that public officials should seek public values related to people’s everyday needs under the current circumstances of complex governance. Moreover, civil society should also cultivate a culture of diversity based on the level of individual’s life world.

This study examines the effects of the NPM on the traditional bureaucratic personnel management and the flexibility of the bureaucracy pointed out by Gay et al(2005). For this purpose, this study was conducted by collecting 1,125 senior local government officials called local administrator to examin their tenure and turnover status and to extract their career patterns. In addition, we surveyed 231 local administrators and conducted in-depth interviews with 27 people to examine motivation, career path and job change. According to this study, the French bureaucracy faced big changes when the NPM was introduced and the personnel system based on "motivation", "punishment", "target recruitment". But, the change is not a fundamental one as it is claimed so often by pro-NPM theorits. The change is merely a hybridization or fusions. HR management of local administrators is convergent and it is evident at three levels. First, the local administrative organization considered as an organization with a vertical hierarchy is not so hierarchical in reality. Second, according to the autonomy principle of the local administration, which guarantees for mayors the right to choose or dismiss a local administrator according to his or her needs, the myth of employment stability, which has long been regarded as a privilege of public officials, is not observed. In addition, the subject of the decision of the local administrators was the elected civil servants and the local administrators themselves, rather than the basic laws of local governments. Third, the collective identity of local administrators as cooperatist is strengthened. In conclusion, this observation supports the arguments of the 'flexible bureaucracy' theory, which is one of the theoretical topologies of the post-NPM : bureaucracy is more flexible than it is assumed and adaptable to changes.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse public conflict around Busan International Film Festival through institutional frame analysis. The findings are as follows. Firstly, Busan International Film Festival has been successfully performed for 20 years, and BIFF-related actors could reach an agreement in terms of internal-situational conditions based on the attributes of the collaborative team affecting the structure of the action arena. Secondly, the internal governance and intervention style of mayor of Busan city aggravated conflicts and antagonism among the film-relators, so they boycotted 21st Busan International Film Festival. Thirdly, the frame conflict between Busan city and film-relators made disagreements and conflicts more deepened. Lastly, they succeeded in building the consensus through compromise and negotiation with authentic discourse, some mediation and litigation. So we realized that the revision of the dependent and untransparent game rules about Busan International Film Festival, and the introduction of the independent steering committee of Busan International Film Festival made possible consensus-building. Above all, conflict-related actors could have reached the consensus because they all deeply shared the interest and performance of BIFF. We suggest that compromise and negotiation based on authentic discourse be needed in public conflict resolution, comparing arbitration and litigation asking for long time and much transaction cost.

The purpose of this study investigate the effect of local public servant’s public conflict situation recognition on their job stress by applying situational theory, one of public relations and communication science focusing on the location conflict of power plant in Samcheok City, Kangwon Province. The results of this study are as follows. First, it shows that the effect of three situational variables(problem recognition, constraint recognition, involvement recognition) on job stress is a obvious difference in accordance with the high or low group of situation recognition about public conflict. Second, it shows that the effect of situation variables about public conflict on job stress is a clear difference between the three variables, that is, problem recognition, involvement recognition appears to be high in the order of constraint recognition. The study is meaningful as it not only helps to expand theoretical discussion about public conflict of local community from public relations and communication studies but also casts practical implication in selecting a method for successful management of public conflict and designing public servant’s job stress coping strategies in local governments experiencing public conflict.

Many previous research proposed that social media contents of Korean government agencies must be recognized as a national record and preserved. In order to solve this problem, this study analyzed cases in the United States from a comparative point of view, with an interest in the tasks necessary for institutionalizing the recording policy of social media and the introduction of methodology for maintenance and management. As a basis of comparison, this study adopted the issue of record concept, governance, record keeping method. Based on three criteria, we analyzed cases in the United States and derived the following three suggestions. First, it is necessary to extend the concept of record. It should be stored and managed, including content created on government social media in electronic documents. For this reason, it is necessary to revise related laws and regulations. Secondly, from the viewpoint of records management governance, the role of the National Archives of Korea important. At first NAK should recognize the necessity of handling national contents on government social media, social media records to central government and local government agencies and agencies. It is necessary to organize the practical committee for handling concerning government social media records as national records. Thirdly, relating to the method of maintaining and preserving records of social media, it is necessary to utilize the developed information technology to ensure the possibility of integrity approach and store and manage it.

The special case institution for metropolitan cities is based on A Special Act on Decentralization and Reform of the Administrative System in Korea, the legal purpose of this institution is to realize local autonomy and local development, ultimately enhance city competitiveness and the quality of life of the people. In this context, this study aims to analyze activities and results of PCLAD focusing on the finding process of special case affairs in the 1st phase of PCLAD comprised immediately after the inauguration of the Park Geun-Hye Government, and draws problems and improvement of the special case institution for metropolitan cities shown in the process. PCLAD has selected the finding standards of the special case for metropolitan cities, that is, common standard and standard by city size, and has finally confirmed the 122 special cases for metropolitan cities through a series of procedure. To secure effectiveness in reality and establish as a governmental system, a variety of downstream conditions, for example, precise verification on the finding standards, ensuring the relationship with public administration, ensuring consistency of affairs transactions, establishing a clear structure of resource allocation between central government and local government, clarification of the concept definition of metropolitan cities, etc., will be met.

This paper aims at reviewing developmental possibility of voluntary social welfare centers in China through analyzing the developmental process and problems of the Shanghai Lequn Social Work Service that is the first voluntary and professional social service center in China. For the purpose, social welfare reforms of Fudongxinqiu, developmental process and the programs of the Lequn social work service, and its problems. The results are as follows; First, Fudongxinqiu as a frontier of Chinese social welfare reforms has tried professionalization and socialization of social welfare since open policy. Its positive will was a important background of the Lequn Social Work Service. Second, the leading actors were the vice general manger of the Fudongxinqiu’s Social Work Association, Miss Riuxiaofang and the director of the Social Development Bureau, Dr. Maili. However, the real one was the Social Development Bureau which administratively and financially supported the Lequn Social Work Service. Third, the growth of the Lequn Social Work Service totally depended on the government’s support. The major part of its finance is the government’s fund given for managing public programs. Fourth, its financial over-dependence on the government and lack of autonomy make its voluntary characteristics ambiguous. Fifth, its prospects are not positive. Because it is very hard to overcome dependence on government. However, if it can find the way for financial independence, then it will become real voluntary social welfare center.

The purpose of this study is Livelihood Protection System and National Basic Livelihood Security System a Welfare Regime Theory of Krasner’s to look at the change process. According to the analysis of the change process, the Welfare Regime National Basic Livelihood Security System policy at the point issue and deriving improvement measure the government actually in office Implications present. Analysis a result rule, procedure etc the low level regime variable nat only that principle, norm etc high level regime variable evolution showing changes. Ultimately Public assistance system Welfare Regime lacks organization general, distributed Welfare Regime the other side National Basic Livelihood Security System specialized, Integrated Welfare Regime of form showing. The National Basic Livelihood Security System Welfare Regime housing aid levels of optimization, realization of the conditions of beneficiary etc a substantial improvement require of the incumbent government realistic Public aid policy expected.

The purpose of this study was to investigate Health-related quality of life(HRQoL) for airline flight of crew. The variables for the study included life style, self-efficacy, fatigue for HRQoL. The data were collected from 253 employees of the airline flight of crew who gave their informed consent and completed a self-reported questionnaire in April, 2016. A path analysis model was established and used to assess parameters such as life style, self-efficacy, fatigue for HRQoL. The fitness of the hypothetical model was adequate(CMIN/ DF=3.833, GFI=0.996, NFI=0.982, CFI=0.993, IFI=0.990, RMR=0.011). Analysis of the hypothetical model demonstrated that the direct effects of health habit and stress management were significantly correlated with self efficacy. The explanation power of the hypothetical model was 10.6%. The factors that influenced on the health-related quality of life were fatigue, self-efficacy and the explanation power was 15.8%. The results of this study indicate that it is necessary to develop health promotion program to enhance self-efficacy and to decrease fatigue for health-related quality of life.

Up until now, both public and private sectors have tended to overlook organizational members’ support in the induction of the performance-based pay system. Starting with the awareness of that matter, first, this study intends to discover explanatory variables to determine organizational members’ support for the performance-based pay system. Second, it will examine the structure of the concept, employees’ support for the performance-based pay system. This author attempts to analyze it because the performance-based pay system seems to be supported considerably but faces organizational members’ fierce resistance at the step of actual operation. This is because the concept of a dependent variable, ‘employees’ support for the performance-based pay system’, is, in fact, characterized by a multilayered structure of concept. Third, after drawing latent factors about the support of the performance-based pay system mentioned above, this researcher will take them as dependent variables and examine how well it is explained by independent variables mentioned above.

This study examines whether the size and the ratio of non-distributable expense decreases as time passes by in various department of Korean government from 2010-2014. To achieve the research goal, this study analyzes the trends of non-distributable expenses of more than 56 departments by employing panel dataset. According to the literature, if the size of non-distributable cost decreases, cost allocation of government improves. By examining total program cost, operating cost, and non-distributable cost(expense) of government departments, the regression results show that both the size and the ratio of non-distributable expenses decreases as year passes by during the study period. Thus, the results suggest that cost allocation of government departments are improving during study period. The results of findings in this study provides method on how to test whether government departments are improving cost allocation.

The use of drone is expanding globally. Unmanned aerial vehicles are used in various fields and are used not only for the creation of new industries but also for public interest purposes such as criminal investigation and disaster response. Along with such a forward function, concern about security such as intrusion or crash of important facilities in the country and the possibility of invasion of privacy by aerial shooting is a problem. While the drone market and industry are rapidly growing globally, It will also cause to trend of deregulation the domestic drone market. In order to develop the drone industry, promotion policies must be promoted and regulations should be relaxed. However, regulations that can prevent dysfunction using drone are also done at the same time. Important regulatory issues concerning drone are securing safety and protecting privacy. Currently, in domestic drone policy, regulations for securing safety are in place, but the system for privacy protection needs to be supplemented. As newly established Article 23-4 of the Aeronautics Act, it was included in the subject of application of the Personal Information Protection Law and Location Information Use Law to pilots, but this provision is merely provision of declaration. Besides that, it is necessary to prepare a complementary method to prevent access to the property of another person and to restrict the photograph shooting and use by referring to the foreign legislation cases.

Social enterprise is a new economic entity that is attracting attention from the OECD as a subject that can harmonize the private endeavors for solving various social problems and public policy will. It has attracted attention as an alternative to job creation in the period of growth without employment by combining local resources in particular. Most of the culture and arts’ fields are good quality when supplied to the market, but the market is formed at a high price, which means that citizens' accessibility is low. Because the culture and arts’ fields have the characteristics of value or competition, the consumption is first reduced when the income is reduced. Therefore, consumers' price sensitivity to culture and arts is very high. Workers in the cultural field are surveyed to be working in extremely poor conditions and conditions, except for some. Social enterprises in culture and arts’ fields can be said to be small organizations with relatively poor financial status and employment status compared to social enterprises in other fields. In general, they are recognized as an alternative to overcome difficulties in monitoring and employing workers It is necessary to form a national consensus on the role of social enterprise as a subject to strengthen the weak cultural arts base of Korea. From this point of view, this study examines the necessity and the status of social enterprises in the field of culture and arts, and suggests alternatives mainly in terms of strengthening roles and developing strategies.

This research aims at developing an assessment tool to improve efficiency of practice education on core fundamental nursing techniques for nursing students. Research process is composed of the process of developing a preliminary tool, that of testing validity of it, and that of confirming it as the final tool. First, assessment tools used in nursing schools were collected, and the contents of them were analyzed. Related literature was examined. And, consulting professors in nursing schools and clinical practitioners, the assessment items for core fundamental nursing techniques and the reserve item list were made. Then, the validity and reliability of them were tested by the group of seven professionals and 10 clinical practitioners. The items were revised following their suggestions, and the final version of the assessment tool was determined. The tool to assess core fundamental nursing techniques uses 3-point scale., and in the choice of core fundamental nursing techniques, 2-point scale is used. If concrete criteria are suggested to deal with gaps in scores, the scores can not only be objectified, but computerized. And, it will be possible for students to assess themselves. I wish that subsequent researches will be made in this area.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of local governments on the use of social media, rather than information culture in the form of information utilization level, It is a case of twitter to show how the establishment of the basis of participatory mechanisms for establishing an environment for deliberation by strengthening communication and strengthening ties with members and linking them to support for policy making or enforcement And to analyze the relationship between social media such as twitter and other organizations on the institutional and organizational structure necessary for establishing desirable information culture governance. Based on this, based on the case of twitter operation, which is a horizontal channel to induce the smooth communication and participation of members and users, the influence, reliability, interest and participation level of the use and management of twitter are institutionalized and organized.