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Soon-Eun KimThe purpose of this study is to analyze various forms of urban public service reform and frameworks of regulations attached to the reform. Since the 1990s Korea as well as Japan succeeded in reforming delivery vehicles for urban public services, including executive agencies, competitive tendering, contracting out, designated manager and private finance initiative, etc. It was also found that different frameworks of regulations were coined not only in laws and by-laws in order to maintain public nature of urban public services even though their delivery systems were reformed. This study shows that Japan has been more successful in reforming urban public services in terms of quantity and quality of reform. While Japan has adopted a variety of ways and means for producing urban public services such as executive agencies, public-private competitive tendering, contacting-out, designated manager and private finance initiative, Korea had not depended on public-private competitive tendering and designated manager. The number of executive agencies at the local level in Korea is only three whereas that of executive agencies at the local level in Japan is more than 100. In addition, the breadth of regulation attached to means of reform measures in Japan is wider and deeper than that of Korea. In particular, regulation of information opening and democratic control are strongly emphasized in Japan in comparison with Korea.

This article analyzed service delivery innovation of Centrelink in Australia counted as the important case of public service reform in an era of welfare governance which lays weight on efficiency and productivity rather than an institutional form thereby suggesting theoretical and practical implications of it's analytic review. The analytic focus of this article was an innovative institutional design aiming at the improvement of service delivery in Centrelink. This case shows the implication for debating welfare governance a little different from the traditional governance model. However it is more important that it is reconstructing the state-centered governance model as a welfare governance returning to the traditional model from the non-traditional governance model. Thus There is need to strengthen understanding of governance through the use of the governance analysis tool such as hierarchical governance.

This study was conducted in order to investigate the relationships between different factors affecting happiness of adolescents, which is crucial to enhancing happiness of adolescents in OECD 20 countries, and to put forward policy implications whereby each country may raise the level of its happiness of adolescents. HBSC score was selected as an indicator representing the happiness of adolescents of OECD 20 countries, and this included a number of independent variables, such as per capita GDP, total public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP, and total per capita public expenditure on education (US dollars), affecting happiness of adolescents. We employed the structural equation modeling approach to analyze the complex causal relationships among the factors affecting happiness of adolescents. The research results show that the significant factors affecting happiness of adolescents are: total expenditure on education by private source as a percentage of GDP, educational decentralization, pupil–teacher ratio, and that the most influential factor affecting happiness of adolescents directly is total expenditure on education by private source as a percentage of GDP.

Generally, when innovation systems are researched on a national level, many authors have focused on their structures and institutions. However, in order to understand the dynamics of innovation systems we also need look into the functional aspects of the innovation systems. This paper explores the failures of ICT industry in Malaysia through the functional analysis of innovation system. Many countries has pursued the active ways for the development of the ICT industry establishing the innovation policies and accomplishing the reform of innovation systems because of the importance of ICT and innovation. Malaysia has also performed a large-scale reform of systems and policy-making. In spite of this national endeavors, Malaysia showed large difference in innovation performance comparing that of Singapore, Korea and Japan. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the causes of the functional system problems attributing the failure of Malaysian ICT industry to the functional problems of innovation system.

After the collapse of communism, Russia has reformed health care, pensions and social assistance systems. While the reforms of pensions and social assistance systems were stagnated by the Soviet privileges’ resistance, the health care reforms were well proceeded without troubles. The health care reforms focused on the administration systems. The main changes are as follows; First is administrative decentralization. It was changed from the centralization system which central government controlled all aspects of health care system to the decentralization system that central government plans and guides health care system and the local health insurance funds manage the health insurances. Second is the mixed system of financing. The governmental financing system was substituted by the mixed financing system which governments (budgets), enterprises(pay-roll taxes) and citizens(cost sharing) contribute together. Third is the third-party payment system. The socialist system which government directly gave budgets to the public hospitals was transformed to the insurance system which the third-party insurer gathers the contributions of governments and enterprises, and pays medical treatment fees to hospitals. These changes mean the rigid state monopoly system was changed to the mixed system which government and civilians co-share the responsibility of health care system. Under liberal society, it was a inevitable transformation.

As the movement of performance evaluation prevails in governments and public sector, the more outside evaluators such as professors, accountants and consultants have been involved in the evaluation process. In this respect, we have much doubts whether the evaluators have the evaluation ethics. With these research questions in mind, we aim to review and compare the ethical principles and evaluation standards of USA, UK, France, Canada and Australia. This article shows that evaluation ethics have been adopted to improve the quality and the usefulness of evaluation and the establishment movement led by the evaluation communities of each countries have reflected the professionalization of evaluation. We found evaluation ethics have some limitations, of which the compliance of ethical principles and evaluation standards are most important. In this regard, we propose some recommendations such as improvement of the sensitivity of evaluation ethics, establishment and execution of ethical principle and evaluation standards, institutionalization and enforcement of the ethical program, and professionalization of evaluation. We expect this article would trigger the researches on the evaluation ethics.

The change in the urban spaces requires the adjustment of administrative district. It Should be adjusted based on the basic principles and standards of administrative areas. However, there is no clear principles and apparent criteria for adjusting 'Dong' administrative District, which is the lowest Administrative unit of city government. The purpose of this study is to explore the criteria and suitable size of 'Dong' through population survey. The survey was conducted in April 2014. The results of population survey is as follows. First, more than 80% of citizen visit the 'Dong' community center at least once a month. 'Dong' community center is the first contact point between the citizen and the public administration. Second, it is recognized as an adjustment to the basis of population size and neighbourhood community. third, the respondents of survey recognizes not great inconvenience caused by the adjustment of administrative district. It was set past the administrative district according to the administrative convenience. The administrative district should be adjusted as the environment changes in the city. District adjustment will be made according to the population size and the neighbourhood community has provided a public service to increase the administrative efficiency and residents convenience.

This study assessed the factors affecting why the poor households social welfare services in a municipal area by analyzing some data from the 2010 Seoul Welfare Panel Survey Data. As a result, in Seoul, there was a marked contrast between the north Han River and south Han River areas in using the welfare services. In particular, it was found that there are more public assistances in social welfare services in the south Han River area than in the north. In addition, disability, age, education level, health status, income, employment status, marital status showed a statistical significance. The effect factors are as follow : first, the Seoul metropolitan government needs improvements in its policies for welfare services to narrow the gap between areas. Second, the social services for poor households should be more accessible. Finally, the policies for care and support for the elderly in the households should be improved.

The purpose of this study was to examine the prioritizing of the public health center in importances for jobs. A survey was conducted on 11 experts. When the relative importance of the jobs was investigated by utilizing the AHP method of the public health center, which respectively belonged to the current condition(1 jobs) the manage sector(4 jobs), the performance sector(3 jobs) and the organization capacity sector(3 jobs). As for the relative importance of the public health center jobs of the different sectors, the performance sector(0.488) was considered most important, followed by the manage sector (0.218), the organization capacity sector(0.187) and the other sector(0.108). In terms of the importance of the performance sector, there were student oral health education programs among their awareness of the importance of the programs that belonged to this sector. Oral health education programs were considered most important, followed by oral health prevention programs, and prevention programs, and therapeutic support programs were considered least important. They placed a little less importance on the organization capacity sector, but they attached a lot of importance to strengthen management of human resources programs that belonged to the organization sector. These results suggest that the specialized oral health program development and implementation keeping up with the regional situation.

This paper is an expanded work for the advanced study 'Theoretical Review of Needs for the Development of Teaching and Learning Program of Intercultural Education Utilizing Digital Image Media and Game Contents’ published in the journal Korean Society for Computer Game. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the needs for the development of teaching and learning program of intercultural education utilizing digital image media by analyzing the survey targeting 325 undergraduates. The digital image media are regarded as one of the most efficient communication media which can satisfy optical desires of humankind and realize multilateral and sympathetic interchanges using other sense organs. In this context the digital image media are expected to be a very efficient tool of intercultural teaching and learning program. Compared to the class depending on only written text, the class using the digital image media can arouse much more learner’s interest, improve a lot more concentration on learning contents, get even more learning motivation, provide still wider indirect experience for learners.

The paradigm of the global economy is evolving from the industry-oriented economic system of the past to knowledge economy and creative economy. This study examines the case of Japan pursuing policies to realize a value creation economy and to deduce implications for Korea. The contents of creative economies were introduced and the reason for the voicing of value creation economy focusing on Japan and the background for creative economy and creative city were examined. In the creative economy contents of the Japanese industry, changes of Japan’s industrial policies were introduced, and as part of the new industry policy the following were examined. First, finding potential domestic demand and acquiring global markets through value creation. Second, value creation through various human resource capital. Third, science technology and human resource policies to realize creative economies. Afterwards, the concept of creative cities and the creative city cases of Kanazawa and Tsuchiura cities were introduced. In each case of pursuing creative economies, first, the system for pursuing creative economy by local governments, second, the direction for pursuing creative economy by companies, third, work-life mix, fourth, NPO through public regeneration/creation, and fifth, system for pursuing creative communities were examined.