Earticle

This article studies the change of the function and role of government and various actors based on historical institutionalism and actor-centered institutionalism in the new institutionalism. In contrast to the historical institutionalism, the actor-centered institutionalism focuses the change of institutions by the actors like government, enterprises, and the civil organizations, in order to adjust to changing circumstances in the era of Globalization. This article focused on the two theories shows that in Germany the various actors including social enterprise endeavor adapt to the changing circumstances in society, while the government transfers it’s role from the steering to the regulation of the society. But the Korean government remains in the role of steering while the actors in the Korean society still depend on the government. Therefore the development of the Korean social enterprise delays, although the government and actors make an effort. In this article, the authors try to make a proposal that the government must transfer it’s role from the steering to the regulation in order to promote social enterprise.

Since the 1978, China has begun to develop a large-scale new areas in order to promote national economy. Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago New Area, which has obvious advantages in location, resources and industry, etc., is the only city-transformed district in China, a forerunner of Zhejiang Province and an important growth pole of Yangtze River delta in marine economy development. Setting up of this district is an important step of China in adopting the marine power strategy. Marine powers refer to the nations that have strong comprehensive strength in marine development, utilization, protection and management. This paper explores the innovative mode of setting up Zhoushan Archipelago New Area to promote the development of marine economy, speed up the openness of Zhoushan Archipelago New Area, construct the international logistics hubs, establish marine-related industry system, establish free trade zone, and construct marine science and technology base, and build a comprehensive marine development and experiment zone. This papre provides the policy implications to the Korean government. Korean government should have a good understanding of China’s strategy for marine economic zone.

This study begins with a question that national quality and status should be on the parallel tract in addition to increasing national wealth in order to drive balanced development and overcome the limitations of off-balanced distorted development. To obtain this goal of the study, this study, first of all, establishes a comparative analytical framework based upon a comprehensive review on the concept of national competitiveness and its issues. Next this study presents six cases on balanced or distorted development of foreign countries representing each great powers, middle but strong country, small but strong country. Also this study will examine a possible new course of Korean style in terms of development strategies and public reforms. To suggest on the development strategies, this study especially uses a metaphor on the economic Pie with which those are classified as: 'Grow, devide, and trim the Pie.' For public reforms, this study pays attention to a spreading of the capability and performance of the Korean public administration toward both inside and outside of the country. We have to pursue a balanced development between state wealth, state quality, and state dignity on the assumption that genuine development we are aiming for is communitarianism in the end. Also we must pay attention to such key words of public reform as principle, performance, and communication in order to strengthen government's capacity in managing national competitiveness. It is because that it is hard to overcome the persistent conflict structure and propose renovative policy issues without reenacting the myth of state capacity in the past.

This study is to present supplements to transfer the Saemaul Undong(SMU) to the Viet Nam by analyzing rural development policy of the Viet Nam. The 1st New Rural Development(NRD) Movement(2010~2013) of Viet Nam is the main subject to research in this study. Administrative system and decision making structure in Viet Nam are also main analytical subjects. This study try to present the most efficient ways to transfer the SMU policy into Viet Nam by analyzing both of the success factors of SMU and the characteristics of Viet Nam rural development policy. This study tries to apply the success factors into the 19 criteria of NRD policy in Viet Nam. The results of this study suggest to find the way of the voluntarily participation of farmers, setting village as a project unit and combination of top-down and bottom-up approach to be an effective community development. Adoption of competition system will increase the efficiency of rural development policy of Viet Nam. This study recommended to move unit of project from district level to commune level to induce the substantiality and competitiveness.

This paper aims to suggest the policy direction for interdisciplinary convergence research top-down grants. For this purpose, this study conducted a questionnaire survey targeting all researchers and graduate students on enrollment DB of National Research Foundation of Korea within the framework of national current issues and sustainable development, researcher unit size and research supporting period, research fund, and research project evaluation. The main findings of the study are as follows: the enlargement of humanities & social science-based interdisciplinary convergence research grants contributing to the establishment of system solving national current issues such as socioeconomic bipolarization and inequality & lowbirth and aging problems; the priority support of research projects contributing to sustainable development such as those focusing on the securement of future fundamental converging technology, the enhancement of growth potentiality & low-carbon green growth; the reinforcement of research support on medium and large size research projects through medium and long term; the composition of appraisal board including the appropriate experts and the experienced of interdisciplinary convergence research; the emphasis on the evaluation of research conducting capacity of research team and the construction of optimal evaluation stage obtaining procedural rationality.

This study analyzes the distribution of local governments’ GRDP in Gyeonggi-Province and Chungcheongnam-do. By applying Gini coefficient and variance component analysis method, this study tries to explore the characteristics of the changing GRDP levels, the underlying mechanism of the GRDP distribution, as well as the policy implication of the findings. Results clearly indicate that the inequality of GRDP distribution has been increased in Chungcheongnam-do compared to Gyeonggi-Province. In local governments in Chungcheongnam-do, suffering from stagnation in population, there seems to be a positive correlation between resource augmentation and population increasement. Thus, it could be observed that the rich get richer there. Also, it turns out that the local endogenous factors have much influenced on the GRDP distribution than have the regional and national exogenous factors. That highlights, in turn, the importance of policy engagement and/or policy initiative by local governments to improve their GRDP levels. Future research should also center their analytical focus on selecting more detailed local endogenous factors with a view towards identifying their explanatory value and measuring the magnitude of their impacts on GRDP levels.

This study was to examine a predictive model that could explain and predict the successful aging for retired teachers. The variables for the study includes ability, participation learning, social relation network, successful aging. The self-administered structured questionnaire was used with a sample 316 persons of retires teachers and the data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS program. The overall fitness of the hypothesis model to the data was good(=65.50, p<0.001, GFI=.954, CFI=.817, IFI=.827, AGFI=.901, RESEA=.082, SRNR=.023). Based on the constructed model, ability was found to have a significant direct effect on successful aging of retired teachers. Participation learning was the most influential factor and played an important role as a mediating variable. In addition, factors such as ability, participation learning, social relation network revealed direct effect and total effect on successful aging of retired teachers and the explanation power was 53.2%. Through these results, in order to improve the successful aging, it is necessary to develop the ability intervention program for the personnel. It is also indispensable to enhance the social relation network, participation learning.

This research tries to draw the tourism governance cause of formation for the tourism governance construction successful of the mega event attracting attention with the alternative tourism contributing to the sustainable tourism development through the qualitative including the Panels of Experts of the related literature review of the tourism sphere and mega event people concerned, and the quantitative access method. The factor, needed based on this result in the mega event tourism governance construction afterward preferentially, the understanding about the factor to consider is enhanced. The desirable direction tries to be presented in the mega event tourism governance construction. The first research results and tourism governance cause of formation derivation 41 factor of the mega event stakeholder group was drawn and the Importance-Performance Analysis showed the difference which is important the comparative analysis result with the second among the tourism governance cause of formation of the mega event stakeholder group. It is seen that this result acts as the important factor in the tourism governance formation.

Regardless of diverse efforts on fiscal decentralization since the launch of the autonomous local government system, capital bases of municipalities are still weak and the outlook is uncertain. In particular, municipalities’ accumulative debt has spiked as a result of a large scale local government bond issuing while overcoming the economic crisis in 2009 and thus, their financial deficit resulted from growth of expenditure and tax reduction is aggravating difficulties in local governments’ financial security. As a result, there is a widespread feeling that domestic municipalities can experience financial crises. Therefore, it is a time to discuss about possible central government’s measures between related experts. For this reason, this paper analyzed financial soundness and condition of Busan Metropolitan City and then suggested imposition of fiscal rules as a measure of strengthening financial soundness through efficient execution of scarce resource. The establishment of fiscal rule is expected to have a positive effect on local public finance by building a new budgetary routine and norms. The imposition of practical fiscal rules will have a major impact on local governments ’ financial management. Hence, a prudence and systematic approach is required in the long- term along with collecting broad opinions. It is important to remember that the effectiveness of fiscal rule will depend on stakeholders: a local government, a local council and local residents. Continuous cooperation and effort will be required among the stakeholders based on the political agreement on fiscal rules.

The regulatory body must be structured in such a way as to ensure that it is capable of discharging its responsibilities and carrying out its functions independently, effectively and efficiently. One of the most important attributes of a regulatory body is its independence from interference in its regulatory functions. This idea has been developed in a number of IAEA documents and in relevant international conventions. The requirements are reviewed in this paper relate to the organization of the regulatory body: its structure, allocation of resources, coordination with other governmental authorities, management system, staffing, and relationship with advisory bodies under the IAEA laws. This paper is also analyzed general requirements for performing the functions of the regulatory body to preserve the consistency and stability of operations and constructive liaison with authorized parties, comparing the IAEA laws and Korean laws of nuclear safety. As a result, key point was derived. That is the regulatory body shall perform its functions in a manner that does not compromise its effective independence. And legal policy of supplementation is proposed in this article.

This study is based on the coorientation model, which claims that the effects of social services can be maximized when the discrepancies between users’ and providers’ perspectives are fully understood in the process of reflecting social service users’ subjective outcome ratings in social service policy as performance information. Based on the model, this study examines if there are discrepancies between social service users’ and providers’ perspectives on the subjective outcomes of social services; the study includes a comparison analysis on factors that influence the subjective service outcomes as perceived by users and providers. The results indicate discrepancies between service users and service providers at the level of evaluating the subjective service outcomes. Similarly, a high degree of discrepancies was also demonstrated in the influence of attribute-level satisfaction on overall satisfaction. Such differences between users’ and providers’ perspectives on subjective service outcomes should be understood so that they can be efficiently reflected in policy-making, and systematic evaluation should be conducted with a focus on performance management rather than achievement assessment.

This study looks into how self-efficacy of social workers that has been conducting the social welfare service would affect quality of service. The study, in the end, discusses the intervening effects of job satisfaction in relation to how self-efficacy, one of the individual characteristics, would influence service quality, and eventually, it aims to propose political and practical directions in the development of service quality. According to the findings, self-efficacy of the social workers has an influence on both the job satisfaction and the quality of service. In addition, the job satisfaction of the social workers has an effect on the service quality, and in terms of the job satisfaction as an intervening variable, it has a significant influence on the quality of service. In the light of what has been discussed so far, the self-efficacy of the social workers who provide service is considered a truly significant factor to improve the quality of service, and because of that, the study suggests that various political interventions as well as these practical attempts such as sacrifice of the welfare agency and social workers should be carried out in order to enhance the self-efficacy of the social workers and the job satisfaction as the intervening variable.

This research was performed to examine the levels of health promotion behavior of mothers for their infants and toddlers and of parenting burnout of those mothers, and the relationship between health promotion behavior and parenting burnout. The research objects of this research were 106 mothers who were rearing infants and toddlers from 1 month old to 36 months old, and visited a medical center for children and adolescents located in Chungbuk province. Data for this study was collected from February 1, 2014 to March 30, 2014. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the elements affecting parenting burnout. Correlation analysis between health promotion behavior and parenting burnout revealed that there is significant and negative relationship between the two variables. When a mother rears her child, emotion- and health-related information provided by her neighbors gives emotional support and psychological stability, leading her to do health promoting behavior properly. Based on the findings of the analysis, this research suggests that it is necessary to develop health promotion programs for infants and toddlers, and to find ways to reduce parenting burnout.

The study is concerned with policy implementation and alternative policy options of big data which has characteristics such as volume, velocity, and variability. Nowadays, what is so called, the issue of big data is ubiquitous in recent years, such as openness public data, solving alternatives of social problems using big data, etc. Especially, the role and issue of government will be focused on the application of big data. It is evident that scientific policy implementation and citizens’ administrative convenience should be improved by way of using big data technology in government. Unfortunately, there is no rule out that the gathering and analysis of unreliable big data will cause the error or noise of the policy. In order to reduce the error or noise of the big data related policy, it is necessary to have the expert or specialized person of big data more than anything else. There is no doubt that the number of experts of big data are equal to the regional competitive power in the near future. Notwithstanding, the infrastructure of Information Technology is inferior to the national capital regions; accordingly, the regional governments have to dependent on the central government in terms of the structure in system establishment, analysis, application of big data. This kind of disparity will cause the regional inequality in the era of big data. Therefore, the regional government should foster and support the IT or big data experts with the relation of the regional universities.

This study has analysis the affecting childbirth intention of married women in double income households through a path analysis using sociodemographic factor, economic resource factor, working factor and work-family balance assistance service by independent variables as well as using own values of children and neighbors preference of two more children by parameter. Based on this analyzed result, the search for a helpful plan in improving childbirth intention of married women in double income households has been attempted. The result shown through this study is summarized as follows. First, the results of the analysis concerning to the number of intention childbirth possibility are shown that age and marriage age in sociodemographic factors, company scale(public official) and employment type(regular) in relevant factors of job and work, the couple's share of nurture and parenting support(parents or relatives etc.) in work-family balance assistance service, neighbors preference of two more children and own values of children in factors of value have a positive and significant influence on childbirth intention.

Public conflicts in decentralized and fragmented societies causes detrimental consequences such as the waste of a variety of resources. On the other hand, they are the positive and essential component that induces an effective solution through disclosing the problem of resource waste. This study aims at producing a plan for managing and preventing public conflicts through the analysis about the power cable construction project of 345KV Sejong branch and 765KV New Kori, Gyeongsangnam-do. This paper takes key analytical steps to build a plan for managing and preventing public conflicts. The step includes (1)the conflict coordination mechanism(citizen participation, deliberation, adjustment and arbitration), (2)laying down the rules for managing conflict(laws and institutionalization of procedures), (3)involvement of the third neutral organization (public-private activity), and (4)increasing the awareness of the conflict management(conflict management mind, conflict management organization, education, human resource cultivation). The analysis in this study emphasizes the followings: (1)the early establishment of conflict management and mediation measures, (2)the early enactment of laws for conflict management, (3)the establishment of a neutral national conflict management agency, (4)the cultivation of neutral third organization such as conflict mediator, and (5)the strengthening of public institutions' conflict management capacity.