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This paper aims to apply the national innovation system(NIS) perspective to developing countries. Although the NIS perspective has been influential not only in academic research but also in government policy-making, it has not been very successful in identifying innovation systems of developing countries, since the concept was thought only appropriate for evaluating those of developed countries. In this research, the difficulties of applying the NIS perspective to developing countries and the possibility of an alternative framework are discussed. A comparative study for identifying NSIs of developing countries follows. To reveal the contrasting characteristics for identifying national innovation systems, different levels of NIS formation in five countries – Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam – in the Greater Mekong Subregion are presented by comparing with that of Malaysia. This work may be found useful in carrying out international development aid in the area of science and technology policy.

The Tussle between Kwak Ro-Hyun and Park, Myoung-Ki, two candidates in the election for superintendent of the year 2010 in Seoul, is analyzed by how two different logics of appropriateness control the interactive disintegration of social construction. The analysis is based on data that exist with paradoxes, such as news from mainstream media; broadcasting editorials and articles about and interviews with Kwak and Park by main press outlets; a letter Park wrote while in prison; and numerous précis shown on the Internet with various sensemaking phenomena that constantly form, change, and break down. The results of this analysis indicate that it would be worthwhile to further pursue the role of micro-macro linkages in institutional dynamics by examining how organizational dynamics interact in institutional processes. On a larger scale, the sensemaking systems are homogeneous, while on a smaller scale, they are heterogeneous. The arguments between Kwak and Park are extreme examples of this. In terms of their presentations of internal desires, formed from their past socialization processes, the two candidates appear identical.

This paper attempts to identify sets of main factors affecting success of the operation of social enterprises being run at local level, using FSQCA, and to discuss the possibility that the research findings from QCA method could be applied to policy-making practices regarding social enterprise. The author employs FSQCA method, which was introduced to move beyond the qualitative and quantitative gap, to combine their strengths and to reduce the problems of either approach, to analyse the key elements associated with successful operation of social enterprises. Using FSQCA method, this paper constructed truth tables containing different kinds of configurations based upon the values of the dependent variable, per capita turnout. The research findings show that a set of variables explaining the successful operation of social enterprises has been derived. It is found that the causal condition for successful operation of social enterprise is that when social enterprise is located in city, when it runs service industry, when local government is strongly interested in supporting social enterprises within its jurisdiction, when the level of socially disadvantaged employees working for it is low, and finally when the population of the jurisdiction in which social enterprise is run is big.

China tries to concentrate on scientific development by raising scientific budget macroscopically. This study investigated the actual Chinese scientific condition and proposed the policy prospect. First, the study showed the policy paradigm change, basic scientific policy, selection, change and legislation of scientific technology policy. There were described the related legislation, major 5 year economic planning, scientific technology policy, and the application of the 12th 5 year scientific technology policy. Second, the analysis of the scientific technology budget system and administration structure in China revealed the scientific organization, scientific program, evaluation system, investment principle, investment mechanism and management system. There were scientific technology administration and research development in detail. Third, the present study analyzed the private R&D investment condition and policy for the invitation of private capital for the scientific renovation. The suggestion revealed the activation of private R&D investment, objective survey, analysis, and evaluation reinforcement, open technology cooperation between Korea and China, scientific technology functioning system establishment, management improvement, long-term R&D investment, and scientific technology governance establishment.

Korea and Germany had pursued similar unclear policies until the accident so Fukushima and Chernobyl. However Chernobyl accident made German civil societies raise questions upon the nuclear policies and the misfortune in Fukushima played a catalyst that brought changes in the process of decision making of unclear policies. Unlike Germany, the nuclear policies of South Korea have kept moving on the same old track, which invariably comes to cause social conflict. This study intends to propose the necessity of a methodological alternative incase the social conflict continues. Based on hermeneutics and methodology, this study analyzed the differences of Korea and Germany in the decision-making process of nuclear policies from political, economic, social, environmental and renewable energy-related perspective. The findings of the comparative study reveals that although South Korea understood, had interest in and went through the process of reflection on the policies from social and environmental perspective, respectively, it didn’t do from political, economical, and renewable energy-related perspective. On the other hand, Germany showed insufficient reflection in economic dimension, but well-considered reflection and communication in other dimensions. It was also found that the appropriate consideration of Germany led to social and environmental consensus in energy policy making. Even German people actively invested particularly in renewable energy sector.

This is a narrative correlation study to assess the relationships among communication competence, empowerment and organizational commitment of nurses in a general hospital. Data for this study were collected through a survey in which 117 nurses working for a general hospital in Chungbuk area responded to the self-administered questionnaire on communication competence, empowerment and organizational commitment. Our survey was conducted from Jul. 10 to Aug. 1, 2011 and descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis were conducted. The research outcomes can be summarized as follows; First, communication competence and empowerment had positive correlation(r=.281, p<0.01) and statistically meaningful relations while communication competence and organizational commitment showed a positive correlation of significance(r=.326, p<0.01). Second, the multiple regression analysis confirmed that communication competence had influence on empowerment(R2=.15, F=10.096, p<.001), communication competence on organizational commitment(R2=.173, F=11.732, p<.001), and empowerment on organizational commitment(R2=.238, F=17.468, p<.001). It seems that the enhancement of communication competence raise organizational commitment so that productivity of nurses and organizational effectiveness can be increased. It is required to have constant strategies enhancing communication competency and empowerment which bring about efficiency of nursing works by influencing on organizational commitment.

This research identifies what factors have impacts on strengthening the absorptive capacity, and intends to find out the methods contributing to the qualitative growth and continuous innovation of local government through organizational management. In order to empirically investigate the critical success factors leading organizational absorptive capacity, a literature review on absorptive capacity is conducted. Top management attitude, knowledge strategy, educational training, information technology, organizational characteristic and culture are selected as antecedents leading to absorptive capacity. A model is developed and empirically tested through the data collected from a questionnaire survey which is delivered to public servants and public corporation staffs in I-metropolitan city, Korea. The results show that organizational characteristic and culture, top management attitude, and knowledge strategy have a positive impact on absorptive capacity, while educational training and information technology are revealed to have no significant influence.

While government was undergoing the social transformation of economic growth, population increase, it has also generated the increased number of people who may require certain assistance to adjust to such changes. Local governments now have greater control over how much they spend and which welfare policy alternatives the spend it on. In recent years, role-sharing between central and local government and it's impact on social welfare has started to be discussed and become one of crucial issues in Korea. As a result, local governments now have greater control over how much they spend and which welfare policy alternatives the spend it on. This study aims to empirical analysis that how to change social welfare expense expenditure under local environments influence. This study analyzed the relevant data for 9 years from 2000 through 2008, and a Pooled Regression analysis was carried out using SPSS 12.0 Statistics program for the analysis method. The study targeted 14 cities and county in Jeollabuk-Do. As for the variables used in the analysis, political, financial, and welfare-demand variables were injected as independent variables. Social welfare budget per capita were used for dependent variable. Research findings suggest ① Local government have to manage for effective cope with of recipients of national basic livelihood protection, number of welfare facilities, population decrease, ② Efficiency of finance investment and strengthening of the local tax capacity, ③ The proper roles share between the central government and local government ④ Take effective measures to declining population.

The essence of the Saemaul Undong is to live well. From the countries of Africa to other developing countries of the world are trying to learn the Saemaul Undong for their own country’s development. Recently, Saemaul Undong is being re-evaluated at domestic and abroad, and being a development model to the developing countries and receiving a renewed attention for national advancement. Therefore Korea has urgent tasks to systemize Saemaul Undong as the birthplace of the Saemaul Undong and develop related theory at administrative level and academic level as well. At the same time, Saemaul leaders have to be well trained for consistent development of Saemaul Undong. In this context, this study sought the curriculum of Saemaul study being able to systemize the Saemaul Undong, develop academic field and train Saemaul leaders. It can consist of 40 subjects, mainly composed of 4 parts such as fundamental research field, well fare and service field, theory and practice field, coordination and evaluation field, and application field. The study on the curriculum of Saemaul study should be considered followings. First, establish the theory and academic system of Saemaul study. Second, Saemaul study must be a course of education which combines field-training and theory as a practical study. Third, Saemaul study must be a course of education to foster Saemaul leaders which combines both practice and theory. Fourth, Saemaul study must be a course of education which has a capability to construct network of Saemaul interagency. Fifth, study must be a course of education which has the capability to be a leader in knowledge and information society.

The purpose of this study is to understand how social welfare workers’ attitude towards aging affects their psychological well-being. To do so, this study reviews and presents a processing model of the workers’ attitude towards aging, retirement, coping, emotional stability and psychological well-being. A total of 234 social welfare workers participated in this study. Research data were collected through structured survey questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS and AMOS programs. Overall suitability of the hypothetical model was favorable at χ2=13.972, p=.235, GFI=.987, CFI=.998, NFI=.990, AGFI=.957, RESEA=.032, RNR=.006. According to the results of this study, The workers’ attitude towards aging and emotional stability was proven to be significant factors on their psychological well-being and the explanatory power of the model was 31.7%. In addition, it was proven that the workers’ attitude towards aging affected coping and emotional stability and thus direct effect and total effect were proven to be significant. The explanatory power was 23.2% and 10.7% respectively. Based on the results of this study, it is indicated that we need to try to find ways to heighten emotional stability and coping strategies of the workers to raise up psychological well-being of the social welfare workers.

The current number of children from international marriage in Korea is 30,040, up 21.4% from 2009. From that number, 78.6% are in elementary school, 16.0% in middle school, and 5.4% in high school. As most of the children go to elementary school, their actual condition needs to be examined. By conducting interviews with multicultural family children according to their nationality and school grade, this study collected various opinions regarding problems of instrument lessons and proposes possible causes and solutions of those issues. The effect of instrument lessons on personality education can be analyzed by interviews and surveys to see how much the children have changed. In addition, research on problems in instrument lessons can lead to an alternative policy. This study is meant to compare sociality, identity, and life adaptations of multicultural family children who participate in multicultural children's orchestra with those who do not by conducting a survey, and to review if the study result can be generalized by referring to overseas examples. The result of this survey found that the positive personality change of multicultural orchestra participants was beyond imagination.