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Public employee unionization has been a core agenda in Korean social concertation since the military-backed Roh Tae Woo government. The 1998 Social Pacts made an agreement to organize public employee unions in the Kim Dae Jung government. This study pays attention to the historical context of social concertation systems that played an important role in organizing public employee unions in Korea. This study suggests that path dependency in the social concertation systems is a key variable for explaining public employee unionization in Korea. In particular, path dependencies in human resource composition and agenda setting elaborated and deepen the discussion about the issues related to public employee unionization. Social concertation systems(the LLRC, the LMRRC, and the KTC) showed a strong path dependency in the composition of human resources although each government had its own political characteristics. About 67 percent of the LLRC members joined the LMRRC as regular members and 40 percent of the LMRRC members participated in the KTC. The similarities of human resource composition in the social concertation systems are positively associated with path dependency in agenda setting. The path dependency in agenda setting was outstandingly showed in the issue of public employee unions. A permission level of labor basic rights for rank-and-file civil servants has been quite similar from a draft bill of the LLRC to the public employee unions act of the KTC. Without the experiences of the LLRC and the LMRRC, it was impossible for the KTC to make the public employee unionization in 1998.

Ever since 1980s, the speed of the economic growth in the western part of China has been lower than the average level in China. Take its economic development and comprehensive ability into consideration, it is lagging far behind the eastern part of China. while China enjoys its high economic growth rate, it has to solve the dilemma of keeping economy growing or balancing the regional disparity. Hence the China government has proposed the 'Western Development policy' to facilitate the slow-growing economy in west China. Western Development Policy is on of the major strategies in China's Modernization Construction Process and an imperative move in realizing the National Coordinated Social and Economic Development. The minority nationalities are an important body of interest in the process of developing west China, whose interests are embodied in their direct material interests, sustainable ecological survival interests and self-development capacity. The main ways of obtaining these interests include: the development projects for the minorities are the basic ways, the adjustment of the economic development such as the replacement of resources and the subsidiary interests is a main approach.

This paper attempts to explore the potential factors affecting success and failure of social enterprises operating in Korea, to specify their characteristics, and to estimate their optimal growth rate using policy simulation method. In theory, a number of determinants influencing successful performance and activities of social enterprise have been discussed and studied in an empirical ways as well. However, little attention has been paid to analyzing core factors affecting the success of social enterprise in a systematic and objective way. Under this background, this study focuses on identifying the main factors associated with the successful activities of social enterprises in Korea and puts forward their optimal growth rate.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the promoting process of local agenda 21 in Denmark, and to draw some implications to the process of Korea compared with Denmark. As for this, it divided initiating process before 2000 and promoting process after 2000, and analyzed the process focused on the legal and participatory mechanism at the level of central government and local government. In Denmark, central government, local governments, local parliaments, and business parts as well as civil society organizations such as Denmark 92 group were the major actors in the promoting process. As a result, Denmark showed a little bit integrated approaches to the local agenda including economy, society, and environment. On the other hand, in Korea, as the silo of local agenda 21 process were left only to Ministry of Environment, the focus of civil society based process are mainly on the environment field.

In analyzing the background and features of the US direct election system of the superintendent, this study is intended to present the implications of the US system for the Korean system. This study covers the following: firstly, the background of the US superintendent election system, the progressive era reforms from the late 19th century to the early 20th, and the characteristics of education reforms after 1980s; secondly, concrete contents and cases of the US non-partisan election, which is quite similar to the South Korean system, and the US running-mate system, which is recently considered as an alternative; thirdly, the implications of the US system for the Korean system. This study concludes with the recommendation that like the US current system that the authority of state governors has strengthened in order to enhance consistency and accountability of educational policies, the South Korean superintendent election system should be changed based on educational autonomy’s value and orientation.

This paper analyzed the change of East Asian family policy, which focuses work-family reconciliation policies in Japan and Taiwan. For the 1990s, fertility crisis in Japan and Taiwan have pushed the state to expand the family policy and governments have played active roles in providing childcare services and promoting work-family reconciliation. The findings are summarized as the followings. Childcare services are not sufficient to lessen of women's childcare burden. And parental leave is not gender-neutral. Women’s labor force participation rate and gender wage differentials still largely exist. East Asian countries expanded its narrow and traditional view toward care within the family policy to include the difference between the labor market and women. And there has been considerable expansion in the work-family reconciliation policies. However the traditional gender contract of the male-bread winner family model is still remained.

Recently Europe focuses on youth entrepreneurship as an alternative means of income creation among the young employment initiatives to solve the increasing youth unemployment. Youth entrepreneurship under the 21st century innovative knowledge-based society is requisite components of sustainably growing economy through creativity and innovation of young people. European countries, UK, France, Germany, Finland and Sweden as analytical objects in this article are all developed welfare states which have overcome their young unemployment by ALMP, concentrated on youth entrepreneurship available to increase employment opportunities, and drives varied programmes related to it on the national and local dimension recently. Korea has also provided institutionally supports on taxation and administration in order to promote youth entrepreneurship, an alternative to solving the lack of new jobs for young people, but there are a few theoretical discourses concretely on what the youth entrepreneurship should be and how the methodologies are used. In addition, it tends to respectively replicate just the case of policy success in a certain country without considering that the youth entrepreneurship is embedded on social, cultural context of a nation in spite that it might be more effective to draw an implication on the ground of an analysis of the varied similar policy cases. For these matters this article aims to conduct comparative analyzing for the youth entrepreneurship of five countries in Europe based on theoretical review, and to draw comprehensively lessons for Korean youth entrepreneurship policy from the European prior experiences.

This article is a study of transformational leadership and local development in self-governing community through storytelling which is focused on the inviting of new atomic power plant. First, Inviting of new atomic power plant is considering on the safety of atomic power plant. Many people think on the safety of atomic power plant after Fukusima atomic power plant accident in March 11, 2011. Second, Inviting of new atomic power plant is focused on the local economy for local development. Inviting of new atomic power plant must supply many job creation in Samcheok area, and contribute to the local economy. Third, The voices of anti-group of inviting of new atomic power plant contribute to the safety of new atomic power plant in Samcheok. Fourth, Many people think to focus on the medical field and food area of nuclear in 21th century. Fifth, There is not alternative in exception of nuclear energy in national and local development. And then. we must focus on the how to develop the safety in atomic power plant.

The performance management system of municipal and provincial offices of education have been operated since 2006. This study examined the operation and adoption of performance management systems of municipal and provincial offices of education by surveying the performance managers of 16 municipal and provincial offices of education. For the operation of performance management systems, the types of systems, the performance management support organizations, the use of performance management evaluation results, and the weights and components of performance indicators were examined. For the adoption of performance management systems, its effect on organizational change, use of performance indicators, and satisfaction with the use of performance management systems were analyzed through a survey. In results of the analysis, all 16 municipal and provincial offices of education were using BSC and the components of performance management were very limited. The satisfaction with the operation of performance management system was very low and the participation rate was also low. Based on these findings, this study suggested legal systems for the operation of performance management systems, expansion of components of performance management, efficient use of performance management systems, and professionalism of performance managers.

Many arguments have been continued on which political system model is better for South Korea. However, most studies on this topic have been done in the viewpoint of the American presidentialism, without any study on a basic question whether or not the American presidential system is fit or not to the South Korean case which has many different cultural backgrounds from the American case. The South Korean presidential system has revealed some problems and will continue to raise them. Especially there seem to be a serious dilemma between democratic control of government and effective government and it seems to be not so easy to make a harmony of them in the Korean case. Then, could the parliamentary system be an alternative to the presidential system, now in South Korea? This study has tried to solve this question, analyzing the British style of parliamentary system, especially focusing on why the cabinet system is successful in Britain. Here the word successful means the accord of democratic control and effective government in a country, as reviewed in theory. This study has considered various causal factors for this success, such as political system, electoral system, political party system, and other political cultural backgrounds. And this study has compared these factors to those of South Korea and tried to find any similarity or difference between them. This comparative study on the causal factors could say that there are more similarities between the South Korean case and the British than between the South Korean and the American. Therefore, the British style of parliamentary system could be more successful in South Korea than the American presidential system.

After enactment of 'special act on the local administration system reform' at 2010, presidential committee on local administration announced the standard and procedural about the voluntary consolidation of basic level local government. They are focusing on the following aspects. First, Their want to reform the local government system in accordance with environmental changes and modern developments. Second, In order to make residents convenient, the administrative districts want to be concurrent with the living zones of the inhabitants. Third, The reform of local governments want to increase the effectiveness and viability of local administration. Forth, The reform of the local administrative system want to increase the efficiency of public administration and the quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the controversial issues for the consolidation of administrative district and to suggest alternatives for expanding administrative efficiency through the Jeonju city-Wanju Gun consolidation. In order to analyze the controversial issues of the Jeonju city-Wanju Gun consolidation, this paper will be studied through key phases of external factors, actors, negotiation and trust, political interests, incentives. This paper suggest alternatives as follows: Problem-solving consolidation plans, in the process of integrating(promote voluntary consolidation of basic level local government, conventional cooperation between local government be encouraged etc.), conflict resolution measures consideration, the role of coordinator of top government

Each of the countries is showing keen interest in senior employment programs in order to utilize the idle manpower of the aged and also enhance the life quality of the aged. Thereupon, this study examines the chief cases of advanced nations through comparative analysis with Korea’s senior employment programs being presently implemented and suggests the methods to enhance the effectiveness from the aspects of subjects, contents, transmission systems, and finance. First, since the criteria of the aged are defined differently in 「The Act on Employment Promotion for the Aged」 and 「The Act on Welfare for the Aged」, the senior employment programs are being operated under the different criteria by the subjects of supply. Second, considering the fact that the chief reason why the aged in Korea are now intending to get a job is for financial needs, it is necessary to selectㆍsupport the types of jobs for the senior employment which are profitable financially and also develop the types of jobs for the senior employment appropriate for the current situations that the aged are now in. Third, in order to prevent the inefficiency for the duplicated transmission resulted from the diversification in the subjects of supply, it is needed to integrate the transmission system of the senior employment programs and also organize the local community support council.