Earticle

The demand for better conflict management system in public sectors in Korea had grown since early 2000s and culminated in the 2007 enactment of an Executive Order 19886 on Public Dispute Prevention and Resolution. With increasing interests in legislating a new basic Act on public dispute in Korea, rigorous and empirical evaluation of the Executive Order 19886 is necessary. Considering the effectiveness of the Executive Order 19886 in terms of conflict management hinges on two variables: 1) appropriate institutional design, and 2) compliance of government officials and other stakeholders, this article suggests that the institutional design of the Executive Order 19886 might be flawed and might affect the low compliance level of the government officials. This article conducts conceptual analysis on the institutional designs of the three main pillars of the Executive Order 19886: conflict impact assessment, conflict management advisory council and ad-hoc conflict resolution committee. Then, this article provides recommendations for institutional revision of a new Executive Order or a basic Act that may contribute to setting up experimental practices for future empirical studies in an effort to find the best institutional design for conflict management system in Korea.

This study attempts to examine social investment policies in the U.K. focusing on the aging population. In Korea, the incumbent administration implements welfare policies as a continuation of Rho, Mu-hyeon administration’s social investment policies – an aspect that is considered as well. The existing studies on social investment policies focally dealt with future generation such as young people and or their education/job activation programs. However, this study intends to consider 'Aging' as a social risk as well, and it reviewes the social investment policies for older people based on the case of U.K. First, this study explains the historical and theoretical background of social investment policies. Secondly, reviews are made to understand social issues related to aging population among new social risks. As a main part, social investment policies sought by the New Labor Party are analyzed from three aspects: pension, employment, and care policies for older people. In short, this study stress that issues related to older people can be approached through a social investment perspective. The welfare system of U.K as liberalism should pursue the harmony between central leftists' goals and market-friendly tools, so the structural gap was a determining factor about the policy success. Korea society needs to consider such actual problems, going beyond ideological conflicts.

The medical environment has been changed rapidly due to the advancement of science and medical technology, the increased demand of medical consumers, the strengthened evaluation of medical institutes, the opening of medical market, etc.. One of the most essential strategies for strengthening the competitiveness of medical institutes is to utilize human resources of an organization as competitive resource. This study aimed to identify the relationship between the servant leadership of nurse managers and the positive thinking and organizational commitment of nurses. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS 19.0 Program. The servant leadership of nurse managers had a statistically significant difference depending on employment type, age and education level. The servant leadership of nurse managers and the positive thinking of nurses were found to have an impact on organizational commitment. Servant leadership and positive thinking are an important factor to increase organizational commitment; therefore, it is required to develop and apply strategies that can enhance the education program and positive thinking of nurses for the servant leadership of nurse managers.

This study investigates how Daegu, Osaka and Kaohsiung residents perceive the usefulness of local politics and what factors are associated with this perception by using survey data. The usefulness of local politics means residents’ recognition about the relationship between local politics and their daily life. The research result shows that the perceived usefulness of Osaka and Kauhsiung residents is higher than that of Daegu residents. And the local election factor has the greatest impact on the perceived usefulness of local politics. Among the sub-factors of local elections, the interest in local elections and internal election efficacy have a strong influence. But the influence of the local council factor is not significant or smaller than that of a local election factor. In other words, residents’ internal factors have a more powerful influence than the extrinsic factors on the perceived usefulness of local politics. These results suggest that it is necessary to do the behavioral study of residents as well as to make an effort for improvement of local political system.

Since the enactment of GPRA of 1993 in the U.S., performance measurement initiative has been a symbol of government innovation among many nations around the world. Then, how much do public employees accept the initiative as their effective management tool? Which factors do affect public employees’ degree of acceptance? Ultimately, this study tries to find a clue within the big research question which is the nature of performance management or evaluation in the public sector: is it a technical gimmick or political strategy of effective management for the public sector? This study is a comparative study of performance-based pay for school teachers between South Kore and China. It conducts a self-administered questionnaire research to ask how much teachers accept the policy as an effective management policy in South Kore and China. Utilizing a regression analysis, this study tries to find factors affecting the degree of acceptance. Independent variables are individual factors, policy factors, environmental factors, and socio-cultural factors. As the result of the statistical analysis, it is observed that the policy and socio-cultural factors strongly affect the degree of acceptance in both countries. The policy factors consist of relevance of evaluation indicators, evaluation process, support policy(e.g. education and technical support), and incentives. In particular, the socio-cultural factors is observed as the crucial factor affecting the degree of acceptance which means an important aspect of performance management & evaluation in the public sector could be a political strategy for effective and democratic government management. Further theoretical and policy implication are discussed.

Since the socialist regime was established in China, the cultural heritage has become the object of protection, and while in a time of turmoil the cultural heritage has become the object of breaking. However, with the changes in the domestic and international environment after the reform and opening up, the new patriotism emerged in recognition of the cultural heritage including the cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage of the change occurred. This paper analyzes how the new patriotism impacts the cultural heritage policy in terms of the concept of cultural heritage policy, the management system of cultural heritage, and the implementation of cultural heritage policy, and the results are as follows. First, due to the impact of patriotism, the cultural heritage has be come a key means to enhance the stability of the socialist regime and legitimacy of the Communist Party. Second, due to the influence of patriotism, the scope of the cultural relics has been expanded, and the intangible cultural heritage protection and management system have been established. Third, 356 patriotism education demonstration bases have been selected over four times since 1997, and actively develop initiatives to foster patriotism by utilizing a variety of intangible cultural heritage of each region.

This paper attempts to discover configurations of inter-related variables affecting a dependent variable, sustainability of social enterprises, using QCA (Qualitative Comparative Analysis) method. Although there have been many studies on social enterprises both in Korea and abroad, most of them have been carried out by using interview or questionnaire, resulting in that different combinations of independent variables affecting sustainability of social enterprises have rarely been identified. In order to tackle such problem, this study employes QCA method and puts forward more practical measures to strengthen sustainability of social enterprises. The research results show that four kinds of configurations explaining sustainability of social enterprises in Korea have been found out, providing academics and practitioners with significant policy-related and theoretical implications as well.

This study is focusing on analyzing for institutional environments of welfare organizations to influence organizational performances under theory of institutionalism, and furthermore conforming moderate effects of leadership in relationship between institutional environment and organizational performances. Target groups in my research design are in long term care facilities which is changing actively these days, so unit of analysis is a organization in which care workers are working than a person. I have three major hypotheses. First, organizational isomorphism derived from institutional environments will influence organizational performance. Second, leadership will directly influence organizational performance significantly. Third, leadership will work a moderator in relationship between institutional environment and organizational performances. According to my analysis I found some major points. First I tested hypothesis that institutional environment influence organizational performances positively and it is significant statistically. Especially normative isomorphism’s effect is bigger than others. Second I also pointed out the fact that leaderships influence organizational performances positively and these are significant statistically. Especially both transformational leadership and transactional leadership are more important than institutional leadership. Finally I found moderate effect of leadership with relationship between institutional environments and organizational performances under strong characteristics of variables relatively, especially the moderator as relationship between strong transactional leadership and strong normative isomorphism.

The liabilities of local public enterprise is continuously increasing while the debt of local government is also increasing. Although local public enterprises are off-budget entity and thus located outside the direct control of local government, they are being heavily utilized by local government to pursue local government fiscal activities, resulting in an increase of total local public enterprise liability. This study empirically tests such possibility by employing a panel dataset. The results of this study are as following. First, an increase in the debt of local government leads to an increase in the liability of local development corporation and total liabilities of local public enterprises. Second, an increase in the reliance of intergovernmental revenue (dependent revenue) results in an increase in the liabilities of local development corporation, other local public enterprises, and total local public enterprise. Third, an increase in the population density leads to an increase in the liability of local development corporation, other local public enterprises, and total local public enterprises. Finally, taking over power by opposition party lowers the liability of other local public enterprises. However, reelection of incumbent chief executive officer leads to a reduction in the liability of local development corporation and total local public enterprises. Nonetheless, it increases the liability of other local public enterprises.

Self Evaluation System for Fiscal Program was adopted in 2004. In Korea, it has two steps; first step is by line ministries and second step is by Ministry of Strategy and finance. The former is called as self evaluation, while the latter is meta evaluation. So far, many researches were made to analyze the meaning of the final results. But the importance is needed to focus on the political meaning of the relationship between the line ministries and the MoSF, reflecting the top down decision making. In this line, this article was attempted to analyze the relationship between the self evaluation by the line ministries and the meta evaluation by the MoSF. First, the gap of the total point was getting closer. It means there was the learning effect. Second, the performance variable was the most important element contributing to the total gap. It complies that it is mostly important to control the performance variable for the effectiveness of budgetary programs. Third, planning variable showed a significant gap in the early period, but gradually the gap became smaller. In implies that the planning variable is needed to be converted to a consulting process. Fourth, implementation variable did not show a significant gap from the first. As the implementation variable was easy to be calculated, it was easy to make compromise. From the analysis, some policy implications were derived. First, meta evaluation should be changed from the dual evaluation to monitoring, including evaluation framework, methodology, periodical cycle. Second, planning is better for consulting process rather than the quantitative evaluation. Especially the performance indicators is supposed to be relevant for the prior mutual adjustment. Third, implementation is expected to be the quantitative variable, which is supposed to be easily admitted by the self evaluation. Fourth, performance variable should be put much emphasis and much weight is needed.

This study argues that local councilors can enhance their evaluation activities on the local governments by using the qualitative evaluation methodology based on their experiences and insights. The purpose of this study is to suggest that local councilors can be the qualitative researchers in the middle of talk time, speech, interpellation, or audit, and perform qualitative evaluation by gathering qualitative data such as interview, observation, and qualitative literature, and writing field notes. For this, it analyzed the official records of Seoul Metropolitan Council and identified the possibility to introduce and use qualitative evaluation to the local councilors’ activities. In addition, it suggested to use the specific methods such as systemization of evaluative comments, subdivision of evaluation items, and graphing of scorecards. Finally it argued that it require systematic education for local councilors on the qualitative evaluation methodology.

This study aimed at exploring the process of the perspective on life through democratic civil education experiences for North Korean settlers by examining the education that they experienced in Hanawon using qualitative research methods. For this purpose, the contents and delivering methods of democratic civil education programs in Hanawon, including their problems, and how their perspective of life has been changed through those programs were investigated. For this study, nine North Korean settlers(7 males and 2 females) were interviewed. The findings of this study showed that program development or special policies were needed to accept the good system in North Korea, understanding program goal that 12 weeks of education in Hanawon is the most influential process in North Korean settlers’ life and to produce and make use of vivid video clips were needed for Hanawon to be the best quality educational organization, more customized education in Hanawon curricula considering age and vocational context for the various educational targets was needed, and a program through which they can experience the blind spots in South Korea was needed to eliminate a false Korean dream.