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To better ascertain the needs of East Asian countries adjacent to the Fukushima Nuclear Accident, we conducted an analysis of 48 East-Asian websites from the day of accident from March 2011 to September 2012. Subjects included published or broadcast news articles, blogs, and new media outlet such as YouTube videos that were produced in the area. The data are systemically collected by using same searching words, including “Fukushima” in three local languages, such as Chinese, Korean and Japanese. The search method leaded a quasi-random sampling. The chosen websites have replies, which are the unit of analysis in this study. The study set up a typology of classifying patterns in replies, which consists of a two-by-two matrix of publicness vs. privateness and policy narratives vs. policy monopoly. This study aimed to reconcile two different approaches of qualitative and quantitative analyses. This format gave a more affluent implication of the actualization of a typology with respect to the Fukushima Nuclear Accident. The result of chi-square test showed that the response types are statistically dependent on countries where the accident occurred. In detail, the model effect size represented a moderate magnitude (Cramer's V = .321). That is, East Asian countries have different responses on the Fukushima Nuclear Accident according to the typology.

The concept of corruption is a term of dispute in the German language, blocking conceptual precision and engendering political controversy. Since the 1990s, there has been an ongoing discussion of and increased efforts against the corruption. Although Germany scores among the "cleanest" countries worldwide, recent corruption scandals revived the discussion about how to deal with corruption and, more importantly, how to prevent corruption from taking hold in politics and public administration. This paper deals with the corruption of public administration in Germany. This paper aims to obtain lessons of anti-corruption from Germany. According to FBI data analysis, the corruption has been shown as a problem in public sectors and by a method for personal benefits and deals, it is sometimes seen as a social phenomenon and as a problem with many occurrences in advanced countries as well as developing countries. It also can happen in politics, public administration and business of all countries. Naturally, corruption has been a negative impact not only on the national economy and political distrust but also distrust of civil society in democratic institutions. This article introduces the corruption in Germany and explains the instruments and mechanisms to prevent corruption. As for lessons and experiences from Germany, in this paper, the public sector transparency and citizen access to unlimited information and competition for anti-corruption as an important variable to be analyzed has been concluded. In addition privatization and change of people's values were considered important to reduce corruption of public sectors.

Public sector innovation has been a major world wide trend since the 1980s, and Asia and the Pacific region has been on the rise. Several countries in Asia and the Pacific have been leading the trend of public sector innovation. This study investigates two exemplar innovation cases in a comparative perspective. Korea and Singapore are world leaders in public sector innovation, and produce various good practices in public sector innovation benchmarked by other countries. Each country is examined in this study with consideration of their different histories, cultures, and impetuses for innovation. Dimensions of government innovation examined are cost reductions, quality improvement, professionalization, digital government, regulatory reform, and integrity and transparency. Korea and Singapore started their public sector innovation at similar period under the economic crisis in the 1990's. However, Korea focused more on improving organizational effectiveness and transparency. Singapore put its priority on personnel innovation for its competitiveness. Information technology is a critical base of public sector innovation in Korea and Singapore. Public sector innovation in these two countries has contributed to the improvement in practices and better public services for citizens.

This study is to explain the process of Chinese telegraph regulations change from the perspective of historical institutionalism. The theoretical concept "Path Dependence" in historical institutionalism is very useful in explaining dynamic and abrupt policy change processes such as Chinese telecommunication regulations. The results of analysis are as follows: First, ideologies and relations between actors are important contexts which influenced on evolving path dependence in telecommunication policy regulations change. Second, Chinese telecommunication regulations have been intermittently changed by crises, external pressure and critical junctures. Regulations policy change in the period of planned economy occurred with internal political events. Third, Chinese telegraph regulations reform was designed to break down monopoly and mitigate restrictions to induce competition.

This article analyzed the governance for sustainable development in UK focusing on the relationship between central government and local governments. Regardless of the change of prime ministers, the governance of UK contributed to the institutionalization of local governance for sustainable development. The strategies such as CS or SCS based on partnerships of government and local communities were promoted consistently, and the institutional mechanisms such as LSP or LAA taken by purposes of those strategies were activated. As Korea is in the middle of a turning point to create new vision for new era of sustainable development based on the invitation of GDF, GGGI, UNOSD etc. and the performance of local agenda 21 for sustainable development, the institutionalization of those performance based on coordination of the central and local governments is needed.

The main purpose of this study is to compare the regional disparities between in Korea since 1990s when local autonomy started and in China since 2000s when balanced regional development policy launched. This research identifies six dimensions of regional disparity of population, local economy, local finance, human capital, public environment & facilities, and social class. Based on six dimensions, 13 indices are developed for actual data comparisons for both Korea and China. The geographical units to measure regional disparities are seven different units for Korea and six for China. First, upper-level local governments, regions, metropolitan areas, non-metropolitan areas are employed to measure Gini-coefficient. Second, two regions are compared for 'Youngnam' vs. 'Honam', Capital region and Non-capital region, Metropolitan regions and Non-metropolitan regions in Korea, and for 'Sandung' vs. 'Jeojang', coastal regions vs. inland regions in China. The result of comparison shows that while regional disparities exist in both nations, there are many differences in the nature and location of regional disparities. Overall, Chinese regional disparity was greater than in Korea.

This study deduced implications for the future directions of multicultural policies by conducting a comparison of Korea and Taiwan even though Taiwan became multicultural before Korea because the two countries have a lot of similarities in terms of history and culture. There has been a strong tendency in favor of assimilation in Korea through educating and introducing the Korean language with the purpose of increasing adaptability although, recently, there has developed a tendency heading towards a partial pluralism of encouraging bilingual Korean language and mother tongue education. In the labor force and employment, there had been a strong differential exclusionary in the past but it has turned towards assimilation through implementing an employment permit system. In culture/health/welfare, welfare is provided to foreign workers in order to realize economic goals, while educational support and increased social services are being provided for families of mixed national origin. In education and human rights, the policies for foreigners and mainland spouses have a strong tendency towards assimilation and foreign workers have different exclusionary policies. However, in employment/labor and culture/welfare/health, there is a growing tendency in favor of pluralism. Therefore, establishing a network of multicultural services in overpopulated foreigner residential areas, a system of governance where diverse citizens participate should aim for multi-cultural policies moving to pluralism from assimilation.

Korean government has been evaluated as the most successful government in establishing and implementing of ICT industrial policy. In the era of mobile-centric smart-phone, however, the environment of korean ICT industry is getting in crisis recently. In this circumstance, it is important to establish the ICT governmental organization in order to provide incentives to invest in network for enhancing the ICT industry as the mobile internet market revitalization and new service creation through convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications. In this paper, for the rebirth of the ICT industry in Korea, I propose to present a model of effective ICT policy organizations. For this purpose, I have looked into ICT agencies of 9 major countries overseas broadcasting and telecommunications policy in the field of information and telecommunications. I divided overseas cases into two criteria. And then, on the basis of research results, I drew some implications for efficient ICT reorganization. In conclusion, it is important to install ICT dedicated organizations which can implement promotion policy and regulatory policy of the broadcasting and telecommunications industry in the mid-term to long-term. Especially, it would be desirable to establish regulatory agency separately, because political independence and neutrality must be guaranteed in the field of regulatory affairs.

The OECD DAC has been working for the strengthening of evaluation and monitoring in order to cope with pressure for ‘Better Aid’. Discussion on ‘Better Aid’ was derived from a reflection on the ‘Aid Fatigue’, and DAC’s efforts are basically aimed at enhancing productivity and stakeholder’s satisfaction of the ODA. Korean government also has been attempting to establish and manage ODA’s operation and evaluation system. However, even though this effort is widely perceived as necessary, there are many problems such as lack of experience and unsolved complexities inherent in the system. This study focuses on the TPC case in order to provide alternatives which contribute to the improvement of the TPC. It shows performance and limitations of the TPC, and it also will be helpful to ‘Better Aid’. Based on the result, the direction of TPC and ODA’s improvement is as follows: establishing a long-term plan to reflect the recipients’ demand, strengthening cooperation between related organizations, obtaining the economies of scale of the aid, enhancing the treatment and management of members, and strengthening the linkages between related programs.

The purpose of this study is to validate the operation systems of the school affiliated to national university by using the structural equation model and to compare the operation systems of the elementary school and middle and high school affiliated to national university. The subjects of the study were 855 teachers. AMOS 20.0 was employed to analyze the data. The results are as follows: Firstly, the conformity of the operation systems of the school affiliated to national university was validated by using a structural equation model. Second, there were significant differences between the operation systems of the elementary school and middle and high school. Support of the City and Provincial Office and autonomy of the school affiliated to national university gave the direct impact, support of university gave the indirect impact on the elementary school's research and practice functions. And cooperation of university and school gave the direct impact, support of university gave the indirect impact on the middle and high school's research and practice functions.

The purpose of this thesis is to identify a correlation between decision making and information sharing concerning Genetic Modification (GM). There is a social controversy regarding GM policy which intensifies conflicts within policy making participants continuously and extensively. NetMiner was used as a guide to analyze information sharing among 32 representative organizations to decide on GM policy. The analysis showed that average six organizations shared informations. It is notable that information providing in the process of information sharing among organizations is largely concentrated in the hands of three government agencies. It is found that the information sharing is related to the decision making in this study. It also seems that organization's characteristic is more significantly associated with decision making than information sharing is. Aside from "organization's characteristic" factor, a major influence on decision making is information sharing. It could be concluded that vitalizing information sharing can decrease policy conflict.

The social economy, including community business and social enterprise is hard to institutionalize just by unilateral support of governments, because it is on the sector which private and public sectors are mixed. The most important roles of community business are to share local problems, to create new job opportunities, to supplement services necessary in localities, and to provide community regeneration. The objective of this article is to propose success factors of Wanju-Gun community business. In order to analyze the controversial issues of the Jeonju city-Wanju Gun consolidation, this paper will be studied through key phases as follows: First, the regional basis side(motive and perception level, regional infra), Second, the support system(laws and system factors, financial support), Third, the operation side(drive system and intermediary supporting agency, residence participation, network, and the strong will of local government chief). This paper suggests alternatives as follows: 1) the strong will of local government chief(organization establishment, funding support), 2) forward a characteristic project, 3) CB governance system establishment, 4) activation of CB intermediary supporting agencies 5) CB incubating manager training, 6) positive participation of residence, systematic networking

The purpose of this study is to explore the influential factors in the intention of SAEMAUL UNDONG participation. To reveal the factors effecting on the participation, this study used a structural equation modeling(SEM) analysis by using the SPSS win 12.0 and AMOS 18.0 which is powerful tool analyzing the causes and effects relationship between variables. The results of this research indicate that the degree of SAEMAUL UNDONG participation is effected by the previous experiences and the community attachment. These results meant that the more the villagers take part in the SAEMAUL UNDONG activities in previous time and the stronger the villagers are showing the community ties, it gets the higher the intention of SAEMAUL UNDONG participation. The results of multi-group comparison analysis showed that the community leader group has more important influential impacts on the participation than the normal community members have ones. The results of this study suggested to promote the SAEMAUL UNDONG participation. First, expand the opportunities to involve the SAEMAUL UNDONG activities among the community members, second, enhance the feeling of community attachment, third, apply the differentiated strategies to the group of community leaders as a policy partner and to the normal community members by attracting interests in community affairs, and fourth, continue the suitable education programs for the community members to make understand the SAEMAUL UNDONG and collaboration for the participation.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the discourse on social conflict to be appeared in the process of attracting a nuclear power plant in Samcheok City, and to derive significant implications. For this purpose, this study has been conducted an discourse analysis using the technique called storytelling on the basis of critical literature. The results are listed below. First, there is a need for adoption of social conflict management system preparing in advance, not how to cope with death. Second, there is a need for building adjustment apparatus of interest conflict as a legal organization of the authority. Third, there is a need for enhancing civil groups' publicity to keep a good governance between public sector and private one. Fourth, there is a need for mutual trust-building through sharing useful information with many people. Finally, there is an urgent need for central government' role as a positive actor of conflict resolution.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the regional economic impact of the Yecheon Insect Bio Expo Festival which has different special character from others. We have deduced the production inducement effect, the value-added inducement effect and the employment inducement effect of Yecheon-gun. The result of this analysis shows that the Yecheon Insect Bio Expo has spent 1,520 millions of budget and has brought 46,495.7 millions of production ripple effect to Yecheon-gun. And it has generated 24,844 millions of added value and has created 454 jobs. It means that the tour industry in Yecheon is a very big industry and it affects big influence to the economy of Yecheon. Furthermore, it proves that to nurture a local festival, we need specific and systematic approaches. To contribute to local economy, Yecheon Insect Bio Expo Festival should develop divers programs of amusement(fun), learning and accordance. Other strategies are needed to secure identity as an attractive district and to develop special local products and to be linked with peripheral touring sites. The limitation of this research is that it does not explain the essential qualities of the festival by focusing too much on the creditability of data use and the economic analysis what rely on the number of visitors and expenses based on the survey of festival committee.

The purpose of this study is to investigate an effective support measures by analyzing policy satisfaction and demand toward a local government level community business support. To accomplish this goal, the policy satisfaction and policy demand of 152 social and village enterprises from the local government were measured. The twelve indexes were selected to measure policy satisfaction and demand as a means of analysis, and then factor and difference analyses conducted. The results drawn from the study are as follows. First, it was revealed from community business projects that considerable difficulties faced in the areas of operating funds, marketing and market cultivation. Second, support has been focused on labor and education support, not on operation support, marketing, preferential purchasing needed by community business enterprises. Third, while the policy satisfaction and demand for labor and education support policy have been high, policy satisfaction for marketing, purchasing support policy, and operation support policy has been average but policy demand very high in these areas Fourth, compared to policy demand, policy satisfaction is relatively low. Fifth, analysis revealed a great disparity between policy demand and satisfaction in marketing and purchasing support policy. Therefore, local government community business schemes need to carry out support policies that go through in-depth demand analysis regarding the design and implementation of education and training programs, the demands of community business licensees, and the characteristics of enterprises, which may all be linked to the income increases of community business enterprises as well as improvement in business efficiency.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the OHIP-14 in elderly according to types of residency. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 256 elderly people(mean age=78.9±5.36) in Chuncheongnam-do. Data were collected by means of a personal interview from July 19 through to August 20, 2011. Oral health related ADL, OHIP-14 and dry mouth was measured by the total 24-items. The data was analysed with t-test, one-way ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS program. Participants had a mean of 14.08 of home elderly remaining natural teeth and had 8.88 of institution elderly which was significantly with age , sex and perceived oral health. Xerostomia score achieved a mean of 6.60 out of a maximum 12 points. Powerful predictors of OHIP-14 were masticatory difficulty, oral pain, perceived oral health for the home elderly and were oral pain, toothbrushing frequency for the institution elderly. Based on the findings, OHIP-14 has a significantly impact on oral health related ADL. These results suggest that elder people oral health promotion should be developed assessment index which was measured predictors related oral health in the elderly for visiting healthcare.

This paper will explain the Seoul Metropolitan Government's Women Friendly City Project and will evaluate the major differences and similarities in the policies of Seoul and those of previous Korean Central Governments. Although Korean Central Governments has strived to develop women rights and gender equality by suggesting various programs for the women, there are still limitations in terms of helping them in the real lives. In the other hands, the Women Friendly City Project has been more developed policies, reflecting women's perspectives and experiences, thereby relieving women from the inconveniences, insecurities, and discomforts. They must have felt in their daily lives and encouraging them to realize their dreams. In the Administration of the first woman President, Geun Hye, Park, the major changes will be expected. Therefore, this paper will focus on facilitating an establishment of a new paradigm in the next government's policies on women.