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Political parties have used hard money, soft money, and/or issue advocacy to strengthen party building. But, as soft money and issue advocacy expenditures began to explode, concerns over both the source of these monies and their continued growth helped lead to the passage of Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002. Contribution limits on party contributions, however, remained relatively unchanged under the new law. In this paper we examine what might be gained or lost if contribution limits on party contributions are changed. We examine 88 gubernatorial elections from 1995 to 2002 in 50 American states. Analyses of the total dollar amount of party contributions suggest that less restrictive party contribution limits result in political parties being more likely to contribute higher dollar amounts to candidates. This pattern is enhanced when political parties perceive that their contributions are likely to have a greater impact, i.e., in a competitive election. In addition, analyses of the candidates’ reliance on party contributions are supportive of a similar pattern; less restrictive party contribution limits result in candidates being more likely to rely on party contributions, especially when the election becomes competitive. Findings presented in this paper clearly suggest that the financial role of political parties in an election can be enhanced or diminished by making adjustments in the level of political party campaign contribution limits.

The UK’s Coalition government announced cuts in governmental expenditure in response to the economic crisis. Behind this policy is what is called the “Big Society” concept. The critics of “Big Society” have highlighted its contradictory objectives. There is also the concern over how volunteer organizations, most of which rely upon local governments for their funding, will be able to develop new ways of service which are compatible with the “Big Society”. In this context, this paper analyzes the election manifesto, policy reports, and key figures’ speeches and attempts to understand what the “Big Society” rhetoric actually means to social service policies at the ground level. In so doing, we pay particular attention to health service and attempt to predict the likely outcomes of the policy changes.

The paper aims to provide a festival organizer with insights into areas for change and reorganization in future festival planning and for helping the festival to reach a more competitive position by investigating the gaps in the perception among festival stakeholders on the attributes affecting festival visitor satisfaction, and compares their perceived levels of importance and performance. To examine the gaps in stakeholder perception in more detail, Importance-Performance Analysis was employed to investigate the differences in the perspectives of the major festival stakeholders on the attributes affecting visitor satisfaction. The host organization, the festival visitors and the host community residents of a festival in Korea have been selected as the three major stakeholders, in order to compare their perceptions of attributes affecting festival visitor’s satisfaction. A total of 381 useful responses were collected, and the data were presented in the form of graphical IPA grids. Discrepancies were found among the festival stakeholders in terms of their perceptions of the studied attributes. The result shows significant perception differences in the meaningful quadrant of “Concentrate Here”, particularly in the comparatively isolated composition of the host organization from other stakeholder groups. These findings indicate that the host organization needs to understand the perceptions of festival visitors and host community residents in order to enhance their satisfaction level. The results of this study can contribute demand-oriented planning and operation of a festival by understanding festival visitor’s perceptions, and by doing so, can help the festival to reach a more competitive position.

This study aims to clarify French system of national public administration to find out possible lessons for the future reform of Korean national public administration system. It's highly possible that the French national public administration system, centralized unitary system assisted by local government system like in Korea, is susceptible to cast some lessons for Korean government reform to be launched near future. On the basis of this assumption, this study examined and reconstituted the itinerary of French national administration system reform for the past two decades ; and finally draw out four major perspectives to be conceived for Korean national administration system reform. One, the decentralization launched in France shows clearly that it does not weaken necessarily centralized unitary system. Two, lt's time for both countries to make sure the division of power accompanied by modernization of local taxation system. Three, current tentatives of administrative district integration or abolition, recently launched in Korea, in search of larger administrative jurisdiction can be replaced by divers inter-local governments‘ cooperation like in France. Four, it's necessary in Korea also to strengthen the role and function of special local administrative agencies as these are apt to bridge central and local, public and private actors and institutions, necessary to enhance public service quality and meet the needs of public service "clients".

The purpose of this paper is to verify the effects of innovativeness, effort expectancy, performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and perceived enjoyment on intention to use, carrying out a survey targeting intra-organizational potential users of N-Screen service. The model was based on UTAUT and tried to analyze in depth about factors affecting user acceptance. For this purpose, 140 questionnaires has been distributed and 128 responses were used. In order to verify validity, we carried out exploratory factor analysis and found that 7 factors including a dependent variable was extracted. In order to analyze individual differences, we conducted t-test and variance analysis. We also used correlation analysis to identify relations between variables. This paper used AMOS 18.0 to verify suitability of the model. The result shows that the index of structure model is within the range of acceptance. Conducting multi-variate regression analysis, path analysis, and structure equating model analysis in order to test hypothesis, we get the same results. Results showed that among UTAUT variables, performance expectancy and social influence affected intention to use of N-Screen service, but effort expectancy and facilitating conditions showed no effect. This implies that it is more likely to use the N-Screen service when expectation of performance improvement including work improvement and pressure from surrounding conditions or people exist, rather than when convenience of use and compatibility exist. Also, it indicates that variables related characteristics of N-screen service including innovativeness and perceived enjoyment affect intention to use; this suggests that for the new service, when there exist individual innovativeness and enjoyment of use, people have a lot of possibilities to use N-Screen service.

For the vitality increase and charm creation of a region through urban generation, it's desirable to push ahead with the project on the basis of mutual cooperation through the public-private partnership between the end users-citizens, enterprises, the central government and local autonomous entities. The aim of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of public-private partnership management in urban regeneration with focus on Kitakyushu Eco-town in Japan, and to get policy implications for effectively promoting the urban regeneration project in Korea. This study wat to analyze with focus on the three indexes, such as the role division, activities and financial strategies between the promotion organization and main agents. In addition, this study also combined the interview survey on the persons concerned the visit to the Kitakyushu City Hall with documentary research. The research results found that the public-private partnership in the Eco-town project of Kitakyushu had the characteristic of having the private-led project performance and a closely linked cooperation structure with industry-university-research-government. They also revealed aggressively reflecting the needs of the community and firmly establishing the opening & sharing system of the project information for citizens and the community through the research group and council from the stage of project planning. It's necessary for us to refer to what are suggested by the foregoing characteristics and the limits of the public-private partnership in Eco-town of Kitakyushu for the upcoming urban regeneration policy in Korea.

This study conducted regional industry analysis to provide basic data for establishment of counter strategies for Yesan-gun and Hongseong-gun according to transfer of Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Office. It also conducted shift-share analysis and regional growth rate differential analysis using 2007 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) presented by Chungcheongnam-do in 2010. In this study, shift-share analysis and differential analysis using GRDP have limitations as follows. Regional industries show a more rapid change in their structures with the passage of time, compared with national industries, and a wider range of annual fluctuations. In this regard, small area analysis produces different results depending on the selected point of comparison and shows instability. Moreover, irrespective of diversified classification of industries, it is so difficult to consider their complicated linkage, and to explain all basic factors of regional growth gap. However, among data essential for regional analysis, reliable data are regional input-output tables in the metropolitan self-governing entity level, in addition to inter-regional GRDP alone in the basic self-governing entity level. Accordingly, for more in-depth regional analysis in the basic self-governing entity level, more reliable data should be secured and related research methodologies should be discussed.

This paper attempts to review the existing articles on social enterprises, which were published from 2007 to 2011, using Network Text Analysis method, to derive the key words within the abstracts of the papers concerned, to restructure them into causal diagram used in the System Dynamics Methodology, and to make contributions to designing the optimal model of social enterprises policy applicable to Korea both now and in the future. Two different research methods were employed to accomplish the research purposes. One is the Network Text Analysis method, and the other is causal diagram building. The research results show that the key words discussed in the field of social enterprise up until now are 'social', 'economic', 'enterprise', 'social enterpreneur', meaning that the policy regarding social enterprise in Korea should endeavour to strike the balance between the social aspects and economic aspects, even though it may take some long time. It is hoped that these research results could be utilized to make a long-term plan for social enterprise, and to put the main concepts and principles underlying social economy policy into practice, and to embody them within the daily lives of ordinary citizens.

It can be said that Saemangeum Project, grand construction project to connect the city of Gunsan and the county of Buan in Jeollabukdo province and to create 40,100ha of land as well as a water reservoir, is the representative case of policy conflict or environmental conflict in Korea. It took approximately 15 years to complete the sea-dike construction as there have been many pros and cons presented regarding the project amongst NGO groups and the government. The Supreme Court made the final decision to continue this project. This study analyzes the argumentation structure how both parties is evolved their claim based on the warrants. The argument for and against the project may be divided into three sub-argument; economic effect, quality of water in reservoir and river, the possibility of maritime pollution. Governments were argued that the project had appropriate economic effect, would be satisfied the quality of water and lowered the possibility of maritime pollution, But NGO and religious body were argued the view diametrically opposed. In this argumentation, it was lead to social loss, but may be said to evolve the project.

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of governmental countermeasures depending on the acknowledgement of policy dilemma conditions under the policy dilemma situations. It especially compared the countermeasures of Rho Moo Hyun government with those of Lee Myung Park ' s toward non-regular employment laws. The results were shown that two governments had differential countermeasures when making or amending non-regular employment laws. Rho's government discussed non-regular employment issues in his early official years and succeeded to make them the laws under President Rho's governmental management philosophy and with his powerful leadership. On the other hand, Lee's government has failed to amend them. In the process of amendment, it has finally realized the dilemma of non-regular employment laws. The policies, however, have shown inconsistencies. The major findings of the study based on the results were as follows: First, the governmental policy dilemmas could be led by a governmental management philosophy or social environments. Second, a governmental management philosophy could change roles of labor- management-government. Third, the governmental policy dilemmas could be caused by interest-related groups' effects. Last, the longer we discussed non-regular employment laws, the more the dilemma was reinforced.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the renaissance strategies of urban village in Busan metropolitan city. The four renaissance strategies for creating Gamcheon Culture Village are composed of comprehensive-collaborative strategy, community-based collaborative strategy, strategic incrementalism and independent-experimental strategy which are based on co-operationism and incrementalism. The findings are as follows. First, comprehensive-collaborative strategies were applied to almost every policy stage by the operational commission for urban village creation. Second, community-based collaborative strategies were also applied through residential participation and self-governing. Third, professional artists and public bureaucracy led cultural renaissance through setting up public art works and infrastructure from the viewpoint of strategic incrementalism. Fourth, the independent-experimental strategies based on redundancy concept were highly adequate to cultural renaissance and creation because the role of the leaders and flowers, the community situations, and the developing contexts were very different from other urban villages. Above all, I suggest that the consistent cooperation among cultural artists, public bureaucracy and residents be needed for creating culture village.

This paper aims at examining the Saemaul Undong(Movement) of Korea in the 1970s. To this end, Newspaper editorials on the Saemaul Undong in the 1970s were analyzed. 54.0% of the total editorials were positive toward the movement, 6.3% were negative, and 39.7% were neutral. Meta frame for the editorial contents could be divided into support frame and analysis frame toward the policy in concern. The former (the support frame) could be divided, once again, into diffusion-intensification frame(43.7%) and the mind reform frame(20.7%), the latter(the diagnostic frame) could be divided into solution suggestion frame(the frame presenting a solution, 17.8%) and the evaluation-reflection frame(17.8%). Saemaul Undong could be seen from three kinds of leadership perspectives; community movement frame(40.7%), social movement frame(27.8%), and national movement frame(31.5%). This finding reveals that the editorials at the time tended to see the movement more as community movement, rather then government-led or socially enforced movement.

Improvement of public conflict management system has been key agenda for administrations in Korea since early 2000s. Despite major efforts to institutionalize alternative dispute resolution and participatory governance, public conflicts do not seem to be managed effectively. This paper focuses on the roles of information as one of the components in conflict management system with an assumption that some information may affect perception and strategies of stakeholders in ways to motivate them to use more efficient and effective mechanisms rather than strategies that rely on power or rights. This paper surveyed the needs and perceptions of conflict management professionals and stakeholders about necessary information to help them resolve conflict more effectively. This paper argues that establishing conflict information database may contribute to improving current conflict management system in Korea.

Korea has recently experienced loss of life and property from the occurrences of disasters, incidents and national crises such as snowfalls, landslides and heavy rain. So it is very important that we prevent to the disasters in advance and have an ability to manage them in order to minimize future damages. The government should prevent disasters and try to protect the people from them. To answer these questions, the purpose of this study is to analyze disaster management systems in Korea. In order to analyze the disaster management systems in Korea, the Woomyeonsan landslide will be studied through key phases of a disaster management structure, communication, project, mediation. This study will give a construction directions for effective disaster management governance in the Woomyeonsan landslide. Suggestions include: 1) Reorganizing the governance organization to strengthen cooperation 2) Effective communication system construction 3) Setting up an accuracy disaster operation plan 4) organizing a coordination mechanism between organizations to increase cooperation 5) Construction of integrated command system in disaster field.

This study is to compare the oral health condition and the oral care status of multicultural family women who are living in small and medium sized cities with those of married Asan-si women in the similar age who are resident in the same district. We are going to develop an oral health promotion program of multicultural family women based on the basic data between two women groups of this study. Since multicultural family women's oral health is worse than Asan-city women's one, the early treatment for decayed teeth and dental plaque control were needed. Multicultural family women' 67.0% went to the dentist after migration. Brushing one's teeth was 2.56 times a day, the rate of practicing rolling methods was 7.3% and using auxiliary oral hygiene devices was 17.0%. They lack oral health behavior and oral health awareness, oral health education will be enforced quickly. Moreover, the appropriate native language service and the educational program development will be enforced to carry out the oral health education which meets their needs. Multicultural family women as a member of our society need a lot of national interest, and therefore an oral health promotion program must be actively developed.