Earticle

This study is for demonstrating a causal relationship between class satisfaction through golf lesson in university and leisure perception and constraint intention of exercise. For this, 285 participants from the colleges and universities in Seoul and Kyonggi areas were sampled and analyzed by SPSS 18.0 and the results were following. First, environmental satisfaction that is one of the sub-factors of lesson satisfaction had a statically effect on self actualization and health maintenance that is one of the sub-factors of leisure recognition. Second, as analyzing the effect of lesson satisfaction on exercise adherence, instructional satisfaction that is one of the sub-factors of lesson satisfaction had positive(+) relationships with possibility that is one of the sub-factors of exercise adherence and positivity that is one of the antecedents of exercise adherence. Third, as analyzing the effect of leisure recognition on exercise adherence, the sub-factors of leisure recognition such as self actualization and health maintenance had a positive(+) relationship with all sub-factor of exercise adherence. These results were clear expectations that the mediator-like role for leisure recognition is important in case of high lesson satisfaction by participation. Also, through this study, it was possible to demonstrate the importance of exercise adherence in the process of leisure recognition.

The propose of this study was to empirically examine the effect of leisure activities and motor performance on training-outcome of golf player. 125 subjects, which were college golf players 100, an team registered in Korea College Golf Association were selected by the cluster sampling method in 2010. The number of subject eventually used in this study was 100. The data were treated with t-test, ANOVA, and multiple classification analysis at the 0.05 significant level. The implications of the study are as follows. 1) Leisure action burglary and leisure action frequency are high and raise physical condition. 2) Leisure action burglary and leisure action frequency are high and raise practice devotion. 3) Leisure action burglary and leisure action frequency are high and raise sports practice. 4) Leisure action burglary and leisure action frequency are high and raise sports practice. 5) Leisure action burglary and leisure action frequency are high and raise the practice efficiency. 6) Leisure action burglary and leisure action frequency are high and raise sports elevation. 7) Leisure action burglary and leisure action frequency are high and raise a training result. 8) Leisure action burglary and leisure action frequency are high and raise a grade.

The purpose of this study was to activate golf participation like as Special Olympics golf tournament and evaluate ability of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities through analyzing game contents of individual skills competition(Level 1), alternate shot team play competition(Level 2), and individual stroke play of 9 hall(Level 4) in international Special Olympics golf tournament from 2006 to 2009. The subjects of this study were 136 golf players with intellectual and developmental disabilities participated in international Special Olympics golf tournament from 2006 to 2009. The research tools were used Korea Special Olympics golf rules(2006) and the 2009 Special Olympics international golf tournament : General regulation(2009). For statistical analysis of the collected data, the SPSS 14.0 statistical package was used for frequency analysis, one-way ANOVA, and correlation analysis. The results of the analysis were as follows. First, Man players showed than women ones in Individual skills competition(Level 1). Pitch shot and chip shot showed higher score(p<.05). Maccao players showed higher score in short putt(p<.01). Secondly, Short putt was the easiest and bunker shot was the most difficult to players. A significant correlation was recognized other shots except long putt of individual skills competition(Level 1) (p<.05). Furthermore, chip shot and pitch shot showed the highest level of correlation(p<.01, r=.494**). Thirdly, It did not showed significant difference according to game year and country in alternate shot team play competition(Level 2), and individual stroke play of 9 hall(Level 4), however, Level 2 was important step to prepare individual stroke play with partner. Level 4 was significant in rounding themselves.

The purpose of this study is to offer useful basic data that can be applied to effective management administration for operating screen golf course in the future by verifying a model on relationship between selective attributes and use satisfaction & continuous participation intention in customers of using screen golf course. It extracted by using multistage stratified cluster random sampling targeting 371 users of screen golf courses in Seoul and Gyeonggi area in 2012. EFA(Exploratory factor analysis) was carried out by using SPSS 18.0 Window Version. Also, the fit and the individual hypothesis in a research model were verified through CFA(Confirmatory factor analysis) and SEM(Structural Equation Model) by utilizing AMOS 16.0. As a result, first, the selective attribute in screen golf course was indicated to have significant influence upon the use satisfaction. Second, the use satisfaction was indicated to have significant influence upon revisit intention. Third, the use satisfaction was indicated to have significant influence upon word-of-mouth intention. Finally, the revisit intention was indicated to have significant influence upon word-of-mouth intention.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of perceived service quality on customer satisfaction and intention to recommend in golf club members and present the importance of service quality. A questionnaire survey was conducted with members of five golf clubs located in Jeollanam-do. 220 questionnaires were used for the final statistical processing. The findings were as follows. First, the regression analysis of perceived service quality and customer satisfaction in golf club members suggested that the tangibles, reliability, assurance, and empathy of service quality had a statistically significant effect on customer satisfaction. Second, the regression analysis of perceived service quality and intention to recommend in golf club members suggested that the responsiveness of service quality had a statistically significant effect on intention to recommend. Finally, the regression analysis of perceived customer satisfaction and intention to recommend in golf club members suggested that customer satisfaction had a statistically significant effect on intention to recommend.

The purpose of this study is to investigate effect of whole body vibration(WBV) on strength and driver shot of female amateur golfer. The subjects are attendee of golf lesson in H golf range whose were divided randomly into two groups. The subjects are training WBV or golf stretching for 12 weeks in 3 times per week. The analysis based basic statics, two-way repeated ANOVA was conducted through PC using SPSS/PC+ version 18.0. A significance level of p<.05 was used for all statistical test. After training for 12 weeks, WBV group was more increaser than stretching group on back strength and ball flight . In case of back strength, There was significant different by group. WBV group was more effect than stretching group on back strength. WBV group and stretching group was increase on golf driving distance but, WBV group was more increaser than stretching group. There was significant different of golf driving distance by test. WBV and stretching of 8 weeks was effect on improvement of driving distance. In case of ball accuracy, WBV group and stretching group was increase by time. There was significant different by test. WBV and stretching of more than 4 weeks was effect on improvement of ball accuracy. As a result, WBV is effective on back strength, driving distance and ball accuracy of female amateur golfer.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of psychological skills on self-management of national golf team. In order to achieve this, 71 survey data which were collected from the member of national and backup national golf team who were registered in the National Golf Association in 2011 were used to analyze. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used in this study, and the following results were drawn. First, the member of national golf team's self-confidence and challenging in psychological skills had the positive effect on mental management. Second, member of national golf team's challenging in psychological skills had the positive effect on lifestyle management. Third, member of national golf team's image control in psychological skills had the positive effect on indigenous behavior management. Fourth, member of national golf team's challenging in psychological skills had the positive effect on interpersonal relationship management. Fifth, member of national golf team's image control in psychological skills had the positive effect on body care. As a result, this study can be concluded that the challenging in psychological skills could be an important precedence variable in mental management, lifestyle management and interpersonal relationship management. The image control could also be an important precedence variable in indigenous behavior management and body care. Moreover, the self-confidence in psychological skills could be an important precedence variable in lifestyle management.

The purpose of this study was to examine their working environments, training programs and education for new green keepers, to analyze their job and ultimately to suggest how to improve their job environments and job performance. The subjects in this were 388 green keepers at 16 golf courses for members only in region of Youngnam. The golf courses had 18 holes or more, and a survey was conducted by using questionnaires that were prepared to cover details. The analyzable answer sheets from 251 respondents were analyzed by the statistical package SPSS 12.0. Statistical data on frequency and percentage for each item were obtained to figure out their working environment. As for job analysis, one-way ANOVA was utilized to acquire statistical information on mean and standard deviation, and F-test was employed. The findings of the study were as follows: As for job analysis by background variables, job distribution and on-the-job training should be done in consideration of age, and customized education and regular education are necessary to improve their job performance and awareness of the importance of their job. Regarding job analysis by educational level, experts or green keepers who had technical knowledge should be responsible for educating high-school graduates, and how to fulfill difficult duties such as bunker management successfully should be studied to bolster the competitiveness of a golf course. As greenkeeping is very costly and demanding, professional human resources should be fostered, and thorough education should be offered. The green keepers who had two or three years of experience and whose position was the chief, section chief or lower directed more dynamic efforts into their job performance, and more intensive on-the-job training should consequently be provided for those green keepers. In addition, separate on-the-job training programs should be developed in light of work experience to prevent experienced green keepers from falling into a habitual routine and eventually deteriorating their own job performance.

As the players enjoying golf increase, which is the one of the most competitive sports in the global times, the golf industry has been developed into a form of prominent one and the demand of professional coach has been sharply increased globally. Current market of golf teaching in the world has been extended to the universality of teaching technique by the increase of professional coach and mass media, development of teaching system and various IT software. However, due to the lack of mutual-recognition in the generalized teaching technique and inefficiency of teaching knowhow, it is time to develop more advanced innovative coaching technique. ‘Contrast-technique’ which can accommodate former various, complicated theoretical system and is effective teaching technique, is proposed newly in this study. Also, it did verify the relevance and efficiency of proposed coaching technique by enough experiments. The ‘Contrast-technique’ is the principle which the coach let the student easily recognize the relationship between golf technique and recognition(intelligence, sensitivity and physical) so the learner can understand the principle of golf technique so called ‘multilateral recognition method ’. That is to recognize the principle of golf technique working on whole and partial, symmetric and non-symmetric (arc), unification and division, spiral structure which is the 3-dimensional character of golf; with the definite point of the contrasting center forming principle which is co-complementing, balanced relationship at each part of geometric and entire golf swing. The examine closely general relationship linked to structural changes of swing and recognition-power perceived by human’s 3-sensibility through the experiment of the 12 swing points and so proposed the way of improvement in golf teaching.

The purpose of this study was to find a reason of a slope failure by torrential rains. The subject of this study was Golden Bay golf course in Tae-An, slope failure in 2010. Analysis method contains factor of safety, strain, probability of failure and limit state design. In this paper, slope failure is described through stability analysis of characteristics of bedrock slope collapse. Not only considering the slope design but also the reinforcement method, the standard gradient of cutting the ground slope and the standard gradient according to characteristics of bedrock are listed. In slope reinforcement methods, which contains anchor, nail, rock bolt and H-beam reinforcements, the research predicts the shear strength occurrence and suggests the way to design regarding all the needed elements of slope design in the rainy season. The research suggests the way to enhance the stability of predictable problems in the process of slope design with various review methods.

This study has the purpose in examining the effect of the participation motives in overseas off-season training and choice attributes on intention to revisit. To achieve the study purpose, it selected 162 subjects among the members of outdoor golf driving range located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do by using stratified random sampling. For data collection, SPSS WIN 18.0 statistics package program was used. As data analysis techniques, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, One way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple liner regression were used. Conclusions through those methods and procedures are as follows: Firstly, there are statistically significant differences in ages, vocations, academic backgrounds, and income levels in regard to intention to revisit according to the demographic variables of participants in overseas off-season golf training, but there was no difference found in genders. Secondly, big or small correlations appeared in participation motivation of overseas off-season golf training, choice attributes, and intention to revisit. In particular, participation motivation of overseas golf training and choice attributes had a statistically significant effect on intention to revisit.

The purpose of this research was conducted aiming to present academic basic data to follow-up researchers by verifying the validity of whether the same measure can be applied to different genders in using leisure attitude questionnaires to professional golfers, and based on the results of this, the following conclusions were derived. The leisure attitude measure composed of factors 4 was made up of universal questions that can be used commonly to both genders. Accordingly, the conclusion that there is no problem with generalizing the information about the leisure attitude of professional golfers without distinguishing between genders was obtained. And also the conclusion that, since there is a statistical problem of measurement error in the traditional statistical techniques used to establish the difference between the groups, it can raise the efficiency of interpretation to interpret by applying effect size or to analyze by applying latent means analysis was obtained.

This study aims to examine the relationship between perceived leadership types of golf coaches and empowerment and organizational effectiveness in golf players, present desirable leadership types of golf players, and provide basic materials for improved participation satisfaction of golf players and revitalized golf players. A questionnaire survey was conducted with a total of 414 golf players. Finally, this study reached a conclusion as follows. Transformational leadership and transactional leadership which are sub-factors of leadership types of golf coaches in golf players were positively correlated to empowerment and organizational effectiveness. As empowerment was improved, organizational effectiveness became higher. Based on the findings, when golf coaches are given opportunities and encouragement to work with high responsibility in meetings of golf players by transformational and transactional leadership, empowerment and organizational effectiveness will be improved. Furthermore, it will improve participation satisfaction in participants and contribute to revitalized golf players.

The purpose of this study is to find the optimal launch angle producing maximum driving distance using various driver head angles and provide golfers with fundamental data for purchasing and fitting golf clubs. Five professional players with club head speed of 160~177km/h and five advanced amateur players with club head speed of 145~160km/h participated in the study. Launch angle and driving distance were measured using TRACK MAN, shot analysis equipment, and the mean was analysed in correlation with flight time and trajectory. The results showed that loft angle during impact increased 2° to 6° more than the actual head angle of the driver and driving distance varied according to the trajectory. A ball with high trajectory had longer flight time but shorter driving distance and a ball with low trajectory, on the other hand, had longer driving distance but shorter flight time. The optimum driver head angle may differ according to the golfers’ swing style, however, the launch angle of 12° to 15° helps increase driving distance. The results of this study will contribute to improve a golfer’s performance and be used as fundamental data for golfers purchasing and fitting golf clubs to increase driving distance.

The purpose of this survey was the effect of relationship marketing strategy on customer belief and customer commitment of golf Driver Range. To test this, 228 participants were sampled from the position golf training centers person using stratified cluster random sampling. This study was concluded as follows : First, customer relation/band relation, communication, price had significant influences on golf training center belief. And communication, physical institution had significant influences on teacher belief. Second, customer relation/band relation, communication, price had significant influences on golf commitment. And relation/band relation, communication had significant influences on golf training center commitment. Third, golf training center belief, teacher belief had significant influences on golf commitment. And golf training center belief, teacher belief had significant influences on golf training center commitment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the results of putting stroke which are face angle at impact, swing path of club, and green slope. For this study, a pendulum putting machine and a movable plate were used. Ball rolling distance was set at 1.2m. The control group(CG) does not have an angle and for example, the face angle is 0 degree, the swing path is 0 degree and the green slope is 0 degree. Nine experimental groups have one other condition. The origin of the coordinate was set at the corner of the plate and the ball was set on(70,0). In this study, x stands for direction, y stands for distance, and x+y unites a distance and a direction. Results suggested that the slope of the green was exposed to affect the big effect on the direction of move of the ball the most. The face angle has an effect on the direction of the ball in case one is big(more than 2 degrees). However, small angle did not change the direction of ball movement. The distance of the ball is almost constant(less than ±5cm) in spite of the transformation of the club. In the case of a distance and a direction, the slop of the green affected the big effect most. The face angle of 3 degrees affected big effect.

The purpose of this study is to examine how does driving range members' motivation of participating in sports influence exercise addiction. We collected 526 samples from a driving range which is located in H City, Kyung-Gi Do. To achieve our study goal, we used motivation of participating in sports and the exercise addiction of leisure sports as our standard values. Data analysis has verified each variable difference through t-test and One-way ANOVA by SPSS 15.0 Windows program. When similar differences have found, to prove specific difference, we implement Scheffe test in a method of post-hoc test. Also to verify how motivation of participating in sports influence exercise addiction, we implemented correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression set every statistical significance level to p <0.05. The result of this study as follows. From the result categorized by sex, men showed higher values in indulgence of motivation of participating in sports, social recognition and social satisfaction than women. Moreover, in exercise addiction, men showed higher values in every lower factor than women. Motivation of participating in sports’ social recognition, social satisfaction and exercise addiction factors showed no significant difference between withdrawal symptom and emotion attachment in age difference. Lower factors of exercise addiction is sports needs, withdrawal symptom, emotion attachment and etc,. Thus lower factors influence social satisfaction, social recognition, indulgence and self satisfaction.