Earticle

The purpose of this study was to compare physical fitness, isokinetic test(knee) for Korean professional golfers according to tour and semi, and to provide the data for injury prevention, fitness level evaluation. The subjects selected for this study were twenty pro-golfers. They didn't have any medical problem. The result were drawn as follow: 1) In physical fitness, the power, strength and agility of tour pros were significantly higher than in semi pros(p<.05) and flexibility, muscular endurance, balance, cardiovascular endurance were not significant differences according to group; 2) In 60° /sec, left knee extensor peak torque(Nm), flexor peak torque(Nm) and right knee flexor peak torque of tour pros were significantly higher than semi pros(p<.05); 3) In 180° /sec, left knee extensor peak torque(Nm), flexor peak torque(Nm), and right knee extensor peak torque(Nm), flexor peak torque of tour pros were significantly higher than semi pros(p<.05).

The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is a difference in brain-wave patterns of golfers according to technical level and motions during the golf putting. Participants were 76(mean age=37.01 years). The subjects were categorized by their the skill levels : 1)mean score was below 90, from 90 to 100, and over 100. An indoor mini golf set made to stimulate a golf green was used. Tasks Were 2m Putting stroke and 5repetition frequency in a position. Experimental tools were putter, video recorder, and EEG without cord. Upon arrival at the laboratory, subjects completed an informed consent and a demographic questionnaire. Electrode(Fp1, Fp2)were attached to subjects and researchers checked their feeling of attachment. Each subject performed 5 exercise trials. They were not limited by time and provided any feedback. The experimental design was used by two factor mixed design (3 skill level × 2 action process). Dependent variable was pattern of EEG(β wave/α wave). The action processes were divided by preliminary action(making decision) and action(doing putting stroke). Data analyses were resorted to an one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and paired-samples t test. As a result of two-way ANOVA, it was represented that main effect according to skill level and action was not represented, but the interaction effect according to skill level and action were represented. In preliminary action pattern of EEG, there was no statistically significant differences on group(F(2,73)=.156, p>.05). Figure 3 represents that group 1 was highest in β/α and group 3 was lowest in β/α. In action pattern of EEG, there were statistically significant differences between groups(F(2,73)=8.818, p<.05). As a result of post-doc test, there were significant differences in below 90 and over 100 group.

An increasing number of membership golf clubs in Korea are confronting managerial difficulties even though the magnitude of golf industry has expanded tremendously. In this regard, this study was initiated to examine the effects of marketing strategies(4P's & customer management) on customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions of golfers at private membership golf clubs and provide marketing fundamentals that could facilitate developing successful marketing strategies for private golf clubs. In order to accomplish such purposes of study, this study employed a survey methodology and a total of 400 golfers were surveyed from 4 membership clubs located in Gwangju & Jeonnam areas. Data analyses were conducted with 353 complete questionnaires using multiple regression analysis at significance level of .05. Accordingly, following findings were derived from this study. First, marketing strategies of membership golf clubs had significant effects on customer satisfaction of golfers and among 5 sub factors of marketing strategies, customer management, promotion and place strategies, in order, had unique relationships with customer satisfaction. Second, marketing strategies of membership golf clubs also had significant effects on repurchase intentions of golfers and all of five sub factors had unique relationships with repurchase intentions of golfers. Among others customer management strategy was the most influential factor on repurchase intention in this study.

This study was intended to provide the suggestion for marketing plan to enhance the revisit to the golf course through the study on the consumption behavior trait on golf course service. For this purpose, it attempted to conduct frequency analysis and factor analysis of items and conduct the cronbach's α test to confirm whether the combination of attributes had internal consistency. The explanatory power of the overall items was presented through the cumulative explanatory power(Cumulative variance ratio). As a result, the following findings were obtained. Based on the study results, this study attempted to present the following suggestions. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the optimal facility, provide golf course visitors with the service they wasn't through market research and make an integrative preparation for diversified and differentiated programs, employee and operation management and pricing. And to consider the plan to enhance the intention to revisit by analyzing golf course visitors' satisfaction. Also, It is necessary to attempt the CRM that can make practical use of database(DB) of information on customers's trivial matters. And it is necessary to consider the effective positioning plan that adjust or emphasize the existing market through evaluation on and comparison with competitors.

Golf is a popularized leisure sport enjoyed by anyone in advanced countries, but it is not sharing a common response among the people in Korea. The reason is directly and indirectly linked to the problems of nature, society, and physical training environment. It is true that image of golf contains much more negative than positive. Efforts to overcome and solve lacked so far, which means much research is necessary to find systematic and rational method. Much consideration regarding methodological aspects and measures to change the negative image into a positive one is required. Therefore, the task we should be interested in and proceed are development of environment friendly facility as well as suggesting objective data that golf can have positive effects physically, psychologically, and socially. Much efforts of researchers should be preceded for this, and with the government's effort to popularized it, people's perception will change, and furthermore, popularization of golf will enable all people to easily, comfortably, and joyfully participate in the sport. The start of such effort should be now, the time that seems to be late.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among golf score, physique, and body composition from high school male amateur golfers. 105 golfers were participated in this study and their percentage body fat, fat free mass, total body water, basal metabolic rate, and muscle mass were measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis method. Correlation analysis was performed to find out the relationship among golf score, height, and body composition and regression analysis was also used to evaluate the effect of height and body composition to the score. The results indicated that height, basal metabolic rate, and muscle mass had negative correlations with score. The result of regression analysis also showed that those factors significantly affect to the golf score. Thus, height, basal metabolic rate, and muscle mass from the physique and body composition factors should be considered to increase the play ability and performance of those golfers. It is also necessary to figure out the physique and body composition precisely which are fit to golfer for better performance.

This study was performed to evaluate the green speed in Creeping bentgrass(Agrostis palustris Huds.) cultivars. The results of this study are as followings; 1. In green speed accoring to mowing height, creeping bentgrass c.v 'Crenshaw' showed the highest green speed in low mowing height among the tested seven cultivars. 2. In green speed accoring to topdressing, all cultivars were increased after topdresssing green speed were more increased than before topdressing. In case of 'Dominant', after topdressing green speed was approximately 0.75m increased than before topdressing. 3. In green speed accoring to growth period, all cultivars were increased good growth period(middle to end of September) compared in bad growth period(end of July to middle of August) except 'Crenshaw'.